湖北省武汉市高考英语一轮完形填空和阅读理解选练（8）.doc

湖北省武汉市2016高考英语一轮完形填空和阅读理解选练（8）完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项a、b、c和d中，选出最佳答案。 the question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. before 1 this question, it will be useful to introduce some 2 concepts. conflict, 3 as opposition among social units-or individuals-directed against one another, is4 from competition, which 5 opposition among social units 6 seeking to obtain something which is 7 inadequate supply. competitors may not know about one another, which those who 8 in a conflict do. conflict and competition are both 9 of opposition. the meaning of opposition has been stated as a process by which social unit function in the disservice of one another, opposition is 10 contrasted to cooperation, a 11 by which social units function in the service of one another. these 12 are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited 13 , but conflict isns. conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur and is probably an essential and desirable 14 of human societies. many authors have 15 their arguments that war cannot be avoided on the idea that in the struggle for existence among groups of animals, only those which are best 16 remain alive. in general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. those who fail in this competition 17 starve to death or are 18 by other types of animals. this struggle for 19 is not similar to human war, but is like the competition of 20 for jobs, markets, and materials. the most important quality of this struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are not enough to satisfy all.( ) 1. a. considering b. solving c. answering d. saying( ) 2. a. related b. used c. translated d. sacred( ) 3. a. specified b. remarked c. defined d. claimed( ) 4. a. variable b. distinguished c. various d. isolated( ) 5. a. acknowledged b. denies c. assumes d. means( ) 6. a. critically b. approximately c. independently d. costly( ) 7. a. on b. for c. with d. in( ) 8. a. enter b. participate c. fall d. involve( ) 9. a. formations b. classes c. terms d. reactions( ) 10. a. nevertheless b. however c. thus d. maybe( ) 11. a. procession b. standard c. process d. measurement( ) 12. a. accounts b. definitions c. descriptions d. explanations( ) 13. a. resources b. origins c. sources d. materials( ) 14. a. matter b. element c. event d. coincidence( ) 15. a. concentrated b. fixed c. centered d. based( ) 16. a. encouraged b. accepted c. adapted d. adopted( ) 17. a. not only b. either c. neither d. both( ) 18. a. killed b. raised c. fired d. surrounded( ) 19. a. resistence b. privilege c. favour d. employment( ) 20. a. workers b. officials c. individuals d. residents1.a 考虑这个问题之前，有必要介绍一些与之相关的概念。2.a “相关的概念”，应用related。3.c define, “解释”，“下定义”，后面经常接as; specify,“指定”，“指明”。the regulations specify that you may use a dictionary in the examination。规则指明考虐时可用字典。remark,“说”。claim,“要求承认某人之身份，所有权”。does anyone claim this umbrella?有没有人认领这把伞？ 冲突，指的是社会单位，团体或个人之间的对抗。它与“竞争”不同。竞争指的是社会单位间为夺取一种不足够的供应而进行的对抗。4.b distinguish from区别，不同；variable与vaious(多样的)后面一般不接from; isolated“与隔离开来”。5.d 对前面competition的解释，“意味着”。6.c critically批判地；approximately大致地；independently 独立地；不受控制地；costly形容词，昂贵的。根据文中含义，“竞争对手各自寻求物质，所以才会有冲突”。所以此外选c为宜。7.d in short(inadequate) supply“缺乏的”为固定搭配，一般不用其它介词。8.b enter in登记姓名，细节等。例：enter in an item in an accountbook将一笔账记入账本；fall in陷入，例fall in love with sb. involve in“卷入”，一般为卷入某个事件；participate in参与。 竞争者们可能彼此不了解，而冲突者们则熟识对方。9.b formation,构成;terms,术语;reactions,反映;classes在此处指“种类，类别”。冲突和竞争都属于对抗。10.c 选这类连接副词时，关键是弄清句与句之间意义关系。上句讲到对抗就是彼此不服务。这句讲到合作就是彼此服务。他们之间连接词自然就是“因此”了，因此他们相反。对抗与合作相反。合作指的是社会单位互相服务。11.c procession队伍，行列；standard标准；process过程；measurement衡量。上句中谈到对抗是彼此不服务时，用的是“a process by which social.”,此处与上句这部分结构完全相同，就可套用process一词。12.b accounts叙述；definitions，定义，概念；descriptions,描述；explanations，解释。文章第二句话是第一自然段主题句：介绍几个概念，然后作者分别介绍。本题中用these definitions“这些概念”则与上文浑然一体。对这些定义的理解非常必要，因为有必要强调，个人或团体之间的竞争在这个资源有限的世界是难免的，而冲突则是可免的。13.a resource资源，指国家、人类或个人所拥有的人力及物力，例：we must exploit the natural resources of our country. 我们必须开发本国的天然资源。source指河的源头：the source of nile尼罗河的发源地。source还指出处，来源，例：the news comes from a reliable source.这项消息出自可靠的来源。origin起源，the origin of a quarrel 争吵的起因。此空前为a world of limited一个有限资源的世界，因此选a。14.b 冲突很可能发生，它可能是人类社会必不可少、值得得到的要素。15. d base.on. 把建立在上。16.c 只有那些适应（能力）强的才活下来。17.b 看到or就会想到either; not only.but also; neither.not.,both.and都是固定搭配。在竞争中失败的动物，要不就是饿死，要不就被别的动物杀死。18.a 由前句starve to death和or可知，此处应同death意义相近。19.a 为生存的抗争不同于人类战争。20.c 由后面的jobs, markets and materials可知，此处应填“个人”。 workers, officials和residents（居民）都以偏概全。阅读理解。an idea that started in seattles public library has spread throughout america and beyond. the concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same tome.in addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. the idea came from seattle librarian nancy pearl who launched (发起）the if all of seattle read the same book project in 1998. her original program used author visits,study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other american cities, and even to hong kong.in chicago, the mayor(市长）appeared on television to announce the choice of to kill a mockingbird as the first book in the one book, one chicago program. as a result, reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city. across the us, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character. the only problem arose in new york ,where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. this may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns,where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved .or it may show that new yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.ultinatel was nancy points out,the level of sucicess is not meastured by how many people read a book,but by how many people are enriched by the process.or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.1.what is the purpose of the project launched by nancy?a.to invite authors to guide readers.b.to encourage people to read and share.c.to involve people in communnity service.d.to promote the friendship between cities.2.why was it difficult for new yorkers to carry out the projict?a.they had little interest in reading.b.they were too busy to read a book.c.they came from many different backgroundsd.they lacked support from the locat government3.according to the passage,where would the project be more easily carried out?a.in large communities with little sense of unityb.in large cities where libraries are far from homec.in medium-sized cities with a diverse populationd.in large towns where agreement can be quickly reached4.the underlined words“shared a word”in paragraph 5 probably mean a.exchanged ideas with each otherb.discussed the meaning of a wordc.gamed life experience d.used the same language5.according to nacy,the degree of students of the project is judged by a. the careful selection of a proper bookb. the growing popularity of the writersc.the number of people who benefit from reading.d.the number of books that each person reads.【参考答案】1-5、bcdac阅读理解。in the kitchen of my mothers houses there has always been a wooden stand（木架）with a small notepad（记事本）and a hole for a pencil. im looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book i am recommending to my mother. over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. surely it cant be the same pencil? the pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one. “im just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.” i say to her, walking bank into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “you still use a pencil. cant you afford a pen?” my mother replies a little sharply. “it works perfectly well. ive always kept the stand in the kitchen. i never knew when i might want to note down an idea, and i was always in the kitchen in these days.” immediately i can picture her, hair wild, blue housecoat covered in flour, a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other, her mouth moving silently. my mother smiles and says, “one day i was cooking and watching baby pauline, and i had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty. one of the children must have taken the paper. so i just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back. it turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem i was working on.” this storywhich happened before i was bornreminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician. i feel embarrassed that i complain about not having enough child-free time to work. later, when my mother is in the bathroom, i go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks i recognize as mathematics. those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible（看不到的）exhibits at every meal.( ) 1. why has the authors mother always kept the notepad and pencil in the kitchen?a. to leave messages. b. to list her everyday tasks.c. to note down maths problems. d. to write down a flash of inspiration. ( ) 2. what is the authors original opinion about the wooden stand? a. it has great value for the family. b. it needs to be replaced by a better one. c. it brings her back to her lonely childhood. d .it should be passed on to the next generation. ( ) 3. the author feels embarrassed for _ a. blaming her mother wrongly. b. giving her mother a lot of trouble. c. not making good use of time as her mother did. d. not making any breakthrough in her field.( ) 4. what can be inferred from