2018届 语法填空(教师版).docVIP

2018届 高三英语 语法填空【考纲解读】一篇200字左右的短文能力考查：理解语篇、句子结构、运用语法、单词短语空格类型：纯空格题、用括号中所给词填空（共10空）【解题方法】一读（快速浏览全文，理解大意）二填（分析并判断具体形式）三检查（语法是否正确，逻辑是否合理）【纯空格题解题技巧】Skill 1:若空格后是名词，且它没有限定词（冠词/形容词性物主代词/不定代词）修饰，很可能填冠词可数名词是禁止裸奔的。所谓不能裸奔就是不能既没有冠词，也不能没有复数形式。不可数名词才有资格裸奔。所以，空格后面如果是裸奔的可数名词，那么通常是填冠词的。I met him in a shop which sells fruit.Water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold.另外，裸奔的可数名词如果在上文出现过，这时候填定冠词the（再次提到，表示特指）。I met a boy on the street. The boy is waiting for a taxi. 谈话双方都知道的人或事物、世上独一无二的东西、序数词、形容词最高级以及形容词only, very, same前用定冠词theJanuary is the first month of the year.The red sun lights up the sky and the earth.【即时练习】1. My friend Vernon Davies kept birdsHe asked me to feed the birds for him.2. He quickly picked up the telephone on his desk.3. People keep dogs to protect themselves For a child, a dog is his best friend.4. When there is a car accident, police officers will find out if any of the drivers is using a cellphone.5. Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop and sat at a table.小结：冠词的语法填空归根结底就是要看出裸奔的名词到底是特指(填the)还是泛指(填a)。Skill 2:句子不缺主语、表语，动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，通常填介词1. I think its a good idea for you to come back to China.2. Though she is a girl, she is interested in football.介词的考查：多数情况下出现在固定搭配中但有时要谨防陷阱：1. He was very tired after/from doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 2. July 1, 1997 saw the return of Hong Kong to China. The day our Chinese people had looked forward to came (come) at last. Skill 3:两个或几个并列结构的单词/短语之间没有连词，考虑填并列连词I am very excited and inspired by the good news that you have been admitted into Harvard University.Skill 4:若两个句子（一个主谓结构算一个句子）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，填并列连词或从属连词（连接主句和定语从句/名词性从句/状语从句）1. He worked hard, and / so he succeeded finally.2. The building that / which stands near the river is our school.Skill 5:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词1. 由强调句型(It is / was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子的其他部分)，判断填it还是that。_ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)! 解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填It。2. 由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。_with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.解析：由can you expect to可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。3. so /suchthat句型。如：This made the goat so jealous _ it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. 解析：由句式结构知这是sothat句型，应填that4. morethan 与其说不如说；比更Lilys story shows that people remember more how much a manager cares _ how much he pays. 解析：由句式结构可知，这是morethan句型，故填than。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。【有提示词解题技巧】一、提供动词首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。Skill 1:若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致。1. Mr. Smith gave (give) his wife twenty pounds for her birthday.2. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, bought (buy) some bananas and visited her cousin.解析：and是并列连词。此处went, bought 和visited为并列谓语，时态也一致。Skill 2:若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。 doing 表主动/正在进行/持续 done 表被动/完成 to do 表将来或目的 具体的方法主要有：作主语或宾语，通常用-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。1. It is not enough only _ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. 解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。2. _ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary解析：句中已有谓语wont make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。1. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。2. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _ (succeed). 解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。另，be likely to do sth为固定结构。作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。1. He saw the stone, _ (say) to himself, “The night will be very dark.”解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。2. The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests.解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用followed作伴随状语。特别提醒：有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析：所给词choose虽然是动词，但在从句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。【练一练】考查谓语动词与非谓语动词1. He spit it out, saying (say) it was awful.2. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man sitting (sit) at the front.3. He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing(wear) sun glasses.4. I was certain she would like it because I was told (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.5. The sun was setting when my car broke (break) down near a remote and poor village.6. The proverb, “plucking up a crop to help (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.7. He walked in as if he had bought (buy) the school.8. Suddenly, he found (find) that he had run out of salt.9. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or pushed (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.10. The situation was so severe that there was no time to debate (debate) who is to blame.11. With the problem solved (solve), I felt proud of my achievement.12. With a lot of homework to do (do), I cant go shopping with my friends.二、词类转换这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所充当的句子成分来确定用哪种形式，具体技巧如下：Skill 1:形容词性物主代词之后；冠词之后，介词之前；充当句子的主语、宾语 、表语、定语、补语等；通常填名词1. With the arrival (arrive) of spring, the Dorritys took the children for an outing. 2. I find that creativity (creative) can act as a way to increase participation (participate) and improve fluency (fluent). 易错的动词变名词的不规则变形v.n.explain explanation describe description pronounce pronunciation assume assumption complain complaint另外，应对名词考查时，还要注意可数名词单复数的变化Skill 2:作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词。Teachers must try their best to make most of their students interested (interest) in the subject.Skill 3:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语，用副词。Fortunately (fortune), the guest escaped unharmed.Skill 4:有的词类转换题，词性不一定要变，主要是考查与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un- / im- / in- / mis-等，在词根后加-less等。1. Your mistake caused a lot of unnecessary (necessary) work in the office.2. I must know how to care for others and try not to misunderstand (understand) them. Skill 5:括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.【练一练】1. He must be mentally (mental) disabled.2. One Sunday morning in August I went to a local musical festival. I left it early because I had an appointment later (late) that day.3. Mary felt pleased (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.4. “That would be a very reasonable (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.5. Her curiosity (curious) got the best for her. 6. It was impolite (polite) of you to leave without saying goodbye.7. As a result, many children are becoming less independent (depend), determined and ambitious than in the past. 8. The merchants first wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions (contribute) in maintaining his wealth.9. There are uncomfortable (comfort) feelings, often as many kind of physical pain.10. Problems are the serious test that tells success from failure (fail).11. Unluckily (luck), I failed in the exam.12. When Chinas ancient scientific and technological achievements (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.13. At last, her courage and wisdom (wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University. 14.The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even harder (hard) and finally made himself out.15. He devoted his spare time to finding shelters for the homeless (home).【有关代词的解题技巧】Skill 1: 人称代词语法填空对代词的考查重点考查人称代词，考查时可能给出代词的主格形式（如I），要求考生填其宾格（如me）、形容词性物主代词（如my）、名词性物主代词（如mine）或反身代词（如myself）等形式1. The customer feels that the saleswoman is in sympathy with him (he) and understands his (he) needs. 2. This is my (I) book. 3. The book is mine (I).Skill 2: it的用法1. 指代上文提到的动物、事物或事情；指代人，常指婴儿；或用以确定一人的身份，如打电话或敲门时，可用it The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago. The baby next door kept me awake. It cried all night.2. 指代天气、时间、距离、温度等，在简单句中作主语，填it It is a beautiful day. It was time to quit smoking. It is 10 kilometers to the castle.3. 由it作形式主语的句式判断，空格处是否填it It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花了某人一些时间 Its possible / necessary / important / strange / natural to do sth/that. 做某事是的 Its a pity / a shame / a wonder to do sth/that 做某事是 Its worth / no use / no good / a waste of time doing sth 做某事是的 Its said / announced / believed / reported / hoped that 据 It takes me an hour to get there by bus. It is important for students to attend all the lectures. It is a pity that he cant come. It is no use talking to him about the matter. It was reported that a heavy snowstorm hit that area last week. 4. 由it作形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填itit作形式宾语，常用于以下句型：主语 + 谓语 + it + adj./n. + to do sth/that常用于此句型的动词有：make, think, feel, find, consider等 I found it very difficult to adapt myself to things all around here. I dont think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 【语法填空综合练习】阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。【Exercise 1】It happened two years ago. I was getting ready to go to Beijing 1. _ I fell down the stairs and hurt my leg. I thought nothing 2. _ (bad) could happen to me, so I decided to go anyway.I managed to talk my father into giving me a ride to the station, 3. _ was five kilometers from our house. We planned to set out very early 4. _ (catch) the 7 a.m. train but the car wouldnt start. When we finally left, 5. _ was already 6:30. My father is a very slow driver so I asked him to speed up. When we were doing 120 km/h a policeman stopped us and handed out 6. _ rather heavy fine to my father for speeding. I was very nervous there were only fifteen minutes left and we were nowhere near the station yet. Much to my annoyance, the car 7. _ (sudden) started to jerk (颠簸) and it soon turned out 8. _ we had run out of petrol. We had to stop at the petrol station to fill up the tank. We finally got to the station at three minutes to seven.I kissed my father goodbye, jumped on the train and settled down in my seat 9. _ relief. But as soon as we reached the next station, I realised that I 10. _ (get) on the wrong train: I was traveling to Wuhan, not Beijing!【Exercise 1】答案1. when 2. worse 3. which 4. to catch 5. it 6. a 7. suddenly 8. that 9. in 10. had got【Exercise 1】解析1. when。考查连词。be doing . when . 是固定结构，表示“正要突然”。2. worse。考查比较等级。由语境可知，作者认为不会发生比摔伤腿更糟的事，故填worse。3. which。考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词station，且在从句中作主语，故填which。4. to catch。考查非谓语动词。设空处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。5. it。考查代词。设空处指时间，故填it。6. a。考查冠词。fine在此作“罚款”讲，是可数名词，且表泛指，故前面用a。7. suddenly。考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词started，故用副词。8. that。考查固定句式。It turns / turned out that . 是固定句式，意为“结果是”。9. in。考查介词。in relief是固定搭配，表示“松了口气”。10. had got。考查时态。get所表示的动作发生在过去动作realised之前，故用过去完成时。【Exercise 2】Archimedes was a famous ancient Greek inventor and mathematician. He is best known for discovering “Archimedess Principle”, 1. _ scientific law that explains why some objectsfloat. There arevarious stories that tell how he madethis 2. _ (discover). One story tells of a king named Hiero, 3. _ suspected that his goldsmith had added some silver toa gold crown he had ordered. The king asked Archimedes 4. _ his assistance in finding out the truth. For days Archimedes was unable to ome up with 5. _ ideas. Then one daywhile getting into his bathtub, he noticed water spilling over the sides. Suddenly, he realised that when an object 6. _ (place) in water, it moves some water from underneath it. By takingmeasurements of an objectsweight and the amount of water it moved, Archimedes could find out the“density (密度)” of the object. Because of this, he could conclude 7. _ King Hieros crown was made entirelyof gold or not. Archimedes was so 8. _ (excite) when he realised this that he jumped out of his bathtub 9. _ (shout) “Eureka!”, the Greek word for “I have found it.” Today, people often shout “Eureka!” 10. _ (say) they have found a solution to a difficult problem.【Exercise 2】答案1. a 2. discovery 3. who 4. for 5.any6. is placed 7. whether 8. excited 9. shouting 10. to say【Exercise 2】解析1. a。考查冠词。law在此作“定律”讲，是可数名词，且表泛指，故前面用a。2. discovery。考查名词。设空处作宾语，且由this限定，故填名词。3. who。考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词king，且在从句中作主语，故填who。4. for。考查介词。ask sb. for sth. 意为“要求某人某事”。5. any。考查代词。设空处修饰复数名词ideas，且此句表示“阿基米德好几天也想不出任何办法”，故填any。6. is placed。考查时态和语态。由语境及下文的moves可知that从句所表示的内容是客观事实，用一般现在时，且object与place之间是被动关系，故填is placed。7. whether。考查连词。设空处引导宾语从句，且由or not提示可知填whether。8. excited。考查形容词。设空处作表语，说明人的感受， 故填excited。9. shouting。考查非谓语动词。he与shout之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且shout所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，故填shouting。10. to say。考查非谓语动词。由句意可知设空处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。【Exercise 3】The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, 1. _ (include) serious air pollution, long delays, and a great risk of accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult 2. _ (persuade) people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible approach is to make 3. _ more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing parking charges and bringing in tougher fines for anyone 4. _ breaks the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, known as “road pricing”, with a special electronic card 5. _ (fix) to the windscreen of the car, has already been introduced in a number of cities. Another way of dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and 6. _ (proper) control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus 7. _ (serve) for the final stage of their journey.Of course, the 8. _ (important) thing of all is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be 9. _ (rely) and convenient, with fares 10. _ an acceptable level.【Exercise 3】答案1. including 2. to persuade 3. it 4. who 5. fixed 6. properly 7. service 8. most important 9. reliable 10. at【Exercise 3】解析1. including。考查介词。including用于举例时，须放在它所说明的同位语之前。2. to persuade。考查非谓语动词。be difficult to do sth. 意为“难做某事”。3. it。考查代词。设空处作形式宾语，to use their cars是真正的宾语，故填it。4. who / that。考查关系词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词anyone，且在从句中作主语，故填who / that。5. fixed。考查非谓语动词。设空处作补足语，且fix与card之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填fixed。6. properly。考查副词。设空处修饰动词control，故填副词。7. service。考查名词。设空处作use的宾语，且由a special bus修饰限定，指特殊的公共汽车运输服务，故用名词。8. most important。考查比较等级。由of all可知，在此用形容词最高级。9. reliable。考查形容词。由and convenient可知，在此填reliable。10. at。考查介词。at a . level 意为“在程度上”。【Exercise 4】These days, meteorologists (气象学家) give us reasonably accurate weather forecasts. But what did we do before scientists used modern technology 1. _ (predict) the weather? Well, people looked at their surroundings to get clues about 2. _ the wea