美国英语与英国英语的差异.doc

美国英语与英国英语的差异表现：词汇、语法、拼法、读音1.词汇方面的差异 美国英语所特有的词汇和短语可分为三类：第一类是美国人创造的新词，如movie（电影）、bootlegger（贩私酒人）、O.K.（全对）、flatfooted（直截了当的）等；第二类是有些词虽然在英国英语中仍旧使用，但美国人给予新的涵义，如homely这词，英国英语意为“家庭的”，但美国英语则有“不漂亮”的意思；又如bug这词英国英语“臭虫”，美国英语则“昆虫” ；再如mad这词英国英语意为“疯狂的”，但美国英语则为“生气的”与angry意思相同；第三类为有些词在英国已失去原来的某种意义，但在美国还保留下来，如fall这词，美国英语中有“秋季”的意思，但在英国早已没有这个意义；再如sick这词，美国意为“有病的”，而在英国用ill而不用sick。下面例出一些单词供参考。 美国英语英国英语caption标题headingauditorium礼堂assembly hallbulletin board布告板notice boardclass book点名簿roll bookfreshman class大学一年级first-year classgrade小学年级standardgraduate student研究生postgraduateinstructor讲师lecturerjunior大学三年级生third-year studentjunior class大学三年级third-year classmath数学mathsmemorize熟记learn by heartpencil-box铅笔盒pencil-caseprincipal中小学校长head masterprivate school私立学校non-provided schoolpublic school公立学校council schoolrequired subject必修科compulsory subjectsemester学期termvacation假期holidaysbar酒吧间public housebarber（男子部）理发师mens hairdresserbeauty parlor美容室ladies hairdressercandy store糖果店sweet shopchain store连锁商店multiple shopclerk店员shop assistantdruggist药剂师chemistdrug store药房chemists shopgarbage man清除垃圾者dustmanhardware store五金店ironmongersincorporated有限责任公司limited（liability）companypeddler小贩street vendersales girl女售货员shop girlstore商店shopticket office售票处booking officeeye glasses眼镜spectaclesfaucet水龙头tapflash-light手电筒torchgas汽油petrolinsurance保险assurancelumber木料timbermovie影片filmphonograph留声机gramophonesample样本patternthe movies电影（总称）the pictureskerosene煤油paraffinairplane飞机aeroplaneautomobile汽车carbaggage行李luggageconductor列车员guarddepot车站stationelevated railroad高架铁路overhead railwaygarbage truck垃圾车dust carthang up挂断（电话）ring offhighway公路main roadlocomotive火车司机engine driverlong-distance call长途电话trunk callmail邮政postmailbox邮箱postboxmailman邮递员postmanone-way ticket单程车票single ticketpackage包裹parcelpedestrian人行横道zebra crossingradio无线电wirelessrailroad铁路railwayround-trip ticket来回票return ticketsedan-car轿车saloon carsidewalk人行道pavementstreet car有轨电车tram carsubway地下铁道tube或undergroundtop speed最高速full speedtruck运货汽车lorryunderpass地下通道subwayhoses长袜stockingspants长裤trousersready-made现成的off the pegshoe-strings鞋带shoe-lacesundershirt汗衫vestvest背心waistcoatzipper拉链zip-fastenercandy糖果sweetcanned goods罐头食品tinned goodscook-book烹饪全书cookery bookcorn玉米maizecracker饼干biscuitgrain谷物cornmenu菜单bill of farepie馅饼tartpotato chip油炸土豆片crispsapartment公寓住宅flatbasement地下室cellarcheckroom衣帽间cloakroomcountry-house别墅villadresser梳妆台dressing-tableelevator电梯liftfirst floor一楼ground floorsecond floor二楼first floorthird floor三楼second floorliving room起居室sitting roomrealtor房地产经纪人real estate agenttoilet room盥洗室lavatorydate约会engagementfall秋季autumnfix up修理mend或repairline up排队queueloan借出lendschedule时间表time-table2.语法方面的差异 语法方面，相差不大，主要表现在如下情况： 美国英语英国英语Do you have a walkman？Have you（got）a walkman？I dont have any ink.I havent （got） any ink.Did you have your vacation yet？Have you had your holidays yet？She works nights as a janitor.She works at night as a janitor.Lets stay home.Lets stay at home.He has gotten a new job.He has got a new job.3.介词、副词及冠词的不同用法，例： 美国英语英国英语on the streetin the streeton the 9 oclock trainby the 9 oclock trainThe joke is on you.The joke is against you.to meet sb. on an express trainto meet sb. in an express trainat a quarter before threeat a quarter to threestand first on the liststand first in the listall afternoonall the afternoonall nightall the nightall summerall the summerday after tomorrowthe day after tomorrowday before yesterdaythe day before yesterdaya half dozenhalf a dozena half hourhalf an houra half milehalf a mileWe met her Tuesday.We met her on Tuesday.He studied English ten years.He has studied English for ten years.4.拼写方面的差异 美国英语的拼写有一个突出的特点，即比英国英语拼法简单，例： 1）-our结尾 为-or结尾 英国英语美国英语behaviour行为behaviorcolour颜色colorfavour恩惠favorhumour幽默humorlabour劳动laborneighbour邻居neighborvapour蒸汽vapor2）两个“l” 只有一个“l” councillor参赞councilorcounsellor顾问counselorjeweller珠宝jewelermarvellous奇妙的marveloustraveller旅行者travelerwoollen羊毛的woolen3）-gramme 结尾 -gram结尾 centigramme厘克centigramdecagramme十克decagramdecigramme分克decigramkilogramme千克kilogrammilligram毫克milligramprogramme节目program4）-re结尾 -er结尾 centimetre厘米centimetercentre中心centerdecimetre分米decimeterfibre纤维fiberhectometre百米hectometerkilomatre千米kilometerlustre光泽lustermeagre贫乏的meagermillimetre毫米millimetertheatre剧场theater5）-ise结尾 -ize结尾 analyse分析analyzecivilise教化civilizememorise记住memorizeorganise组织o