语法精练主谓一致必修 4 unit 1.doc

语法精练-主谓一致必修 4 unit 1Subject-Verb agreement (主谓一致)【命题趋向】高考考察一些特殊名词在主谓一致情况下的形式，如改错,单选等题目。【基础知识】一、主谓一致的三个原则所谓一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称数、性等方面的协调关系。主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。一个句子中主谓一致有三种基本原则：语法一致；意义一致；就近一致。1)语法一致：指句中的动词要和它的主语在语法形式上保持一致。其最基本的规则是：单数主语需要用单数动词复数主语需要用复数动词。如：No further explanation has been given by them so far 。到目前为止，他们还没有作出进一步的解释。2)意义一致：从意义上看眼处理主谓一致关系，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志。如：主语的语法形式为单数，但表示单数意义，谓语动词往往用单数。如：Bread and butter is what little John enjoys. 小约翰喜欢吃涂有黄油的面包。(主语加虽有and ，但应作为一个整体看待，即“涂了黄油的面包”。)3)就近一致：即谓语动词的人称和数往往与最近的主语保持一致。如：-Not only the students but also teachers should make full use of their time to improve themselves. 不仅学生而且老师也要充分利用时间提高自己。二、主谓一致用法应用时注意的问题： 1)当主语为表示“距离”，“时间”,“长度”，“价值”，“金额”，“重量”，“容量”等复数名词时，可以将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Six months is too short a time to learn a language . 六个月时间太短，不能学会一门语言。Twenty dollars is what he needs. 20美元是他所需要的。2)主语后跟with (together with ), as well as ,like ,but ,besides, except, rather than ，along with , no less than, more than, as much as, besides, including, in addition 等引导的词组时，谓语动词的数随主语而定。Tom ,together with his friends, is going to the park. 汤姆和朋友要去公园。No one except (but)you knows about the matter. 除了你没人知道这件事。3)当主语是each , every one of ,everyone, someone, something ,anyone , anything , none, nothing ,another, neither, little, a little ,much 等，谓语动词用单数。Nothing is difficult if you put your heart to it .世上无难事，只怕有心人。Much of what you have said has nothing to do with the topic. 你所说的大多与题目无关。4)单数名词作主语，若前面被many a ,more than one 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Many a pupil is busy preparing their lessons. 许多学生在准备他们的功课。More than one book has been published on the local economy。有关本地经济的许多书籍已经出版。5)当中心词是 all, some , any , enough, most , half , the rest , the great part of 等时，其主谓一致一般遵循意义一致原则：如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义支，动词则用单数。Most of the buildings were damaged in the tsunami. 大部分建筑物在海啸中遭到损坏。Half of the apple has gone bad. 这只苹果的一半坏了。6)由并列连词 eitheror,neithernor,not only but also ,notbut 等连接两个主语时，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。Either you or I am going to be sent there. 你和我都要被派往那儿去。Not the teacher but his two classmates have helped to settle it .是两个学生帮肋解决的。不是老师。7) a number of 与 the number of a number of 表示“许多”，修饰可数名词，谓语动词用复数，可以用great, large 等修饰；the number of 意为“的数量”，谓语动词用单数。如：A great number of students have passed their final examinations.许多大学生已通过了最后的考试。The number of students who have passed the examinations is increasing .通过考试的学生数量在增加。8)下列短语与单数名词连用时，谓语动词用单数。A great deal of ,a lot of ,lots of , plenty of ,a quantity of ,quantities of ,a large amount of 等。A large amount of money is spent on food every year. 每年有大量的资金都用在食物上。9)由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语，若名词前有 every, each, no, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl of the school takes an active part in physical training.学校的一位男女生都积极参加健身。No teacher and no student is admitted to the information center except on weekdays .只有在周末老师和学生才充许到信息中心。10)单复数相同的名词，如sheep , fish , deer ,swine , means 等作主语时，谓语动词的数必须根据具体意义而定。The sheep is drinking there .那只绵羊正在那儿饮水。The sheep are very fat .这些绵羊很肥。 11）单个的动名词，不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。 12)集合名family, class, crew, crowd, group, committee, audience等作主语时, 如果指整体而言,谓语用单数;如果指个体而言则用复数。 people, police, cattle 等作主语时,谓语用复数。 13)某些以s结尾的名词,physics, maths, news, the United States作主语时,谓语用单数。 14) “the+adj”结构中, the rich, the blind, the dead, the deaf 等作主语时,谓语用复数而表示抽象概念或个别事物时,the unknown(未知的事物), the unexpected(出乎意料的事情) ,谓语用单数。 15)kind type/ form of+ n 作主语时,谓语根据kind/ type/ form的形式而定; half/ the rest /the majority of+n/n.s作主语时,谓语根据名词的数而定; the majority 作主语,谓语可单数也可是复数。 16) there be 结构中,谓语根据最近的名词的数而定。 【考题例解】1.Onethirdof thecountry _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _black people. （湖南卷）A is ; are B is ; is C are ; are D are ; is【解析】本题考查主谓一致的用法。根据第一空前的主语Onethirdof thecountry表示单数，第二空前的主语trees and the majority of the citizens表示复数，故本题选A。2.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. (安徽卷) A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】本题考查主谓一致的用法。根据空格前的the rest of which指代materials和句子的谓语动词used可知本题选D。3.Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. （湖南）A. is B. are C. has D. have【解析】根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项。所以答案是C。4.Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of whose works，however，some difficult to understand（四川）Aare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis：are【解析】考查主谓一致。主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。5.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress. （全国）A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of .为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选B 。6.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. (山东) A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 【解析】本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。所以答案是C。7.Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer. (陕西)A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是Dr. Smith，表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer，表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时，选A。8.The teacher together with the students _discussing Reading Skills that _newly published in America. (四川17) A. are; wereB. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是The teacher together和Reading Skills，故本题选D。9.Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (湖南)A. are B. is C. have D. be【解析】考查主谓一致的用法。Either or. 连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。One of your students 谓语应用单数形式。所以答案是B。10.Did you go to the show last night? (陕西)Yeah.Every boy and girl in the areainvited.A.wereB.have been C.has beenD.was【解析】主语是every boy and girl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was，即D选项。【小试身手】请从下列各题后的A、B、C、D中选出一个最佳答案：1. A survey of the opinions of expertsthat three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for ones health. A.show; areB.shows; isC.show; isD.shows; are2. After World War II, Australia began to transform itself into the modern country _ today.A. as it is B. as they are C. as it does D. as they do3.WHO, together with the medical workers in the different parts of the world ,_ trying to find a way to prevent the disease H1N1 from _.A. is; spreading B. are; spreading C. are ; spread D. is ; spread4._my brothers are reporters. Covering events, meetings, or sports meetings_ their duty. A. Each; areB. Both; isC. Neither; areD. None; is5.Every day the boy, together with his classmates, _to go to the playground and _ football, _themselves. A. are noticed; play; enjoyingB. is noticed; plays; enjoyingC. are noticed; plays; enjoysD. is noticed; play; enjoying6.Every possible means _to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is used B. are used C. have been used D. has been used7.Janet as well as the other young people who _ sent abroad by the government _ brought up in a small town. A. was, was B. was, were C. were, were D. were, was8.He is going to give a lecture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decidedC. isnt being decided D. arent decided9.Nobody but doctors and those _ by Dr Zhang _ to enter the patients room. A. invited; is allowed B. are invited; are allowedC. being invited; is allowed D. being invited; are allowed10.The number of children who have lost both parents to Aids to rise, reaching more than 26 million in 2010. A. are expected B. expect C. is expected D. expects11. of the city two small lakes.A. The east；lie B. The east；lies C. East；lie D. East；lies12.All possible means ，but we cant persuade him to change his mind Ahas tried Bhas been tried Chave tried Dhave been tried13.A certain number of tourists _ complaining about the high accommodation price during the last month.A. isB. areC. has be