外研版必修一第五单元.doc

高一英语必修一 第五单元精讲讲义必修一第五单元一单词荟萃1. _ n混合物mix v. 混合 _ adj. (男女)混合的2. _ n电 electrical adj.与电有关的， 用电的electric adj.电的， 发电的3. _ n结论conclude v推断出， 断定， 作结论4. _ n. 目标， 对准 v. 对准目标；打算aimless adj. 没有目标；无目的的5. reaction n反应， 回应 _ v反应， 作出回应6. equipment n设备， 装备 _ v. 装备， 配备7. _ adj. 吃惊的；惊讶的 _ adj. 令人吃惊的 astonish v使惊讶astonishment n. 惊讶二短语检测91使有条理2想起， 考虑3弄清楚， 弄明白4把加到5使不进入， 防止进入6开始做， 着手干， 进行吧7安静点8过去常常9在过去的二十年里10要么要么11为感到骄傲12理应， 应当13.是.的两倍14.与.发生反应15.在上面，在顶端16.在下面，在底部三佳句再现1_ the earths surface is water.地球表面三分之二是水。2The earth is _ the moon.地球是月球的五十倍。3It is hard _ a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。4Im going to _ Montreal _ Ottawa University, as both _have good Physics Department. 我要么去蒙特利尔大学， 要么去渥太华大学， 因为两个大学都有不错的物理系。4 仿照例句写句子1. It is hard to think of a world without metals. 很难想象没有金属的世界。v 很难想象没有你的世界2. Different metals have different uses, for example, steel is used in cars, and iron is used in electrical equipment. .不同的金属有不同的用处，比如说，钢材用于制造汽车，铁用于制造电子设备。 v 不同物质（material）有不同的用处，比如说，木头过去常常被用来制造家具（furniture），木材曾经被用来制作纸张。3. When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances, for example, water and oxygen.当我们使用金属的时候，知道它们和不同物质的反应是很重要的，例如水和氧气。 v 当我们给别人建议的时候，知道他对你的建议的反应是很重要的。5 语法精讲1expand v. 膨胀， 扩大， 增强；扩展， 展开expansion n. 扩张， 扩展， 膨胀【易混辨析】expand和extend(1)expand vt.&vi. 强调“使(尺寸、数字或数量等)扩大， 增加， 扩大(活动范围)”。如：A tyre expands when you pump air into it. 如果你往轮胎里充气， 它就会膨胀。Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years. 我国的对外贸易近年来已有极大发展。(2)extend vt.& vi.强调“时间、空间等的延伸、延展”。如：The road extends for miles and miles. 这条路向远处绵延伸展。Can you extend your visit a few days longer?你能多停留几天吗？【活学活用】(1)Why not try to _ your story into a novel?你为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？(2)Metal _ when it is heated. 金属加热之后就会膨胀。 (3)The headmaster _ our holiday by four days. 校长将我们的假期延长了4天。2conclusionn. 结论， 推论；结尾， 结束(1)conclude v推断出， 断定， 做结论；(使)结束(2)come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论 jump to a conclusion 匆匆忙忙作出结论in conclusion 最后， 总之【活学活用】I _that hed been lying. 我断定他是在说谎。3balancen. 平衡v. 平衡； 权衡， 使保持平衡(1)keep/lose ones balance保持/失去平衡keep the balance of nature/ones mind保持自然界/心态的平衡(2)balance A against B 权衡A与B的重要性balance A with/and B平衡好A与B【活学活用】(1)We must learn to _. 我们必须学会平衡好工作与休息。(2)You have to _of living in a big city _ the disadvantages. 你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。4equipmentn. U设备， 装备(1)a piece of equipment一件设备(2)be equipped for 准备好， 对有准备be equipped _ 装备有， 配备有【易混辨析】equipment和facilityequipment 和 facility 都可译作“设备”， “器材”。(1)equipment 是不可数名词， 指用于某一特殊目的的东西供给品， 装备等(the tools, machines, clothes, etc. that you need to do a particular job or activity)。如：medical equipment(2)facility 是可数名词， 常用复数形式。facilities指为特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利， 包括设备、建筑物和服务等(rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose)。如：sports/leisure facilities【活学活用】(1)The government has given a lot of _ to our school. 政府已为我们学校配备了很多设备。(2)The room _air conditioners. 这个房间装有空调设备。(3)This is a fivestar hotel with fantastic _. 这是一家五星级饭店， 设施完善。5ordinaryadj. 普通的， 平常的；平淡无奇的【易混辨析】ordinary, common, usual和normal 四个词都含“普通的”意思。(1)ordinary(与众多同类的东西相比)强调“普通的”， “平淡无奇的”。 如： ordinary people like you and me像你我一样的普通人(2)common强调“因为常见而普通”， 也可指“共同的， 共有的”。如：common sense常识common efforts 共同的努力have sth. in common (with sb./sth.) 和有共同之处in common (with sb./sth.) 共同， 共有， 与一样Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。(3)usual 通常的， 惯常的， 强调“经常性或与习惯有关”。as usual 像往常一样She arrived later than usual. 她到得比平常晚。As usual, there werent many people at the meeting. 像往常一样， 来开会的人不多。(4)normal正常的， 常态的， 往往指“合乎某种标准的， 或在正常情况下应有的”。如：normal temperature 正常体温/温度above/below normal 标准以上/下return to normal 恢复正常【活学活用】(1)We were dressed up for the party but she was still in her _ clothes. 我们都为聚会乔装打扮， 但她仍然穿着平常的衣服。(2)Its _ to feel tired after such a long trip.长途旅行之后感到累是正常的。(3)Smith is a very _ last name in England. 在英国史密斯是很常见的姓。(4)Shall we meet at the _ time and place? 我们在老地方老时间见面好吗？ (5)_ many people, he prefers classical music to pop. 和许多人一样， 和流行音乐相比， 他更喜欢古典音乐。6.addto把加到add to增加add sth. up 把加起来add up to 总计为， 总数达；结果是add that 补充说【温馨提示】add to 表示“增加了”时， 后面常跟抽象名词， 如：add to our difficulties增加了我们的困难；而addto意思是“把加到”， 常跟具体的名词。另外add表示“补充说， 又说”时， 也是常考点， 需要重点记忆。【活学活用】(1)If you _ 4 _ 5, you will get 9.四加五等于九。(2)He wrote down the weight of each stone and _. 他把每一块石头的重量记下来， 然后把所有的重量加在一起。(3)Her graceful manner _ her beauty. 她优雅的举止增加了她的美丽。7.keep (sb.) out (of sth.)把关在外面； 阻止入内； 不参加； 不进去(1)keep away _ (使)远离， 保持距离keep off (使)避开；不(让)接近(2)keep _ 使保持、维持(在同一水平)；使不低落； 继续keep up with 跟上， 不落后keep _控制， 抑制；隐瞒；留/扣下；阻碍(某人)发展keep to the road/the point/ones promise 不偏离道路/主题/遵守诺言【易混辨析】keep away from, keep off和keep () out (of)keep away from与keep off意义接近， 但前者强调“保持距离”， 而后者强调“不接近， 不碰触”。 keep () out (of)则强调“保持在之外”， 还可以引申为“置身于之外， 不参与， 不干涉”。如：I told the children to keep away from the fire.我让孩子们离火远点。Keep your hands off me! 把你的手拿开， 不要碰我。Outside the room is a sign saying “Danger: Keep out.” 房间外面有个标志提醒“危险， 请勿入内”。【活学活用】用keep相关短语的正确形式填空(1)Food production is not _ population growth.(2)Youd better _ their quarrel. (3)The notice said “_ the grass.” (4)I got the feeling that he was _ something _ from us. (5)She was struggling to _ the tears. (6)When you are visiting the park, you must _its rules. (7)Do something to _ your spirits. 8go ahead说吧， 干吧， 开始做； 发生， 进行；走在前面， 先走go _ 违背， 对不利；与相反go all out to do/for sth. 全力以赴做某事go _ (时间)过去；依据， 遵循go down 下降， 降低go up 上升， (房屋)建立起来go on 继续；发生， 进行；(时间)过去go on with sth. 继续做某事go on doing 继续做(原来的事)go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)【活学活用】用go相关短语的正确形式填空(1) Do you mind if I open the window?No, _. (2) The building of the new bridge will _as planned.(3)The company will _ improve next years sales. (4)She was scared to _ her fathers wishes. (5)As the weeks _, I became more and more worried. (6)New buildings are _all around the town. 9used to do过去常常做某事 be/get used to (doing) sth.习惯于 be used to do 被用来做【易混辨析】used to 和would(1)used to多有“过去如此， 现在不这样”的对比含义， 不与一段时间状语连用。(2)would多表示过去习惯性的动作， 常与具体的时间状语连用， 或与often, sometimes或for hours连用。如：He would always be the first to offer to help. 他总是会第一个主动提出帮助。【注意事项】(1)疑问式：Used you to？/Did you use to？否定式： used not to/usednt to/didnt use to(2)used to 后的不定式可以承前省略到to, 但若后面是be, 则be需保留。如：He is not an actor. But he used to be. 【活学活用】(1) _ and take an hours walk before breakfast. 我过去常常早起， 并且在早餐前散步一小时。(2)He _ in the country. 他已习惯于住在乡下。(3)Bamboo _. 竹子可以被用来造纸。10.be proud of对感到自豪 be proud to do/that对感到自豪 take pride _ 以感到自豪；对感到得意【活学活用】(1)He _his childrens achievements.他为孩子们的成就感到骄傲。(2)_ your friend. 做你的朋友我感到骄傲。 11.be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求(按规则、惯例等)做某事， 理应Suppose/Supposing (that)假设， 如果(引导条件状语从句， 相当于if)【活学活用】(1)You _ here. 你不应该呆在这儿。(2)_, can we play the match indoors? 要是下雨的话， 我们在室内比赛行吗？ 12.It is hard to think of a world without metals. 很难想象一个没有金属的世界。句型公式It isadj. to do sth. 做某事【句式点拨】在该句型中it用作形式主语， 真正的主语为动词不定式。【相关拓展】(1)It isadj. for sb. to do sth.对于某人来说做某事在该句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点。常见的形容词有：easy, important, difficult, possible, necessary等。(2)It isadj. of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事在该句式中， 作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格或性质。常见的形容词有：kind, nice, good, honest, careful, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, rude等。(3)It isadj./n. that做某事it作形式主语， that从句作真正的主语。【活学活用】(1)_ to lose three pairs of glasses. 你丢了三副眼镜真是太粗心了。 (2) _ meet?我们非见面不可吗？(3) _ he didnt come to our party. 很遗憾他没来参加我们的聚会。13.The closer you are, the more youll see. 你靠得越近， 看到的就越多。句型公式“the比较级， the比较级”结构该结构表示“越就越”， 前面“the比较级”相当于一个条件状语从句。【温馨提示】该句型中， 比较级的后面如果修饰了名词， 则要把这个名词和比较级一起放到最前面， 后面跟句子的其余部分。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.你越努力， 取得的进步就会越大。【活学活用】The more careful you are, _in the experiment. 你越小心， 在实验中犯的错误就越少。课堂训练.单词拼写1You may imagine their _ (惊讶的) look when they find the room empty. 2The hotel has its own pool and leisure f_. 3I wonder how the audience r_ to his speech. 4Boats f_ in the direction of wind if they are not controlled. 5Its common sense that ice f_ when water freezes. .选词填空think of, add to, putin order, eitheror, be proud of 1Many words have _ this edition of the dictionary.2. _ you _ he is the next to be on duty.3Its hard _ a world without electricity. 4I _the achievements youve made these years.5Now its time for you to _ your life _.单项填空12010全国卷 The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. this B. that C. one D. it22011辽宁卷 I probably shouldnt have any more cake.Oh，_. It wont kill you.A. go ahead B. hold on, pleaseC. youre welcome D. thatll do3English is _ hard for me and Physics is _ harder. Aa little; a lot Ba lot; a littleCa bit; more Drather; a great deal of4In my opinion, life in the twentyfirst century is much easier than _ . Athat used to be Bit is used toCit was used to Dit used to be5. _ from a short story, the novel is very popular with children. AExpanded BTo expandCExpanding DTo be expanded6Long ago, the upper classes here spoke French while the _ people spoke English. Aordinary Bnative Clower Dsimple7In the near future, China will increase supply of smaller houses, _ to help lowincome families to buy houses of their own.AaimsBbeing aimedCaimingDhaving aimed8The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather _ the helplessness of the cre