托福阅读自然科学篇：大象的嗅觉.docx

托福阅读自然科学篇：大象的嗅觉在托福阅读之前，先来学习一下文章中的疑难词：Sniff n. 吸，闻；气味vt. 嗅；闻；发觉Sniff Out发现；寻找Distinguish v. 区分；辨别hostile n. 敌对adj. 敌对的landmine n. 地雷ranch n. 大农场；大牧场Scratch n. 擦伤；抓痕vt. 抓；刮TNT-sniffing 嗅弹的wary adj. 谨慎的；机警的orphan n. 孤儿adj. 孤儿的Earmark n. 特征；耳上记号vt. 在耳朵上做记号cull vt. 精选；采集(鲜花等)；剔除roam n. 漫步，漫游；流浪vt. 在漫步brethren n.兄弟们，同胞；同党，会友alleviate vt. 减轻，缓和retaliation n. 报复；反击；回敬好了，开始阅读吧!Can Elephants Amazing Sense of Smell Help Sniff Out Bombs大象惊人的嗅觉可发现炸弹Elephants have 2,000 genes for smell, the most of any animal on Earthmore than twice those of the domestic dog and five times more than those of humans, according to a 2014 study in the journal Genome Research.美国科学杂志Genome Research上刊登的2014年的论文称大象约有2000个嗅觉基因，是地球上拥有最多嗅觉基因的动物是狗的两倍，人类的5倍。A previous study in Kenya found that elephants can distinguish which tribe a person belongs to by their smell, and will actively avoid those from tribes that have been hostile toward them.肯尼亚曾有研究称，大象可以通过人身上的气味来辨别他属于哪个部落，以此避开那些曾经伤害过它们的部落。And in postwar Angola, elephants have been observed avoiding landmine fields, possibly because they can smell the mines underground.在战后的安哥拉，可以看到大象能够躲避雷区，这也许就是因为它们可以嗅到地雷的味道。At the Adventures with Elephants ranch, a safari business about 100 miles (160 kilometers) from Pretoria, owner Sean Hensman knows how smart and skillful the giant mammals can be.在距离比勒陀利亚大约100英里的冒险主题大象.农场 ，主人亨斯曼很了解这种巨大的动物有多么聪明，多么灵巧。We are only scratching the surface of what we know about this animal, says Hensman.Their intelligence, scent, and communication abilitiesits really exciting.“我们对它们的理解其实还只是表面上的，它们的智慧，嗅觉以及交流能力真的太激动人心了，” 亨斯曼说。Ethical Questions伦理问题Though the TNT-sniffing elephants wont be put on the front lines, Joyce Poole, an expert in elephant behavior and co-founder of the conservation group ElephantVoices, is wary of any research that involves captive elephants.大象行为专家，ElephantVoices团体创立者乔伊斯普尔表示，尽管这些“嗅弹象”不会被安排在前线，我们也应该谨慎对待有关被逮捕大象的研究。Elephants do have an amazing sense of smell, and it is possible that orphan elephants raised with kindness might be able to do some extraordinary work for humans, says Poole, a National Geographic explorer. But, she cautions, people working with the animals need to be careful not to unknowingly harm them.国家地理探险家普尔表示，“大象确实有很好的嗅觉，而且很有可能那些被小心照顾的孤儿象能够为人类做一些额外的事情。”但是，她告诫大家，在和这些大象一起工作的时候，要注意不要无意伤害到它们。Hensman insists that his elephantsall of which were either earmarked for culling or were going to be shot as problem animalsare happy at his farm, where they spend their days roaming a 7,400-acre (3,000-hectare) area, interacting with tourists and working with researchers who visit the farm.亨斯曼强调，他的大象都是那些标上记号要剔除或者因为做了“坏事”要被杀的象，它们在占地7400英亩的农场里漫步，和游客互动，和那些来这里做研究的科学家一起工作，它们过的很舒服。And the U.S. Armys Lee argues that using elephants for research could actually help their wild brethren.美国军队的李表示研究大象实际上帮助到了他们野外的同胞。A better understanding of elephants can help alleviate conflict in areas where there is human pressure on the animals, he says.他表示，“对大象了解的越多，可以缓和一些地方人类对动物的伤害。”In highly populated areas, elephants can be dangerous, and encounters between the animals and people have increased as more people move into elephant habitat.在人口众多的地方，大象是危险的，而且人类越来越多地进入大象的地盘增加了人与象之间的正面交锋。More than 200 people were killed by elephants in Kenya over the past seven years, according to the conservation group WWF, and sometimes people will kill the animals in retaliation.据WWF统计，过去的7年里，在肯尼亚已经有超过200人被大象杀害，有时候人类因为报复也会杀害大象。一起分析一下文章中的长难句：1.A previous study in Kenya found that elephants can distinguish which tribe a person belongs to by their smell, and will actively avoid those from tribes that have been hostile toward them.句子类型：宾语从句+定语从句句子拆分：主干：A previous study found that宾语从句：that elephants can distinguish (which tribe a person belongs to) by their smell, and will actively avoid those from tribes (that have been hostile toward them).中间穿插两个定语从句：(which tribe a person belongs to)和(that have been hostile toward them)翻译：肯尼亚曾有研究称，大象可以通过人身上的气味来辨别他属于哪个部落，以此避开那些曾经伤害过它们的部落。2.Hensman insists that his elephantsall of which were either earmarked for culling or were going to be shot as problem animalsare happy at his farm, where they spend their days roaming a 7,400-acre (3,000-hectare) area, interacting with tourists and working with researchers who visit the farm.句子类型：插入语+宾语从句+定语从句句子拆分：主干：Hensman insists that插入语：all of which were either earmarked for culling or were going to be shot as problem animals，做elephants的定语修饰成分宾语从句：that his elephants are happy at his farm定语从句：where