高考英语二轮 语法学案（21）（表语训练题）（配答案或解析）.doc

2013高考英语：（21）二轮语法学案（表语）（训练题配答案或解析）表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于连系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构中，连系动词只是形式上的谓语，而真正起谓语作用的则是表语。可以用作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。1，名词用作表语。 eg：its a pity that we shall be a little late令人遗憾的是我们将要迟到一会儿。(连系动词是is) he became king when he was a child他在儿时就当了国王。(连系动词是became)this student will make a good teacher这个学生会成为一位好教师。(连系动词是make)2代词用作表语。 eg： so thats that就是那样。 she is very tired and looks if她很累了，并已显示出来了。 whose is that sweater?那件毛衣是谁的?3数词用作表语。 eg： we are seven我们一共7人。ill be twenty-four in may到5月我将是24岁。4形容词用作表语。 eg： are you busy?你忙吗? please feel fiee to say what you really think 请随便谈谈你的真实想法吧。 he will not rest content with these victories他决不满足于这些胜利。 注意下面句子中的系表结构： our dream has come true我们的梦想实现了。(come作为连系动词还常后接easy，loose，natural，alive，right等) her skin went brozl,n in the sun她的皮肤晒黑了。(go作为连系动词还常后接mad，hungrybad，wrongblind等) he fell sick他病了。(fall作为连系动词还常后接asleep，flat，short，illsilent等) keep，fit保重。(keep作为连系动词还常后接quiet，calm，cool，well，warm，silent，clean，dry等) the well ran dry这口井干枯了。(run作为连系动词还常后接short，loose，wild，cold等)5副词用作表语。 eg： are you there?你听着吗?(电话用语) ls anybody in?里面有人吗? my days work is over我这一天的工作做完了。6不定式用作表语。 eg： my answer to his threat was0 h it him on the llose 我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。 to have knowledge is to kno0u the true from the false，and high things from low 求知就是辨别真伪与高卑。 连系动词seem，appear等常后接不定式to be，以加强连系动词的力量。 eg： a thin person always seems to be taller than he really is 一个瘦个子似乎总比他的实际高度要高些。 the verdict appears to be just判决似乎是公正的。考题1 wait until you are more its better to be sure than sorry. a. inspired b satisfied c. calm d. certain考题2 do you think the soup tastes ? a. deliciously b. being delicious c. delicious d. to be delicious考题3 what worried the child most was to visit his mother in the hospital. a. his not allowing b. his not being allowed c. his being not allowed d. having not been allowed考题4 leaning women in big cities usually.get _ by the hour. a. pay b. paying c. paid d. to pay考题5 i had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. i got wet through. a. its the reason b. thats why c. theres why d. its how7动名词用作表语。 eg： complimenting is lying恭维即是说谎。 is that asking so much?那是要求的高了吗?8分词用作表语。 eg： its surprising that you harent met真想不到你们未见过面。 i was so moch surprised at it我对此事感到很惊讶。 im very pleased with what he has done我对他所干的活很满意。 i feel inclined to agree我倾向于同意。 (be或feelinclined“倾向于”可看作是固定搭配)9介词短语用作表语。 eg：she is in good health她很健康。 they appear out of breath他们似乎喘不过气来了。 the show is，tom setden till ten演出时间为7点至10点。 介词of表“具有”时，其短语亦常用作表语。 eg： im quite o，your opinion我完全同意你的意见。 it appears of no value它似乎没有价值。 引导表语的介词of还常后接age，benefitbirth，charm，consequence，harm，importance，interestkind，nature，origin，quality，significance，stock，type等。10从句用作表语。 eg： is that why you were angry?这就是你发怒的原因吗? this is what he means这就是他的意思。恃别提醒：(1)look，feel，come，sound，taste，smell，go等系动词后用形容词作表语。(2)当从句作表语时，主语为reason时，从句的连接词为that。 eg： the reason is that he was 111原因是他病了。(3)不定式作表语时，当前面出现do的形式时，不定式符号to可以省略。 eg： what i could do is(to)wait我所能做的只有等。考题1点拨；答案为d。此题考查形容词的辨析和形容词作表语，根据its better to be sure than sorry可判断用certain“确信”。句意为：“等到你更确信再做；确信了要比后悔好。”考题2点拨；答案为c。考查taste“尝起来”作系动词用，后接形容词作表语。句意为：“你觉得这汤可口吗?”考题3点拨：答案为b。考查动名词作表语，并且使用动名词的复合结构的否定形式。句意为：“使这孩子最担心的是，不允许他去医院探望他妈妈。”考题4点拨。答案为c。考查过去分词作表语，get paid=be paid。句意为：“大城市里的清洁女工按小时获得报酬。”考题5点拨：答案为b。考查表语从句，thats why“这就是的原因”。句意为：“我既没拿雨衣又没带雨伞，这就是我全身湿透的原因。”总结提示：形容词，分词。动名词，从句作表语是高考考查表语的热点。61. he stopped his ears with his hands to _ the terrible noise. a. show off b. cut out c. keep from d. shut out答案 d. shut out.注释 shut out排除。参看iv.64。show off炫耀; cut out删掉; keep from; 1) 隐瞒; she kept the truth from me. (她向我隐瞒真相。) 2) 不沾, 避开; he keeps from alcohol. (他滴酒不沾。) 3) 使不做某事：she kept herself from laughing. (她没有笑出来。)62. my house is the only brick one on the street. it _ and you cant miss it. a. stands up b. looks out c. sticks out d. wipes out答案 c. stick out.注释 stick out (=protrude, project) 伸出, 突出; 显露, 显眼：1) the doctor asked him to stick his tongue out. 2) spelling mistakes stick out in this composition. (这篇作文中拼写错误很显眼。) stick out (=endure to the end) 坚持到底; if you can stick out a bit longer ,everything will be all right. (假如你能在坚持一下, 一切都会好起来。) wipe out 擦去, 消灭, 参看iii.193.注释.63. after the show, the crowd _ out of the theater. a. poured b. melted c. drew d. dismissed答案 a. poured.注释 pour 此处意为：涌出, 涌来, 如：people poured out to the rally. (人们踊跃参加群众大会。)64. although it is not our normal _ to give credit, this time i think we should consider the matter more closely. a. state b. intention c. occasion d. practice答案 d. practice.注释 practice (=way of doing sth. that is common or habitual; sth. done regularly) 做法, 惯例 ：it is my practice always to rise early. to give credit 让赊欠：no credit is given at this shop. (这家商店概不赊欠。)65. it gave me a strange feeling of excitement to see my name in _. a. news b. print c. publication d. press答案 b. print.注释 in print是习语, 意指“印出来, 发表出来”, 如：she finally saw her novel in print. (她终于看到他的小说出版了。) in print 的另一个意思是“在印行, 还在发行”, 如：this book is still in print. (这本书还在发行, 可以买到) 反义词是out of print , 意指“不在印行, 买不到了。”如：the book you speak of is out of print. (你说到的那本书已不在发行了。)66. the engineers have rejected the employers proposals to end the strike and the other workers have come out in _. a. opposition b. return c. sympathy d. readiness答案 c. sympathy.注释 in sympathy 以示同情, come out 此处意为 (=declare oneself) 表明态度, 所以come out in sympathy 意为“表示同情”。in return 作为报答, 如：i wanted nothing in return . (我不要什么报答。) collaboration协作, 如：work in collaboration with sb. (与某人协力合作) 。opposition 反对, 如：rise in opposition to (起来反对) 。readiness 准备 (状态); 待机, 如：having everything in readiness for departure (做好一切准备, 以便出发)。67. her work is often very hard and she gets very tired. the work is _. a.wonderful b.splendid c.tedious d.magnificent答案 c. tedious .注释 tedious (=tiresome ;wearying; uninteresting) 沉闷的, 厌烦的, 乏味的”。splendid 壮丽的, 辉煌的, 极好的。magnificent 壮丽的, 宏伟的：it was a magnificent ceremony. (这是一次盛大隆重的仪式)。68. with prices _ so much, its hard for the company to plan a budget. a.fluctuating b.waving c.swinging d.vibrating答案 a. fluctuating注释 本句前一部分是with+名词+现在分词短语的独立结构, 做状语。fluctuate (=move up and down) (指物价, 标准等的) 波动。如：prices fluctuate from year to year. (物价年年波动) wave飘扬, 挥舞; 招手; (庄稼的) 波动。swing摆动, 摇摆; vibrate振动。可见, 根据题意, 只能选a. fluctuating.69. some teenagers have a generalized resentment against society, which _ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature. a. deprives b. restricts c. rejects d. denies答案 d. denies.注释 deny (=refuse to give or allow) 拒绝给予:he denied his children nothing . (孩子们要什么他就给什么。) deprive (=take away from) .剥夺。deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某物：they deprived women of the right to vote. (他们剥夺了妇女的投票权。) restrict (=keep within limits) the doctor restricted him to 5 cigarettes a day. (医生限制他一天抽5支烟。) reject (refuse to accept ) 拒绝接受, 如：she rejected my suggestion.本题译文：一些十几岁的孩子们往往对社会有普遍的逆反心理, 虽然他们发育成熟, 但社会拒绝给予他们同成年人一样的权利和优惠。70. though _ in san francisco, dave mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life. a. raised b. grown c. developed d. cultivated答案 a. raised注释 本句中though raised in san franciscos是省略的让步状语从句。raise (=bring up) 抚养：grow种植; cultivate耕作; 培养 (友谊等) 。如cultivate后接某人, 则意为“培养与某人的感情”。如：john always tries to cultivate the people, who are useful to him professionally. (约翰一向喜欢与事业上对他有用的人来往。) 本题译文：尽管在旧金山长大, 但戴夫米切尔总是愿意把小镇生活中平凡的事情记载下来。71. im afraid this painting is not by picasso. its only a copy and so its _. a.priceless b.invaluable c.unworthy d. worthless答案 d. worthless.注释 worthless 无价值的, 无用的。priceless 无价的, 贵重的, 无法估价的：a priceless treasure 无价之宝。invaluable 无法估价的, 非常宝贵的。unworthy 不值得的, 不配的; 无价值的。72. the final _ of the play will take place on monday.a. action b. performance c. view d. sight答案 b. performance.注释 performance (话剧的) 一场演出。73. it was a long time before the cut on my hand _ completely. a. healed b. cured c. improved d. recovered答案 a. healed.注释 heal 1) 使痊愈, 治愈：the salve will help to heal the wound. (这种药膏能治愈你的伤。) 2) 痊愈 (多指外伤) ：the cut on my leg has healed. (我腿上的伤口以痊愈。) 可见, 本题是heal的第二种用法。cure治疗, 治好; the drug cured my fever. (这种药使我退烧了。) this medicine should cure you of your cold. (这种药定会治好你的感冒。) recover也可以表示“痊愈”, 意为“恢复正常”。例如：1) i think she will recover. (我认为她会痊愈的。) 2) he almost fell ill, but quickly recovered. (他差点病到, 但很快就痊愈了。) 也可以用recovered做表语表示“痊愈, 恢复正常：are you completely recovered from your illness? (你的病是不是完全好了？) 注意 recover vi. 用作“痊愈”时, 句子主语通常是人。improve 改善, 此词无“治疗”或“痊愈”之意。本题译文：过了很长时间我手上的伤口才痊愈。74. to get my travelers checks i had to have the bank _ a special check for the total amount. a. make up b. make out c. make for d. make up for答案 b. make out.注释 make out 辨别, 详见iii.123.注释.75. she said she was glad the difficulty had been _. a. cleared away b. cleared up c. broken away d. broken down答案 b. cleared up.注释 clear up 解释, 澄清; 解决：1) i had some doubts, but now they are cleared up. (以前我有许多疑点, 但现在都解决了。) 2) the book has cleared up many difficulties for me. (这本书解决了我不少困难。) clear away 清除。详见iii.32.break away 和 break down 详见.6,7,11.注释.76. i used to be able to play well but im _ now. a. out of date b. out of touch c. out of practice d. out of place答案 c. out of practice.注释 out of practice荒废, 久不练习; out of date 过时, 老式; out of touch失去联系; out of p