前后缀词根表(较完整版,供查阅).doc

前缀、后缀、词根总结英语单词构词法前缀1. 表示否定意义的前缀(1) 纯否定前缀前缀举例a-, an-asymmetry (不对称), anhydrous (无水的)dis-dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n-none, neither, nevernon-nonsenseun-unable, unemployment(2) 表示错误的意义前缀举例male-, mal-malfunction, maladjustment (失调)mis-mistake, misleadpseudo-pseudonym (假名), pseudoscience(3) 表示反动作的意思前缀举例de-defend, demodulation (解调)dis-disarm, disconnectun-unload, uncover(4) 表示相反、相互对立的意思前缀举例anti-, ant-antiknock (防震), antiforeign (排外的)contra-, contre-, contro-contradiction, controflow (逆流)counter-counteraction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith-withdraw, withstand2. 表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀前缀含义举例a-在之上、向aboard, asideby-附近、邻近、边侧bypath, bypasscircum-, circu-周围、环绕、回转circumstance, circuitde-在下、向下descend, degradeen-在内、进入encage, enbedex-, ec-, es-外部、外exit, eclipse, expand, exportextra-额外extractionfore-在前面forehead, foregroundin-, il- im-, ir-向内、在内、背于inland, invade, inside, importinter-, intel-在间，相互international, interaction,intro-向内、在内、内侧introduce,medi-, med-, mid-中，中间Mediterranean, midpositionout-在上面，在外部，在外outline, outside, outwardover-在上面，在外部，向上overlook, overhead, overboardpost-向后，在后面，次postscript (附言), postgraduatepre-在前，在前面prefix, preface, prepositionpro-在前、向前progress, proceedsub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-在下面，下subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplementsuper-, sur-在之上superficial, surface, superstructuretrans-移上，转上，在那一边translate, transform, transoceanicunder-在下面，下的underline, undergroundup-向上，向上面，在上upward, uphold, uphill3. 表示时间、序列关系的前缀前缀含义举例ante-, anti-先前，早于，预先antecedent, anticipateex-先、故、旧ex-president, ex-husbandfore-在前面、先前、前面foreword, foretellmid-, medi-中，中间midnight, midsummerpost-在后，后postwarpre-, pri-在前、事先、预先preheat, prewar, prehistorypro-在前、先、前prologue (序幕), prophetre-再一次、重新retell, rewrite4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀前缀含义举例by-副、次要的byproductextra-超越、额外extraordinaryhyper-超过、极度hypersonic, hypertensionout-超过、过分outdo (超过), outbidover-超过、过度、太overeat, overdress, oversleepsub-, suc-次、低、副、亚subeditor, subordinate, successionsuper-, sur-超过supernatural, superpower, surplusunder-低劣、低下undersize, undergrownvice-副、次vice-president, vice-chairman5. 表示共同、相等意思的前缀前缀含义举例com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-共同、一起combine, connect, coexistsyn-, syl-, sym-同、共、和、类synthesis, sympathy6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀前缀含义举例al-完整、完全alone, almostover-完全、全overall, overflow (充满)pan-全、总、万panentheism (泛神论), panorama (全景、概论)7. 表示分离、离开意思的前缀前缀含义举例a-, ab-, abs-分离、离开away, apart, abstract, abstainde-离去、除去depart, decolourdis-, di-, dif-分离、离开disarm, divorceex-, e-离开、分离expel, exclude, expatriatefor-离开、脱离forgive, forgetre-离开release, resolvese-分离、隔离separate, seduce, select8. 表示通过、遍及意思的前缀前缀含义举例dia-通过、横过diameter, diagramper-, pel-通、总、遍perfect, perform, pervade (浸透)trans-横过、贯通transparent, transmit, transport9. 表示加强意思的前缀前缀举例a-arouse, ashamedad-adjoin, adhere (粘着)10. 表示变换此类作用的前缀前缀举例be-befriend (帮助、扶助)en-enslave, enable, enrichad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign11. 表示数量关系的前缀前缀含义举例mono-, mon-单一、一monotone, monopoly, monarchambi-, bi-, di- twi-二、两、双ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle, diode, twilightdeca-, deco-, dec-, deci-十decade, decimalshecto-, hect-, centi-百，百分之一hectometer, centimeterkilo-千、千分之一kilometermyria-, myri-, mega, meg, micro-万、万分之一myriametre, megabyte, microvoltmulti-, mult-, poly-许多、复、多数multipmetre, polysyllablehemi-, demi-, semi-, pene-, pen-半、一半hemisphere, demiofiicial, semiconductor, semitransparent, peninsula12. 表示特殊意义的前缀前缀含义举例arch-首位、第一的、主要的architect, archbishopauto-自己、独立、自动automobile, autobiographybene-善、福benefiteu-优、美好eugenics (优生学), euphemismmale-, mal-恶、不良maltreatment, malodormacro-大、宏大macroscopic (宏观)magni-大magnificentmicro-微microscope13. 表示术语的前缀前缀含义举例aud-听、声audiencebio-生命、生物biographyge-地球、大地geographyphon-声、音调phonographtele-远离television, telephone英语单词构词法后缀1. 名词后缀(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人后缀含义举例-an, -ian地方的人，精通的人American, historian-al具有职务的人principal-ant, -ent者merchant, agent, servant, student-ar的人scholar, liar-ard, -art做的人coward, laggard, braggart-arian派别/主义的人，humanitarian, vegetarian-ary从事的人secretary, missionary-ate具有职责的人candidate, graduate-ator做的人educator, speculator-crat某种政体、主义的支持者democrat, bureaucrat-ee动作承受着employee, examinee-eer从事于的人engineer, volunteer-er从事某职业的人，某地区、地方的人banker, observer, Londoner, villager-ese国人，地方的人Japanese, Cantonese-ess阴性人称名词actress, hostess, manageress-eur家amateur, litterateur-ian地方人，信仰教的人，从事职业的人Christian, physician, musician-ician精通者，家electrician, magician, technician-icist家，者，能手physicist, phoneticist, technicist-ic者，师mechanic, critic-ie爱称，指小diaries, auntie, lassie-ier从事职业cavalier, clothier, brazier-ine, -ina阴性人称heroine, ballerina-ist从事研究者，信仰主义者pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist-ive动作者，行动者native, captive-logist学家，研究者biologist, geologist-or者author, doctor, operator-ster做事情的人youngerster, gamester, songster-yer从事职业者lawyer(2) 构成具有抽象名词的含义后缀含义举例-acy性质、状态、境遇accuracy, diplomacy-age状态、行为、身份及结果、总称courage, storage, marriage-al事物的动作、过程refusal, arrival, survival, denial表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal-ance, -ence性质、状态、行为、过程、总量、程度endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience-ancy, -ency性质、状态、行为、过程frequency, urgency, efficiency-bility动作、性质、状态possibility, feasibility-craft工艺、技巧woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft-cracy统治、支配bureaucracy, democracy-cy性质、状态、职位、级别bankruptcy, supremacy-dom等级、领域、状态freedom, kingdom, wisdom-ery, -ry行为、状态、习性bravery, bribery, rivalry-ety性质、状态variety, dubiety-faction, -facture作成，化、作用satisfaction, manufacture-hood资格、身份、年纪、状态childhood, falsehood-ice行为、性质、状态notice, justice, service-ine带有抽象概念medicine, discipline, famine-ing动作的过程，结果building, writing, learning-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition行为的过程、结果、状况action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction-ise性质、状态exercise, merchandise-ism制度、主义、学说、信仰、行为socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism-ity性质、状态、程度purity, reality, ability, calamity-ment行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument-mony动作的结果、状态ceremony, testimony-ness性质、状态、程度goodness, kindness, tiredness-or, -our动作、性质、状态favor, error-osity动作、状态curiosity-ship情况、性质、技巧、技能及身份、职业hardship, membership, friendship-th动作、性质、过程、状态depth, wealth, truth, length, growth-tude性质、状态、程度latitude, altitude-ure行为、结果exposure, pressure, failure-y行为的结果、状态、性质glory, history, inquiry(3) 带有场所、地方的含义后缀含义举例-age住所、地点village, cottage-ary住所、场地library, granary-ery, -ry工作场所、饲养地、地点laundry, nursery, surgery-ory工作场所、住处factory, dormitory, laboratory(4) 表示学术、科技含义后缀含义举例-grapy学，写法biography, calligraphy, geography-ic, -ics学，法logic, mechanics, optics-ology学，论biology, zoology, technology-nomy学，术astronomy, economy-ery学科、学术chemistry, cookery, machinery-y学，术，法photography, philosophy(5) 表示人和事物的总和，集合含义后缀举例-agebaggage, tonnage-domnewspaperdom-hoodneighbourhood, womanhood-rycavalry, ministry-urelegislature, judicature(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义后缀举例-ant, -entsolvent, constant-alsignal, pictorial-arcollar, pillar-erboiler, computer, washer, cooker-erydrapery-ingclothing, matting-mentinstrument, equipment, attachment(7) 表示“细小”的意思后缀举例-cleparticle-culemolecule-elparcel-enchicken, maiden-etpocket, ticket-etta, -ette, -ettocigarette-kinnapkin-lingduckling-letbooklet-ybaby, doggy2. 形容词后缀(1) 带有“属性、倾向、相关”的含义后缀举例-able, -iblemovable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible-alnatural, additional, educational-an, -aneurban, suburban, republican-ant, -entdistant, important, excellent-arsimilar, popular, regular-arymilitary, voluntary-ic, -atic, -icalpolitic, systematic, physical-inemasculine, feminine, marine-ingmoving, touching, daring-ishfoolish, bookish, selfish-iveactive, impressive, decisive-orysatisfactory, compulsory-il, -ile, -eelfragile, genteel(2) 表示“相像，类似”的含义后缀举例-ishboyish, childish-esquepicturesque-likemanlike, childlike-lymanly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly-sometroublesome, handsome-ymilky, pasty(3) 表示“充分的”含义后缀举例-fulbeautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful-ousdangerous, generous, courageous, various-entviolent(4) 表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义后缀举例-enwooden, golden, woolen-ousgaseous-ficscientific(5) 表示方向的含义后缀举例-erneastern, western-warddownward, forward(6) 表示“倍数”的含义后缀举例-bledouble, treble-pletriple-foldtwofold, tenfold(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义后缀举例-teenthirteen-tyfifty-thfourth, fiftieth(8) 表示国籍、语种、宗教的含义后缀举例-anRoman, European-eseChinese-ishEnglish, Spanish(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义后缀举例-ergreater-ishreddish, yellowish-esthighest-mostforemost, topmost(10) 其他的含义后缀含义举例-less否定countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀后缀含义举例-ize, -ise做成，变成，化modernize, mechanize, organize-en是成为，引起，使有quicken, weaken, soften, harden-fy使化，使成beautify, purify, intensify, signify-ish使，令finish, abolish, diminish, establish-ate成为，处理，作用separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀后缀举例-lypossibly, swiftly, simply-ward, -wardsdownward, inwards, upward-waysalways, sideways-wiseotherwise, clockwise英语单词构词法词根词根含义举例aer, ar空气，大气aeroplane, aerialag, act, ig做，动作active, agent, reactionalt高altitudealter, altern, altr其他，变更alternatebio, bi, bion生物，生命biology, bionicsbrev, bri, brief短brief, abbreviation, abridgecap, capt, cept, cip取，获capture, except, concept, capacityced, ceed, cess行，让步proceed, succeed, excesscentr中心concentrate, eccentricclain, claim呼喊claim, proclaim, exclaimclos, clud闭合conclude, enclose, includecol, cult耕耘colony, cultivate, agriculturecor, cord心cordial, record, accordcurr, cur, cour跑，动作current, occur, concurrencedic, dict说，示dictate, edit, indicate, predictdoc, doct教doctor, documentduc, duct引导、传导introduce, produce, conductfact, fac, fect, dic, dit做，创造factory, effect, profit, facultyfend, fens打，击defense, offencefer搬运，转移ferry, transfer, deferfin, finit终、极final, finish, confinefirm坚固firm, confirm, affirmfix固定prefix, affixflect, flex弯曲flexible, reflexflor, flour, flower花flower, flourishform形uniform, formula, transform, reformforc, fort力，强度force, enforce, effortgen, genit生产，发生generate, generationgram, graph书写，记录telegram, diagram, photographgrad, gress, gred, gree步，阶段gradually, degree, progresshab, habit, hibit保持，住inhabit, exhibit, prohibither, hes粘附adhere, cohesionject, jet抛射project, injectjour日，一天journal, adjourn, journeyjug, junct结合，连合conjunction, junctionlabour, labor劳动，工作labourer, elabourate, collaboratelect, leg, lig挑选，采集collect, select, lecturelif, liv生活，生存life, aliveloc场所，位置location, dislocatelong, leng, ling长的length, prolong, lingerloqu, locut说话colloquial, eloquentmand, mend命令command, demand, recommendman, manu手，手法manage, manualmemor, member记忆memory, remember, memorialmind, ment心mind, remind, mentalmerc, merch贸易commerce, merchantmeas, mens, meter, metr测量，度量measure, meter, diametermin小diminish, minoritymiss, mit派遣，送mission, dismiss, transmit, missilemob, mot, mov动movement, motion, mobile, removenect, nex捆扎connect, disconnect, annexnot记号，注意note, denote, annotationonom, onym名字synonym, autonym, anonymouspair, par相同，对等compare准备preparepel, puls追逐expel, impelpend, pens, poud悬挂depend, independent, expensephon声音symphony, telephone, microphoneplac位置，场所place, replacepeopl, popul, publ人民，民众public, republic, popular, peopleport搬运export, import, deportpress压，压制pressure, express, oppress, impres