英语精读4.docx

英语精读4I. Reading Comprehension(40 points, 2 points each)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1By adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can greatly increase their childrens language development. It is surprising but true. How parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the childrens language development. If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading, the childs language skills increase. A study was done with 30 three-year-old children and their parents. Half of the children participated in the experimental study; the other half acted as the control group. In the experimental group, the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open-ended questions rather than yes-or-no questions. For example, the parent should ask, What is the doggie doing? rather than Is the doggie running away? The parents in the experimental group were also instructed in how to help children find answers, how to suggest alternative possibilities and how to praise correct answers. At the beginning of the study, the children did not differ in measures of language development, but at the end of one month, the children in the experimental group showed 5.5 months ahead of the control group on a test of verbal expression and vocabulary. Nine months later, the children in the experimental group still showed an advance of 6 months over the children in the control group.1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Children who talk a lot are more intelligent.B. Parents who listen to their children can teach them more.C. Active children should read more and be given more attention.D. Verbal ability can easily be developed with proper methods.2. What can it in line 2, Paragraph 1 most probably be replaced by?A. Parents increasing childrens language developmentB. Reading techniques being simpleC. Parents reading to childrenD. Childrens intelligence development3. According to the author, which of the following questions is the best type to ask children about?A. Do you see the elephant? B. Is the elephant in the cage?C. What animals do you like? D. Shall we go to the zoo?4. The difference between the control group and the experimental group was _.A. the training that parents receivedB. the age of the childrenC. the books that were readD. the number of the children5. The best conclusion we can draw from the passage is that _.A. parents should be trained to read to their childrenB. the more children read, the more intelligent they will becomeC. childrens language skills increase when they are required to respond activelyD. children who read actively seem six months olderPassage 2What will man be like in the future - in 5000 or even 50000 years from now? We can only make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. For man is slowly changing all the time.Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller.Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brains capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones. This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head. In particular, the forehead will grow larger.Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over very long period of time it is likely that mans eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.But what about hair? It will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at. This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.6. The passage tells us about_.A. how mans life will be in the futureB. how future man will look likeC. the fact that mans organs will function differently in the futureD. the fact that man is growing uglier as time passes7. There is evidence that man is changing because_.A. man has been growing taller over the past 500 yearsB. man has got stronger eyes than he ever hadC. mans hair is getting thinner and thinnerD. mans limbs are getting weaker because he tends to make less use of them8. Mans forehead will grow larger because_.A. he will use of only about 20% of the brains capacityB. the other 80% of his brain will grow in due timeC. he had rather narrow forehead a few hundred years agoD. he will have to use his brain more and more as time goes on9. Future man will probably_.A. have smaller eyes B. have larger eyesC. see better D. have to wear better glasses10. The reason for believing that future man will be different is that he_.A. is always changing B. never stops changingC. hopes for a change D. will live a different lifePassage 3Reading is not the only way to acquire knowledge of preceding work. There is another large reservoir which may be called experience, and the college student will find that every craftsman has something he can teach and will generally teach gladly to any college student who does not look down upon them with ill-concealed disdain.The information from these quarters differs from that in textbooks and papers chiefly in that its theoretical part the explanations of why things happen is frequently quite fantastic. But the demonstration and report of what happens, and how it happens, are sound even if the reports are in completely unscientific terms. Presently the college student will learn, in this case also, what to accept and what to reject. One important thing for a college student to remember is that if Aristotle could talk to the fisherman, so can he.Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down from father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklore. All this is very difficult for a college student to explore, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants from wild weeds. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries turned out to be rediscoveries of what had existed in this wilderness long ago.11.The phrase this wide, confused wilderness in paragraph 3 refers to_.A. personal experienceB. wild weeds among good plantsC. the information from the parentsD. the vast store of traditional practices12.Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?A. The college students have trouble separating good plants from wild weeds.B. Craftsmans experience is usually unscientific.C. The contemptuous college students will receive no instructions from craftsmen.D. Traditional practices are as important as experience for the college students.13. From this passage we can infer that _.A. well invite the craftsman to teach in the collegeB. schools and books are not the only access to knowledgeC. scientific discoveries are based on personal experienceD. discoveries and rediscoveries are the most important source of knowledge for the college student14. The author advises the college student to _.A. be ill-concealed toward the craftsmanB. be patient in helping the craftsman with scientific termsC. learn the craftsmans experience with a critical eyeD. obtain the craftsmans experience without rejection15. The main idea of this passage is about _.A. what to learn from the parentsB. how to acquire knowledgeC. why to learn from the craftsmanD. how to deal with experiencePassage 4Have you ever been startled by a loud noise or by someone appearing suddenly behind you on a dark night or by a snake in the grass? Do you remember the sudden, tight feeling in your chest, the way your heart started to pound, the way you seemed to breathe more rapidly? Such reactions occurred because you were frightened. Your brain sent a signal to the special gland in your body called the adrenal gland. Other parts of your body were involved, too, but the adrenal gland has a very special function.The adrenal gland is located on top of your kidney. Since you have two kidneys, you also have two adrenal glands. Each adrenal gland is divided into two parts: a cortex and a medulla. The cortex forms the outer shell; the medulla forms the central core. Both the cortex and the medulla secrete hormones, but they have different functions.The cortex produces more than forty different chemical compounds and hormones. All these things are essential to sustain life. The medulla secretes adrenalin (also called epinephrine, the hormone that prepares the body for emergencies).When you are suddenly faced with a dangerous or stressful situation, part of your brain instantly sends a signal to the adrenal gland, and all sorts of things begin to happen in your body. The medulla releases an extra amount of adrenalin into the bloodstream. The adrenalin is carried rapidly throughout the body, stimulating other glands and systems.16. In this passage, the author is mainly discussing the function of _.Athe human brainBglands and systems in the bodyCthe cortex of the adrenal glandDthe medulla of the adrenal gland17. Which of the following is NOT true?AThe adrenal gland is located on top of the kidney.BEach kidney is composed of two adrenal glands.CThe medulla is inside the cortex.DThe cortex and the medulla have different functions.18. It is _ that mainly helps you respond to a dangerous or stressful situation.Aa signal sent by your brainBthe special function of the adrenal glandCall stimulated parts of your bodyDAll of these19. What could be said about the adrenalin?AIt is secreted by the kidneys into the bloodstream.BIt is the hormone that prepares the body for emergencies.CIt is the only useful hormone produced in the body.DIt is essential to sustain life.20. What do you suppose the author will go on to discuss in the following paragraphs?AThe brain system.BFunctions of the kidneys.COther human organs related to the kidneys.DReactions of the body to stress and danger.II. Blank Filling(30 points, 2 points each)Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words given below. None of the 15 words below can be used more than once. Make changes where necessary.versiondilemmarestrictionobligationexclusivefancyovertakeentailabandoncontactsamplestriveidentifyderivepotential21. Taxes are an _ which may fall on everybody.22. He took on the new post without having the faintest idea of what it _.23. The history of railroad transport has partly been a history of _ for greater efficiency and profit.24. Some people think that uncontrolled economic growth and environmental stability are mutually _.25. Dozens of homes have had to be _ as the sea has crept farther and farther inland.26. She _ herself with the campaign against drug abuse.27. We _ knowledge not only from books, but also from practice.28. She immediately called an officer at the Naval Intelligence Service, who in turn _ the FBI.29. After only three years in the American marker, our US sales there _ those in Japan.30. Young people in Asia take quite a _ to Valentines Day cards.31. The _ the doctor faced was whether he should tell the patient the truth.32. We are _ to 30 miles an hour in built-up areas.33. We can find various _ of subjects for the experiment.34. Comparing the original poem with the Chinese _ one may find that some charm of the poem has been lost.35. The _ sales of the new air-conditioners are great because of their new design and high technology.III Translation (15 points, 3 points each)Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（请做在答题纸上）36. With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.37. We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.38. He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.39. He is no more fit to be a headmaster than any schoolboy would be.40. Staying up late will undermine ones health while going to bed early and getting up early will benefit it.得分评卷人复查人 IV. Writing (15 points)Directions: Write an essay on the topic How to Lead a Low-Carbon Life. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1 现在许多人认为金钱是衡量成功的唯一标准。2 你的观点及理由。I. Reading Comprehension(40 points, 2 points each)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1For more than eight years Achim and I have lived aboard our sail boat Pangaea. Because we are linked to the wider world by a radio modem, our location has become irrelevant when it comes to keeping in touch, making us part of a new breed of world travelers: tech-nomads（技术流浪人） .Some traditional sailors avoid the use of communications technology on board. “If you re going to be so tied to civilization,” they ask, “Why leave it at all?” But Im not a hermit（隐士）. Connectivity has yet to make a romantic South Seas sunset less special to us.Going wireless was an evolutionary process. In 1993, before our first Atlantic crossing, high tech meant rowing to land with our laptop computer and finding Europes southernmost telephone booth（电话亭） in the Canary Islands to send a fax. Locals on the island of Hierro stuck their noses into the telephone booth, wide-eyed, watching us perform our electronic magic. By 1998 we could remain at our chart table while sending and receiving e-mail. That same year, we took the link a step further and created the first radio-updated Website, Pangaea.When I transmit our daily location update via e-mail to our friends and family members, I imagine them sinking pins in wall maps all over the world. If they stopped hearing from us, they would forward our last position to search-and-rescue authorities. During our first “wired” voyage, Pangaea had some engine trouble, and we had to make a choice between Haiti, Cuba and Jamaica for an emergency repair. Readers, who were “virtually” on board with us, offered advice regarding repair facilities.The Internet serves as an emotional lifeline when we are far away from land. The connection we feel with family, friends and other Web-site readers helps keep up our spirits and makes the adventure more manageable. We look forward to the day when we can share more of the far reaches of this wonderful planet with anyone who cares to sail with us virtually.1. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that some traditional sailors _.A. lack communications technology to keep in touch with the outside world.B. avoid the use of communications tools in order to get away from civilization.C. think they will get lost because they dont have communications technology on board.D. feel it less romantic if they use communications technology on board.2. What does the author mean by saying “Connectivity has yet to make a romantic South Seas sunset less special to us” (Line 3, Para 2)?A. Being linked to the outside world does not make our adventure less romantic.B. Being linked to the outside world, we feel less romantic watching the sunset on the South Seas.C. Being connected with the outside world helps to make our journey more romantic.D. Connectivity saves us the trouble of going to the South Seas to enjoy a romantic sunset.3. How does the author now keep in touch with friends when at sea?A. By making telephone calls from time to time.B. By sending and receiving e-mail on board their boat.C. By sending faxes with their laptop computer.D. By creating a radio-updated Website on the Internet.4. What did the author and her husband do when Pangaea had some engine trouble?A. They went to Haiti, Cuba and Jamaica for emergency repairs.B. They sought advice from their friends and relatives at home.C. They took advice offered on the Internet about repair facilities.D. They appealed to search-and-rescue authorities for help.5. We can infer from the passage that _.A. the Internet makes it more romantic to travel to the far reaches of the earth.B. the Internet makes it unnecessary for family and friends to gather together.C. easy access to the Internet will get more people interested in sea voyages.D. we can virtually share in sea voyagers experiences in the far corners of the world.Passage 2Hawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty（自主）over its own affairs. But much of the archipelagos（群岛）political establishment, which includes the White Americans who domin