时态和语态50题及语态难点.doc

时态和语态50题及语态难点许昌县三高英语组从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. - Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. - You _ something. A. have left B. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left 2. - I _ so busily recently that I _ no time to help you with your math. - Thats OK. I can manage it by myself. A. have been working; have B. have worked; had C. am working; will have D. had been working; had had 3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me. A. are writingB. will write C. has writtenD. write4. He _ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him. A. will speakB. is going to speak C. had to speakD. was going to speak5. - I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you.- Oh, I _ myself. A. am talking toB. talked about C. have talked toD. was talking to 6. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. play7. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _ in a radio factory at that time. A. had worked B. has worked C. was working D. has been working8. - What _ when I phoned you? - I _ my work, and I wanted to go out. A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finished C. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing; had just finished9. - Have you finished the report? - No. I _ it all this week. A. will do B. had done C. have done D. have been doing10. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out. A. had wornB. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing11. - We _ that you would fix the TV set this week.- Im sorry. I _ to fix it this week, but Ive been too busy. A. had expected; had intended B. are expecting; had intended C. expect; intend D. expected; intend12. - Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty! - Mum, I _ my storeroom downstairs. A. cleaned B. have cleaned C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning13. They wont buy new clothes because they _ money to buy a new house. A. save B. are saving C. have saved D. were saving 14. The traffic in our city is already good and it _ even better. A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting15. - I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow. - Im sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I _ my guests in my office. A. is being metB. will meet C. will be meetingD. will have met 16. - Alice came back home the day before yesterday.- Really? Where _? A. has she been B. had she been C. has she goneD. had she gone 17. I know Mr. Brown; we _ to each other at an international conference. A. are introduced B. are been introduced C. were introduced D. had been introduced18. - Where do you think _ he _ the computer? - Sorry. I have no idea. A. has; bought B. 不填; bought C. did; buy D. 不填; buys 19. Dont bother to look for my dictionary- it _ some day. A. turns up B. has turned up C. will turn up D. is going to turn up 20. - What do you think of this kind of TV set, which _ in Shanghai?- Well, I dont care about such things. A. was made B. is made C. has been made D. had been made21. - Did he notice you enter the room? - I dont think so. He _ to the radio with his eyes shut. A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened22. The plane _ at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest. A. has left B. would leave C. will have left D. leaves23. The train _ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine oclock tonight. A. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going 24. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _ coffee. A. preferB. preferred C. had preferred D. am preferring 25. The vegetables didnt taste very good. They _ too long. A. had been cooked B. were cooked C. have cooked D. cooked 26. - Remember the first time we met, Jim? - Of course I do. You _ in the library. A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read27. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I_ the cloth _ well. A. have told; washes B. have been told; washes C. was told; washed D. have been told; is washed28. - Is Tom still smoking? - No. By next Saturday he _ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette. A. will be B. will have gone C. will have been D. has been going 29. - _ Betty this morning? - Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon. A. Have you seen B. Will you see C. Do you see D. Did you see? 30. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never _ him talk so much. A. I heard B. did I hear C. I had heard D. had I heard31. - Look at the black clouds. It _ soon. - Sure. If only we _ out. A. is raining; didnt come B. is to rain; wont start C. will rain; havent started D. is going to rain; hadnt come 32. He _ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he _ about forty articles. A. has been writing; has written B. has been writing; wrote C. is writing; has been writing D. has written; has written 33. She _ to the office than she got down to writing the report. A. has no sooner got B. had hardly got C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got34. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work. A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come35. - Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. - No, I _. A. dont B. do C. wont D. will 36. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _. A. finished what I was doing B. finished what I did C. would finish what I was doing D. finish what I did37. You wont know whether the coat fits you until you _ it on. A. will try B. have tried C. tried D. are trying38. My dictionary _. I have looked for it everywhere but still _it. A. has lost; dont find B. is missing; dont find C. has lost; havent found D. is missing; havent found39. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave40. - How are you planning to travel to Shanghai? - I _ yet, but I _ taking a train. A. didnt decide; am considering B. havent decided; consider C. havent decided; am considering D. hadnt decided; have considered41. - Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour? - Of course. What is it? - I _ if you could take me to the station. A. would wonder B. did wonder C. was wondering D. had wondered42. - Got your driving license?- No. I _ too busy to have enough practice, so I didnt take the driving test last week. Im going to next week. A. was B. have been C. am D. had been43. With the development of science, more new technology _ to the field of IT. A. has introduced B. is being introduced C. is introduced D. was introduced44. - Whos the man over there? - Its Jack. - Oh? _ in Italy. A. I think hes B. Ive thought hes been C. I thought he was D. Id thought hed been45. - I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you werent in.- I _ regular exercises at the club. A. did B. was doing C. had done D. have been doing46. - Each of the students, working hard at their lessons, _ the book. - So have I. A. is reading B. has read C. reading D. reads47. The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then he _ a cold. A. has caught B. is catching C. will catch D. does catch48. It is when the plane _ that youd better find out at the booking office. A. would take off B. had taken off C. was taking off D. is taking off 49. - Im sorry, but theres no smoking on this flight. - Oh, I _ that. Sorry, I wont again. A. dont know B. didnt know C. wont know D. havent known50. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned(I)被动语态的概念 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，如：People grew rice in this area some years ago.被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，如：A new swimming pool will be built on our school. (II)被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称，数，时态和语气的不同而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：1. 一般现在时 am/is/are+V(p.p) 人们利用电能运转机器。 Electricity is used to run machines. 2.一般过去时 was/were + V(p.p) Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday. 3.一般将来时 will/shall +be+V(p.p) A sports meeting will be held next week. 4.过去将来时 should/would +be+V(p.p) We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown. 5.现在进行时 am/is/are +being+V(p.p) A house is being painted. 6.过去进行时 was/were +being+V(p.p) A cake was being made when I came into the kitchen. 7.现在完成时 have/has +been+V(p.p) His work has been finished. 8.过去完成时 had +been+V(p.p) The book had been translated into English by the end of last month. 9.将来完成时will have +been+V(p.p) 2,000 words will have been learned by the end of next year. 10. 过去将来完成时would have +been+V(p.p) I was told that they would have been taught by Mr. Br 注：1.含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+be+V(p.p)”构成。如： The machine must be operated with care. 2.含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语，变成被动语态时，分别用“be going to +be +V(p.p)”和“be to+be+V(p.p)”。如： The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting. 3.被动语态除常用be加过去分词构成外，还可用“get+过去分词”结构。这种结构多用在口语中。如The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. 4.被动语态没有完成进行时态，也没有将来进行时态，如果要将这些时态的主动结构变为被动结构，可以用完成时态或一般将来时态来表示。如： 他已被检查过了。He had been being examined. 通常用He has been examined.来代替。 当我们到那儿时他将正被检查。He will be being examined when we get there.通常用He will be examined when we get there. (II)主动形式表被动意义 在下列情况中，谓语形式是主动的，但具有被动的含义。 1.转化为系动词的感官动词+表语 The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来很可口。 The idea sounds good.这个主意听起来不错。 2.有少数及物动词转化而来的不及物动词，常见的有：cut, lock, open, read, sell, shut, wash,wear, write等。此时句子的主语一般是物，而且这些动词常和表示行为的状语，如：well,easily或与否定词连用构成否定句。如： The apples sell well.这些苹果很好卖。 The door wont shut.这门关不上。 注：含有这类动词的句子也可写成被动语态的句子，但含义不同。主动语态表示现状，被动语态则侧重某一动作的发生。 The clothes wash well.这些衣服很好洗。 The clothes arent well washed.这些衣服没好好洗。 3. 某些动词以物作主语时，其进行时也可表被动意义。 The dinner is cooking. 正在烧饭。 The book is printing.书正在印刷中。 4.一些固定句型表示被动含义 a. be worth doing sth The film is well worth seeing.这部电影很值得一看。 b. have/ get sb/sth done have作使役动词没有被动语态，但可用这种结构表被动或使役。 I had my watch stolen.我的手表被偷了。 c. sth need/want/require doing=sth need /want/require to be done The room needs cleaning.=The room needs to be cleaned.这间房屋需要打扫。 d. to be under/in +抽象名词 The railway is under construction.这条铁路正在被修建。 e.一些不定式 1）There be There are a lot of things to do.有许多工作要做。 (2)不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，且句子主语是不定式动作的执行者。 I have a lot of things to do.我有许多事情要做。 (3)动词不定式前有表性质的形容词，且动词不定式中的动词与句子主语有动宾关系。 The question is easy to answer.这个问题很容易回答。 (4)当不定式修饰buy, get, give等动词的直接宾语，而间接宾语是不定式的逻辑主语时 I bought him a story-book to read.我给他买了本故事书看看。 (5)在 “This(that) is +名词”的句型中，修饰表语的不定式用主动形式表被动。 This is a hard question to answer.这是个很难回答的问题。【被动表主动】1.be seated坐着,就座,(seat oneself)2.be hidden躲藏 (hide oneself)3.be lost迷路 4.be drunk喝醉 5.be dressed穿着6.be faced with面对7.be fed up with对极其讨厌8.be taken ill生病 9.be located/situated at/in/on坐落于,位于(in是在范围之内,on是接壤,at也是在范围之内,不过一般指很小的地区)【eg】1.He is seated on a bench.He seats himself on a bench.他坐在凳子上.Please be seated,ladies and gentlemen!女士们,先生们,请就座!2.He was hidden behind the door. He hid himself behind the door.他藏在门后.3.He was lost in the forest.他在森林里迷路了.4.Its not respectable to be drunk on the street.在大街上醉倒是不体面的.5.The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.这个女孩穿着一件红色的短裙.6.We are faced with a lot of problems but well win through in the end.我们面临许多问题,但终将获得成功.7.I am fed up with his laziness and carelessness.我受够了他的懒惰和粗心.8.She fell ill/was taken ill suddenly.她突然病了.【介词toV-ing.的短语】1.动词+介词to+动名词(1)admit to doing sth承认做了某事(2)apply to doing sth适用于做某事(3)object to doing sth反对做某事(4)see to doing sth负责做某事(5)stick to doing sth坚持做某事(6)take to doing sth喜欢上做某事,逐渐习惯做某事(7)be addicted to doing 沉溺于,对上瘾2.动词+宾语+介词to+动名词(1)apply oneself to doing sth专心致力于做某事(2)devote sthto doing sth把献给做某事(3)devote oneself to doing sth献身于做某事(4)limit sthto doing sth把限制在做某事的范围内(5)reduce sb.to doing sth使某人沦为做某事3.动词+名词+介词to+动名词(1)give ones life to doing sth献身于做某事(2)give ones mind to doing sth专心做某事(3)have a dislike to doing sth厌恶做某事(4)have an eye to doing sth注意做某事(5)have an objection to doing sth反对/反感做某事(6)pay attention to doing sth注意做某事(7)set ones mind to doing sth决心做某事4.be+形容词+介词to+动名词(1)be equal to doing sth等于做某事,能胜任做某事(2)be used to doing sth习惯于做某事(3)be opposed to doing sth反对做某事(4)be reduced to doing sth使某人沦为做某事(5)be devoted to doing sth把时间/钱/精力等献给 (6)be limited to doing sth把限制在做某事的范围内5.其他结构+介词to+动名词(1)get down to doing sth开始做某事,认真处理某事(2)look forward to doing sth盼望做某事(3)What do you say to doing sth?你认为做某事如何？ 答案及部分解析：1-5 BADDD 6-10 DCDDD 11-15 ADBDC 16-20 BCBCB21-25 BDDAA 26-30 ABBAD 31-35 DADCC 36-40 ABDDC 41-45 CDBCB 46-50 BDDBC1. 进行时态与always, all the time等连用，表示习惯性行为，且带有浓厚的感情色彩。此处可理解为“你总是丢三落四的”。2