阅读理解解猜测词义题ppt课件.ppt

welcometoourclass 1 囧 2 今天好囧啊 等了半天打不到的士 3 墙角数枝槑 梅 凌寒独自开 遥赞它是雪 只能说你呆 4 Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading Whatwillyoudo 5 Ignorethemandcontinuereading Lookthemupinthedictionary Guessthemeaning 6 Chinawillseethelongestsolareclipsein500yearsonJuly21 ascientistWangsaidonSaturday Thetotaleclipsewilllastuptosixminutes orthelongesteclipsethatcanbeseeninChinainalmostyearsfrom1814to2309 hesaid 7 考试说明关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料 例如公告 说明 广告以及书 报 杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章 考生应能 理解主旨要义 理解文中具体信息 根据上下文推断生词的词义 作出简单判断和理解 理解文章的基本结构 理解作者的意图和态度 8 抓主旨明细节猜词义做推断 9 猜测词义读懂文章 高三英语阅读指导 阅读篇 10 猜测词义题目类型 对考纲外生词的猜测 ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots Mr Jim forexample speaksfivelanguagesfluently polyglot mostprobablymeans 对考纲内熟词新义的猜测 Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment 04全国卷 cloud means 11 Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn itwilllearn 四川卷 Bysaying thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic thewritermeansthebraincanbe A usedB masteredC developedD researched 对句义的猜测 12 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有 1 Theword refersto probablymeans couldbestbereplacedby 2 Theword ismostlikelytomean 3 Whatdoyouthinktheexpression standsfor 4 Theunderlinedword means 13 语境法Contextclues 构词法Wordformation 猜测词意 高考阅读理解专题 14 WordFormation构词法 英语单词大多是由词根 词头 前缀 和词尾 后缀 所组成 词根是单词最基本的部分 表达单词的基本含义 在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀 可以用来引申或转变原词的意义 只要我们掌握了各种词根 词头和词尾的基本含义 那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了 15 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有 super 超 mini 极小的 微小的 micro 极微小的 re 再 反复 mis 误 恶 im 不 un 不 非 in 不 非 non 不 非 able 能 的 less 不 无 wards 向 16 supermanmicrowave 超人 nonnaturalmispronounce 非自然的 homelessnonsmoker 无家可归的 rebuildeastwards 重建 Canyouguesstherightmeanings 微波 非烟民 发错音 向东 17 Mary ofcourseyouareoverweight Youeattoomuchjunkfood Evenworse youexcerciseinfrequently Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend Rubinwrites thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings 18 NMET Withtheirshiningbrowneyes waggingtails andunconditionallove dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence unconditional nonjudgmental 无条件的 绝对的 没有判断力的 19 1 重庆卷 It struethatlighthousewerebuiltinout of the wayplace 2 Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50 000yearsago howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife 3 Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim Word formation 合成形容词 词性变化 复合法 转化法 派生法 词的派生 20 语境法猜测词义 21 语境法猜测词义 22 1 定义描述 23 Ex Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter Hisuncleisazoologist anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals Theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear Weareonthenightshift frommidnightto8a m thisweek 木匠 动物学家 牧人 夜班 24 Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain thefarmershavetoirrigate orwater theirfields Allwhalesfallintotwogroups thosewithteethandthosewithout Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti thatistosay theyaretoothedwhales 灌溉 灌溉 有牙齿的 25 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或becalled beknownas bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示 或由is thatis tosay inotherwords toputitanotherway引出一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的同位语 用逗号隔开 构成同位关系 小结 26 2 同义词Thenewtaxlawsupersedes orreplaces thelawthatwasineffectlastyear Motherwastall fatandmiddle aged Myauntwasanoldwoman almostasplumpasmother andmuchshorter 推迟 圆胖的 27 反义词ThoughTom sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean hisneckstillremainsgrubby Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings hiswife however isverythrifty 污秽的 节约的 28 Ex Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway Now however everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil Ifyouagree write yes ifyoudissent write no Somehumanactionsarelearned butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft 混乱 无辜的 天生的 不同意 29 由and或or like as as thesameas等连接的两个词构成同义关系 表转折关系的词常有如but while however insteadof ratherthan unlike yet otherwise though onthecontrary等 小结 30 广东卷 UnlikevitaminC leadershipskillscan tbeeasilyswalloweddown Theymustbecarefullycultivated Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans A encouragedB comparedC examinedD developed 31 3 因果关系Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow 弹性的 混浊的 32 Ex SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting Iboughtareplica Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference He ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong 复制品 精明的 修剪 33 常用关联词 如because as since for so thus asaresult so so that such thattherefore等 表示前因后果 小结 34 陕西卷 Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads Inparagraph2 aroofovertheirheads mostprobablymeans A acapB acarC ahomeD acovering 35 4 举例归纳法Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt headlights andgoodbrakes Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry suchaschickens ducksandgeese fortheireggsandmeat 家禽 装置 36 Thenewcoupleboughtalotofhouseholdappliances suchaswashingmachine fridgeandmicrowaveovenect Difinedmostbroadly folkloreincludesallthecustomes beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddowmfromgenerationtogeneration 家电 民俗 37 常用suchas like forexample forinstance等引出例子 可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义 小结 38 5 生活经验 生活常识 逻辑推理Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled 麻药 波纹 膨胀 冷缩 39 Ex Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid Inthestrongwind thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold 症状 易挥发的 颤抖 40 小结 根据自身的直接或间接的经验 或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来 因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯 宗教信仰 社会生活等 可以帮助加深对文章的理解 遇到生词 猜测词义的能力自然就提高了 41 福建卷 RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming Thephrase moppingup intheparagraphmeans A cleaningupB takinginC wipingoutD givingout 42 Whatdoes inthepubliceye mean A 公众熟悉的 出名的Tips inpublic在公众场合thepublic大众eye眼睛 Guess B 在群众的眼里C 公开的D 令人眼热的 MrZhangoftenappearsinpublic Butheisnotfamous heisnotinthepubliceye 43 根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义 例题 Tomcan tfindhissneakers C shoes Tomcan tfindhiswhitesneakers Tomcan tplaytennisnowbecausehecan tfindhiswhitesneakers A money B bowls 44 l Janeisusuallyprompt A lateB ontimeC pleased Janeisusuallypromptforherclasses Janeisusuallypromptforallherclasses butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass adj 敏捷的 迅速的 即时的adv 准时地 45 2 Tomsawanowllastnight A abirdB ananimalC thesun Tomsawanowlinatreelastnight Tomsawanowllastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear 猫头鹰 46 TheashesoftheGreatWallarefallingdown IthinktheGreatwallisnowlikean80yearsoldman Insomeplacesitisstillstanding butreallyunlessthereissomegoodmedicine mostofitwon tbestandinginthenextfiftyoronehundredyears Ifpeopledon ttakemedicine theGreatWallwillfalldown B TheGreatWallislikean80year oldman whoneedsmedicalcare C WemusttakesomemeasurestopretecttheGreatWall ormostoftheGreatWallwillbreakdwonin50or100yearsD TheGreatWallisfallingdown anditwilldisappearinthefuture 47 Allgreatplayershavealotincomon butthatdoesn texplainwhytheyaregreat HundredsofboysplayfootballinBrizilianstreets butonlyonebecamePele Thegreatestplayersarebornwithuniquequalitythatsetsapartfromalltheothers PeleisthegreatestsoccerplayerB ThegreatestplayersarebornwithsomeuniquequalityC Pele sbirthdaysetshimapartfromalltheothersD ThesuccessofasoccerplayerhaseverythingtodowithThefamilybackground 48 小结 所谓 词不离句 句不离章 讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景 所以在猜测生词词义或句意时 一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子 对词或句子进行合情合理的推测 排除肤浅的表义 选择蕴含在其中的深意 49 Inquiry basedActivities I 探究活动 1 50 1 Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys Aglacierisariverofice A 雪山B 树枝C 冰河D 冰2 Heisaresoluteman Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething hewon tgiveituphalfway A weakB firmC kindD clever 小试身手 51 3 Mr BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks A 租用B 借出C 购买D 参观 4 Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer A workB studyC nameD interest 52 5 Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady A 爱猫的B 古怪的C 闲不住D 动物保护主义者6 Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes frompenurytogreatwealth A 便士B 温饱C 非常贫困D 虚弱 53 7 Mrs Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype A 活泼的B 好动的C 多嘴多舌的D 可爱的8 Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity A townB capitalC countrysideD house9 Thisboyisnotstupid onthecontrary noonecouldbemoreintelligent A 勤奋的B 愚蠢的C 聪明的D 情报 54 10 Childrenarealwaysboasting Theysaythingslike MyDad scarisbiggerthanyourDad s MyMomissmarterthanyours and Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours Theword boasting means A 骄傲B 吹牛C 顽皮D 幼稚 55 Inquiry basedActivities II 探究活动 2 56 Passage1TensofthousandsofbabypenguinsfacestarvationaftertwogianticebergsbrokeofftheAntarcticicesheetandblockedtheirparents roadtothefeedingareas AdelineandemperorpenguinsnestingontheRossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks bornduringtheNovember Decemberbreedingseason Whatdoestheunderlinedword obtain probablymean A eatB getC sellD buy B 57 Passage2Aman spositionamongtheblack tentpeopledependsonhisancestors relatives andfellowtribesmen Iftheyarehonored heisalsohonored Iftheyaredisgraced hetooisdisgraced Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily hislineage 宗系 andhistribe Theword disgrace means inthistext A honorB endangerC proudD shame D 58 Passage3Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished AfewmembersoftheSenate 参议院 opposedthisdecision butthemajorityvotedthattherulershouldleavethecountryforever Theunderlinedword banished mean A killedbystoningB sentawayC imprisonedD punishedbywhipping B 59 Passage4Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields Iwouldwalkbehindanox guidinghimwithabroomstick For 1aday Iworkedeighthoursstraight withnofoodbreaks Itwasverytediouswork butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould Whatdoestheunderlinedword tedious probablymean A interestingB tiresomeC relaxingD challenging B 60 Passage5Althoughheoftenhadthechance Mr Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture Theword jeopardize means inthistext A protectB endangerC continueD stop B 61 Passage6Afterafour yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100compan