【创新设计】高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 Unit15 Learning 北师大版必修5(1).docVIP

【创新设计】2015届高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 unit15 learning 北师大版必修5必考话题15语言学习()写 作 必 备基础词汇1benefit v受益2standard n. 标准3master v. 精通；掌握4fluent adj. 流利的5expression n. 词语；表达6vital adj. 极重要的7grasp v. 掌握8beneficial adj. 有益的9practise v. 练习10be popular with 受欢迎11attitudes to learning 学习态度12develop ones interest 培养兴趣提分句型1it must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.必须指出学习只能靠自己。2the more books we read，the more learned we become.我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。3when speaking english i often feel nervous.当讲英语时我常感到紧张。4only by doing so can you enlarge your vocabulary more easily.只有这么做，你才能更容易地扩大你的词汇量。5having a good knowledge of enghish can make our dream come true.掌握好英语能使我们梦想成真。 美 文 赏 析素材示例(2012辽宁卷)假定你是某中学的学生李华。请用英语给出版社的编辑写封信，表达你对现在使用的英语教材的看法，内容主要包括：优点：(1)话题广泛；(2)有助于提高学习兴趣。建议：适当降低词汇难度。注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；(3)开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。dear editor, as a student reader，i am writing to talk about the english textbooks published by your house._best regards，li huadear_editor，as_a_student_reader.i_am_writing_to_talk_about_the_english_textbooks_published_by_your_house. with more using of the english textbooks, we can find a lot of benefits in them which are worth praising.firstly there are a range of interesting topics chosen in them such as music，life，culture rather than only boring science or politics.moreover，you can also meet with a lot of colorful and meaningful pictures in the english textbooks which are very popular with us.interested in the pictures，we are eager to learn the texts and even do more work after class.we have collected some excellent pictures and are willing to share them with you if permitted.nevertheless, well as the english textbooks were written，we still find it difficult to master some words and expressions.i urge that adaptations be made so that we can have a better understanding of them.best_regards，li_hua1rather than而不是，通常用来连接并列结构。模拟we will have a meeting in the classroom rather_than in the great hall.我们是在教室里开会而不是在大厅里。2.well as the english textbooks were written，.此句是as引导的让步状语从句。模拟much_as_i_admire_him as a writer i dont like him as a man.他作为作家我虽然敬慕他，但作为人我不喜欢他。3urge催促，力劝；后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。模拟he urged that the_work(should)be_done more carefully.他催促工作应该更加细心地完成。.核心单词1_(adj.)值得努力的_(adj.)值得的_(adj.)值，值得n.价值2_(v.)怀疑_(n.)嫌疑犯；可疑对象_(n.)怀疑3_(vt.)区别，辨别_(adj.)卓越的，杰出的4_(vt.)缺乏，没有_(adj.)缺乏的，不足的5_(n.)(使用或见到的)机会，权利_(adj.)可使用的；可见到的6_(v.)赞成；认可；满意_(n.)赞成；批准7_(adj.)非传统的；另类的(n.)可能的选择；选择对象8_(vt.)反映；反射_(n.)反映9_(vt.)忽略；不顾10_(vt.)简化_(adj.)简单的_(adv.)简单地；朴素地11_(v.)指导，教导_(n.)指令，指示，教导12_(n.)惩罚，处罚_(vt.)惩罚13_(vt.)获得，得到_(adj.)后天的，获得的_(n.)获得，习得14_(vt.)力劝，强烈要求_(adj.)紧急的15_(v.)启发；鼓舞_(n.)灵感，启发_(adj.)受到鼓舞的_(adj.)鼓舞人心的16_(adj.)有用的，有益的_(n.)利益，好处17_(vt.)假定，假设_(n.)假定，假设18_(vt.)(使)适应_(n.)适应；改编答案1.worthwhile；worthy；worth2.suspect；suspect；suspicion3.distinguish；distinguished4.lack；lacking 5access；accessible6.approve；approval7.alternative 8reflect9.ignore10.simplify；simple；simply11.instruct；instruction12.punishment；punish13.acquire；acquired；acquisition14.urge；urgent15.inspire；inspiration；inspired；inspiring16.beneficial；benefit17.assume；assumption18.adapt；adaptation词不离句，句不离段i suspect his qualification of assignment and reputation.he often ignores other peoples instruction and gets punishment.assuming he is misunderstood，what do you think his reflection is?.重点短语1坦率地说_2裁员，解雇 _3因而自豪 _4在某种程度上 _5往往会，倾向于 _6建议，提出(计划) _7赞成，赞许 _8总的来说 _9go blank _10swell with _11aside from _12switch off _13set off _14to start with _15be accustomed to _16in conclusion _答案1.frankly speaking2.lay off3.be proud of 4to a certain extent5.tend to6.put forward7.approve of8.as a whole9.发呆，黯然10.充满11 除之外12.关闭13.使爆炸；引发14.首先，第一15.习惯于12 16.最后，总之小试身手，聚焦短语my father was laid_off last year and since then he has been doing parttime jobs.i approved_of your using my car, but you must return it on time.dont worry, youll soon be accustomed to living in the countryside.a teller from home set_off an attack of homesickness.aside from english, we learn chinese, maths and many other subjects in our school.经典句式1now im about to graduate from the school of continuing education at qinghua university with a bachelors degree in computer engineering by distance learning.如今通过远程教育我就要从清华大学继续教育学院毕业了，并会获得该院计算机工程学的学士学位。解读be about to do sth正要做某事模拟_(我正要出去)when one of my best friends came to visit me.2i decided that it was time i became an internet user.我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。解读its time (that).是时候了模拟its time that _(改善空气质量).3.sometimes i wish i could phone him and ask for his opinion！有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见。解读wish宾语从句模拟i wish that everything in nature_(能和谐共处)答案1.i was about to leave2.we improved/should improve the air quality3.could fit in with each other.必背句法虚拟条件句；wish和should have用所给词的适当形式填空1if she_(be) here this evening, we_(play) cards.2the flood_(cause) great damage to the people if we_(not, build) so many reservoirs.3if you_(speak) to him last time you saw him, you_(know) what to do now.4if you_(hesitate) this moment, you _(suffer) in future.5i wish i_(have) a chance to pay a visit to the moon.答案1.were；would play2.might have caused；hadnt built3.had spoken；would know4.hesitated；might suffer5.would have条分缕析，步步为营完成句子im in trouble now.if only i_your advice yesterday.我现在陷入麻烦了。要是我昨天听从了你的建议就好了。i wish i_a chance to pay a visit to the moon.我希望有机会去参观月球。i wish you_any mistakes.我希望你没有犯错误。i_the book last week，but i was so busy that i forgot to do so.我本来应该在上周归还那本书的，但我太忙了，把这件事给忘了。答案had followedwould havehadnt madeshould have returned词 汇 精 解suspect vt.怀疑；觉得(通常不用于进行时)nc嫌疑犯，可疑分子(教材原句)i suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well.我怀疑他们解雇我是因为公司做得不是那么好(1)suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做)某事suspect sb to be怀疑某人是suspect that.怀疑suspect sth怀疑某事(2)suspicion n怀疑，嫌疑suspicious adj.感觉可疑的，令人怀疑的he suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.(2013江苏卷，c)他怀疑这是在其他动物身上的进化导致的改变。having found many dead pigs in the river in jinhua of zhejiang, people began to suspect the safety of the drinking water.在浙江金华的河水中发现许多死猪后，人们开始怀疑饮用水的安全。we_the people on parade_his car made in japan.我们怀疑是游行者焚烧了他的日产车。答案suspected；of burninginstruct vt.指导，教导；指示，命令(教材原句)i got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the internet and i really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.我让孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢信息的传送和回复速度。(1)instruct sb in sth在方面指导某人instruct sb to do sth指示某人做某事instruct that sb (should) do sth命令某人做某事(2)instruction nu教导复数用法说明；指示，命令the driver acknowledged my instructions but did not move off.(2012福建卷)司机明白了我的要求，但他没有发动汽车。mum instructed me to deliver the box of sweets to my grandma.mum instructed that i_the box of sweets to my grandma.妈妈吩咐我把这盒糖果寄给我外婆。熟词生义i will instruct him whether to come today or tomorrow.a命令 b指导 c通知答案(should) delivercdistinguish vt.区别，辨别；使具有某种特征(教材原句)if the room hadnt been dark, he would have distinguished the two pictures.如果房间不是太暗的话，他就会辩认出那两张照片了。(1)distinguish between.分辨，区分distinguish.from.辨别与distinguish oneself表现突出(2)distinguished adj.著名的，卓越的，高贵的be distinguished for因而著称we could hardly distinguish the orangecolored spots of the kites.(2011浙江卷，d)我们几乎不能辨别那些风筝上的橙色斑点。the twins are so like, its difficult to distinguish one from the other.这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分辨谁是谁。mo yan_his good knowledge of literature.莫言因其文学知识丰富而成名。答案is distinguished forlack vt.& n缺乏，没有(教材原句)i know that i wasnt a willing student and i shouldnt have been so difficult at school, but it was probably because i lacked confidence in myself.我上学时不是一个特别上进的学生，我知道自己本来不该那么叛逆，但那也许是因为我太缺乏自信了。(1)lack sth缺乏/少某物(没有被动语态)(2)(a) lack of.缺乏for/through lack of因缺乏(3)lacking adj.缺少的，不足的(不置于名词前)be lacking in sth缺少某物its not that exercise makes you healthy；its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.(2013浙江卷，b)这并不是说运动使你身体健康，更多的是缺乏锻炼使你的身体就弱，容易受疾病侵袭。for/through lack of money the family couldnt send the boy to university.因为缺钱那家人无法送这男孩上大学。because she_training, she was afraid of making an exhibition of herself.她因缺乏训练而担心会出洋相。答案was lacking inaccess nu(使用或见到的)机会；权利；通道(教材原句)the thing about being a teacher is that you have access to childrens minds when they are open and eager to learn.作为老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。(1)access to进入，与会面gain/obtain/get/have access to有权进入，有权使用give access to接见，准许进入(2)accessible adj.易到达的，易接近的be accessible to对而言容易接近的；容易进入的 the only means of access to the house is a muddy track.进入这座房子的唯一通道是一条泥泞的小路。nobody but the head of the company has access to the secret office.只有公司的领导可以进入秘密办公室。medicine should not be kept where it_children.药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方。答案is accessible toworthwhile adj. 值得努力的(教材原句)and if what i do as a teacher can help turn a child like graham into such a successful adult, then i know what im doing is worthwhile.如果我作为老师所做的能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。its worthwhile doing/to do sth值得做某事he thinks it is never too late to challenge oneself to achieve something worthwhile.(2012广东卷基础写作)他认为挑战自己实现有价值的东西永远不会太迟。it is worthwhile _money developing childrens interest in music.花钱培养孩子在音乐方面的兴趣是值得的。词语辨析wothwhile, worth, worthyworthwhile“值得的”，指花时间去做某事是值得的，常用于it is worthwhile doing(或to do)sth句型中，但不能说：sth is worthwhile doingworth“值”，后接价值、数量词；“值得”，后接名词、代词或动名词(不能接不定式)，表示“很值得”时，前面加well修饰worthy“值得的”，be worthy of sth(或接动名词，须用动名词的被动语态形式)；be worthy to be donewhat has just happened is well_focusing on.it is also_of being thought about by everyone present.is it_to spend so much money on a wedding？we dont think it is_it at all.刚才发生的事值得关注。这件事也值得在座的每一个人思考。花这么多钱在婚礼上值得吗？我们认为根本不值。答案to spend/spendingworth；worthy；worthwhile；worthapprove v赞成；认可；满意朗文president obama said he hoped to get the congress to approve the treaty.奥巴马总统称，他希望美国国会将通过这个协议。(1)approve of赞成，赞许approve of sb doing sth同意某人做某事(2)approval nu赞成；批准meet with ones approval得到某人的同意though not everyone approved of the new dance, saying it was a little too shocking, the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.(2013安徽卷，e)虽然不是每个人都赞成新的舞蹈，说它有点过于糟糕，但舞蹈的确找到了足够的支持者使它能流行。i hope that the arrangements will_.我希望这些安排会得到你的同意。答案meet with your approvalurge vt.力劝，强烈要求，催促n.迫切的要求，强烈的欲望(教材原句)at first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison.起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德是错误的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。(1)强烈要求某人做某事urge sth on/upon sb向某人强调某事urge that sb (should) do sth力劝某人做某事(2)have an urge to do sth有做某事的强烈欲望we must urge upon you the importance of this matter.我们必须向你强调此事的重要性。what can we do to urge these lazy children to work hard?我们怎样才能催促这些懒惰的孩子们好好学习呢？the premier urged the local government to deal with the price problem immediately.(句型转换)the premier urged that the local government_the price problem immediately.总理敦促地方政府立即解决物价问题。答案(should) deal withassume vt.假定，假设；认为(教材原句)why did aristotle assume that the sun moved around the earth?为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？(1)assume sb/sth to be.假设/认为某人/某事是assume (that) 从句假设/假定assuming that.supposing/suppose that.假定its generally assumed that.普遍认为(2)assumption n假定；假想；担任(任务等)；承担we must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.we must assume that he is innocent until he is proved guilty.尚未证实他有罪，我们就得认为他是清白的。_the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money?假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？答案assuming thatadapt vt.&vi.(使)适应vt.改编(教材原句)for a start, it would be hard adapting to a new culture.首先，适应一种新文化是会很难的。(1)adapt (oneself) to适应adapt sth for sth改编为；使某事物适应或适合be adapted from由改编(2)adaptation n适应，改编(本)because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.(2013浙江卷，b)因为我们的身体适应我们对它们所做的一切。the film _his story.it mainly tells us his quick_to the new environment, and in fact at first he thought he couldnt_the changed environment.这部电影是根据他的故事改编的，它主要告诉我们的是他快速适应新环境的能力，事实上，他原认为他不能使自己适应变化了的环境。答案is adapted from；adaptation；adapt himself tolay off 裁员；解雇；停止(教材原句)three months ago, when my manager told me that i would be laid off, my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.三个月前，当经理告诉我将被解雇时，我的大脑一片空白，心里充满了愤怒。lay sb off解雇某人lay off sb解雇某人；停止打扰某人lay off sth停止使用某物lay off doing sth停止做某事provincial government has decided to lay off the agriculture tax on the areas hit by the flood and torrential rains.省政府决定免去被洪水和暴雨袭击地区的农业税。youd better lay off smoking for your health for a while.为了你的健康这会儿你最好不要吸烟。they have called back workers that they were forced to_during the recession.他们已经召回了在经济不景气时期被迫解雇的工人们。答案lay offaside from 除之外(教材原句)and aside from emailing, its fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the us on the icam.除了发电子邮件，能在网络眼上看到我在美国的孙辈并与之交谈也很有意思。(1)aside fromapart fromexcept (for)除之外(别无)(2)aside fromapart frombesides除之外(尚有)(3)except that除了in addition to除了之外还everything is quiet, aside from/except the occasional sound of a car in the distance.除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外，四周一片寂静。the essay is well written_few spelling mistakes.除了几处拼写错误外，这篇文章写得很好。答案aside from/except forset off 出发；动身；(使)爆炸，引爆；燃放；引起(教材原句)i remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off.我记得他让我把一些粉末倒入火箭，然后让另一个学生点火使火箭发射出去。观察句子，写出下列黑体部分的含义the terrorists set off bombs in public places._be careful when you set off fireworks._youd better set off at once, because many miners are being trapped in the mine._panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling._set off/out (for)出发/动身(去)set about doing sthset out to do sth着手/开始做某事set up建立he set about doing his homework after supper every day.he_do his homework after supper every day.每天晚饭后他开始做家庭作业。答案(使)爆炸燃放出发，动身引起set out to句 式 诠 释(教材原句)i decided that it was time i became an internet user.我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。本句中含有“its(high/about)time that”句式，意为“到做某事的时候了”。其中从句的谓语动词要用动词的过去式或者“should动词原形”的虚拟语气，但should不可省略。its time(for sb)to do sth(某人)该做某事了its time for sth该，到的时候了it is/was the first/second time that现在完成时/过去完成时i think that it is (high) time that you made up your mind to study.我认为到了你下决心学习的时候了。it is the first time that i_the birds nest.这是我第一次参观鸟巢。答案have visited(教材原句)sometimes i wish i could phone him and ask for his opinion!有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见。wish后跟从句时常用虚拟语气，表达不太现实或不太可能实现的愿望。i wish i could fly to the moon one day.我希望有一天我能飞到月球上去。wish后面从句中的谓语动词形式为：wisheveryone wishes we would have a more harmonious society.大家都希望有一个更加和谐的社会。i_ a bird flying in the sky.我希望我是一只在空中翱翔的小鸟。she wished she hadnt wasted so much time.她后悔的是她当时要是不浪费那么多时间就好了。答案wish i were对 点 题 组.用所给词的适当形式填空1he doesnt _(approval) of my leaving school this year.2she turned a deaf ear to the _(instruct) given by her teacher.3they_(suspect) him of giving false evidence to the police.4it is generally_(assumption) that stress is caused by too much work.5the movie is_(adaptation) from th