李观仪 Book 3 Unit 2 自学部分.doc

Book 3 Unit 2Words & phrasesdread:1. v. to feel anxious or worried about something that is going to happen or may happendread doing sth.Im dreading going back to work.dread sb. doing sth. Tim dreaded his parents finding out.dread (that)Im dreading that Ill be asked to make a speech.dread the thought / prospect of (doing) sth.He dreaded the prospect of being all alone in that house.dread to do sth.I dread to think what will happen if they get elected. (I think it will be very bad if they get elected.)dread + n.He dreaded the long drive home.I dread a visit to the dentist.2. n. a strong fear of something that is going to happen or may happendread of (doing) sth.He didnt want to live in constant dread of poverty any more.I do have a dread of speaking in public.with dreadBernice looked with dread at the end of the passage.The prospect of flying filled me with dread.3. adj. (only before noun) making you feel afraid or anxious often used humorouslyNowadays, more and more people die of cancer and other dread diseases.We all felt the dread presence of the headmaster.Compare the following synonyms. Fill in the blanks with the words in the table.dread, fear, fright, horror, terrorThese nouns all denote the agitation and anxiety caused by the presence or imminence of danger. Fear is the emotion caused by the nearness or possibility of danger, pain, evil, etc. 是由于临近的或可能会出现的危险、疼痛或恶行等而引发的情感。Fright is sudden, usually momentary fear characterized by great agitation. 是伴有极大不安的突然的、通常是暂时的恐惧。Dread is strong fear of something impending, especially of what one is powerless to avoid.对某种逼近的东西的强烈恐惧，特指那些人无力避免的。Terror is intense, overpowering fear. 是强烈的、无法抗拒的恐惧。Horror is a combination of fear and aversion or repugnance. 是恐惧与厌恶、反感的混合。routine: 1. n. the regular and habitual way of doing things one is familiar withI arrive at nine oclock, teach until twelve thirty and then have a meal; that is my morning routine.Other related phrases:daily routine 日常工作dance routine 舞蹈的成套动作exercise routine 固定成套的练习动作matter of routine 常规2. adj. regular; ordinary; dullA series of routine medical examination includes X-rays and blood tests.He would make his routine trip to the store at seven every day.experience: n.1. U knowledge or skill that you gain from doing a job or activity, or the process of doing this2. C something that happens to you or something you do, especially when this has an effect on what you feel or thinkaccount: n. a spoken or written description or record of something that has happenedaccount ofHe was too shocked to give an account of what had happened.Chomskys account of how children learn their first language has aroused many peoples interest. blow-by-blow account: a description of all the details of an event in the order that they happenedeye-witness / first-hand account: description of events by someone who saw themThis gives a first-hand account of the war. Compare the following synonyms. Fill in the blanks with the words in the table.report, account, storyReport is a written or spoken description of a situation or event (especially in a newspaper), giving people the information they need.Account is a written or spoken description that says what happens in an event or process.Story is a description of how something happened, which is intended to entertain people, and may be true or imaginary.as a rule: generally, usuallyAs a rule, burglars are cautious about gaining entry from the front or side of the building.As a rule, however, such attacks have been aimed at causing damage rather than taking life.exception: n. something or someone that is not included in a general statement or does not follow a rule or patternFew guitarists can sing as well as they can play; Eddie, however, is an exception.每条规则都有例外。There are some exceptions to every rule.例外足以证实规则的存在。The exceptions prove the rule.with + exceptionThere were no floral offerings at the ceremony, with the exception of a single red rose.除极少数例外，大部分客人都预订了长达一周的访问时间。With few exceptions, guests are booked for week-long visits.make no exceptionsThe law makes no exceptions.你们都必须早晨八点到这里，任何人不能例外。You must all be here at 8 am; I can make no exceptions.no exceptionMarketing is applied to everything these days, and books are no exception.很多人并不知道如何使饮食习惯更健康，我也不例外。Most people have no real idea how to change to healthy food, and I am no exception.without exceptionThe vehicles are without exception old, rusty and dented.所有学生毫无例外，都必须参加英语考试。All students without exception must take the English examination.She took exception to having to wait outside in the rain. 她得在雨中等候，对此她十分气愤。 accordingly: adv.1. in a way that is suitable for a particular situation or that is based on what someone has done or saidKatherine still considered him a child and treated him accordingly. 2. as a result of something (a synonym of “therefore”)Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.gaze:1. n. singular a long steady lookShe felt embarrassed under his steady gaze. lower / drop your gazeEllen smiled uncomfortably and lowered her gaze. meet somebodys gazeHe didnt dare to meet her gaze.2. v. (into / at, etc.) to look at someone or something for a long time, giving it all your attention, often without realizing you are doing soNell was still gazing out of the window.Patrick sat gazing into space. (Patrick sat there, looking straight in front, not at any particular person or thing.)Compare the following synonyms. Fill in the blanks with the words in the table. gaze, stare, glare, glance, glimpseGaze refers to prolonged looking that is often indicative of wonder, fascination, awe, or admiration.Stare indicates to look at with curiosity, boldness, insolence, or stupidity.Glare is to fix another with a hard, piercing stare.Glance is to quickly look at someone or something or to read quickly.Glimpse is to see someone or something for a moment without getting a complete view of them.claim: v. demand something as rightful or dueCommon collocations:1) truthThe company claims that their product “makes you thin without dieting”.2) moneyIf youre still not satisfied, you may be able to claim compensation.3) legal rightsThe majority of those who claim asylum are genuine refugees.4) deathThe earthquake has so far claimed over 3000 lives.5) attentionThe military conflict continues to claim our undivided attention.spoil: v.1. have a bad effect on something so that it is no longer attractive, enjoyable, useful, etc.Common collocations:spoil fun / enjoyment / party / day / evening / holiday / atmosphere / appearance / look / view / prospects / chance / appetite / everything / things / plan / moment / weekend .2. treat too kindlyHis mother and sisters spoil him rotten. (His mother and sisters treat him too kindly.)3. treat kindlyYoull have to let me spoil you on your birthday.Go on, spoil yourself. Have another piece of cake.4. decayFood will spoil if the temperature in your freezer rises above 8C.Compare the following synonyms. Fill in the blanks with the words in the table.injure, harm, hurt, damage, impair, spoil, maim, mutilate, offend, scratch, ruin, destroyThese verbs mean to affect detrimentally.Injure can refer to acts that have an adverse effect on health, appearance, prospects, or well-being. It can also mean to treat another unjustly or wrongfully.Harm and hurt refer principally to what causes pain, distress, diminution, or loss.Damage usually implies injury that decreases value, usefulness, desirability, or effectiveness.Impair refers to making it not as good as it should be.Spoil is to impair and ultimately destroy the value, excellence, or strength of sb. or sth.Maim refers to wounding or injuring someone very seriously and often permanently.Mutilate refers to severely and violently damaging someones body, especially by cutting or removing part of it.Offend means to make someone angry or upset by doing or saying something that they think is rude, unkind, etc.Scratch refers to cutting someones skin slightly with your nails or with something sharp.Ruin means to spoil or destroy something completely or make someone lose all their money.Destroy is to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or cannot be used or repaired or that it ruins someones life completely.careless of: not concerned about something Similar expressions: regardless of / heedless of / irrespective ofThe course is open to anyon