高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 环境保护类提分训练（真题集锦含解析）新人教版(1).doc

环境保护类passage 1 (2012北京d)wilderness“in wilderness(荒野)is the preservation of the world.” this is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism.the frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection:whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.as john sauven of greenpeace uk points out,there is a strong appeal in images of the wild,the untouched;more than anything else,they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly.the urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong,and the danger exploitation(开发)brings to such landscapes(景观) is real.some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans needthe rainforests,for example,store carbon in vast quantities.to mr.sauven,these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.lee lane,a visiting fellow at the hudson institute,takes the opposing view.he acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services,such as water conservation.but that is not,he argues,a reason to avoid all human presence,or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation.there are ever more people on the earth,and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives,rather than merely struggle for survival.while the ways of using resources have improved,there is still a growing need for raw materials,and some wildernesses contain them in abundance.if they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide,the argument goes,there is no further reason not to do so.being untouched is not,in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.i look forward to seeing these views taken further,and to their being challenged by the other participants.one challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly.and there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.this is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings,but also the guidance of reason.what position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.【文章大意】在资源日渐匮乏的今天,人们又将目光投向了人烟罕至的荒野之地。是开发利用,还是加以保护?人们给出了不同的观点。67.john sauven holds that .a.many people value nature too muchb.exploitation of wildernesses is harmfulc.wildernesses provide humans with necessitiesd.the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong【解析】选b。推理判断题。由第二段最后一句to mr. sauven, these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.可知答案。68.what is the main idea of para.3?a.the exploitation is necessary for the poor people.b.wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.c.useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.d.all the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.【解析】选c。段落大意题。本段的主题句是第三句but that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation.,句中的that指的是上文中的useful services。69.what is the authors attitude towards this debate?a.objective.b.disapproving.c.sceptical.d.optimistic.【解析】选a。观点态度题。本文作者只是客观地给出了几种不同的观点,并没有发表自己的看法。70.which of the following shows the structure of the passage?cp:central pointp:pointsp:sub-point(次要点)c:conclusion【解析】选d。篇章结构题。本文第一段先提出了全文的主题:是否该对荒野之地加以保护。第二、三段分别提出了保护和开发两种截然不同的观点。第四段提出了一个新的挑战:能否毫无害处地进行开发。最后一段给出结论。【长难句分析】while the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance.分析：本句是个复合句。while引导的是让步状语从句。主句是由and连接的并列句。译文：虽然资源的利用方式已经得到了改善,但是对于原材料的需求还在增长,而且荒野之地在这方面储量丰富。passage 2 (2012山东a)the pacific island nation of nauru used to be a beautiful place. now it is an ecological disaster area. naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.for thousands of years, polynesian people lived on the remote island of nauru, far from western civilization. the first european to arrive was john fearn in 1798. he was the british captain of the hunter, a whaling ship. he called the island pleasant island.however, because it was very remote, nauru had little communication with europeans at first. then whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. these elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. a ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a british mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐) on the island. in fact, it found that the island of nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for farming. the company began mining the phosphate.a phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. when a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil. then it takes away the material it wants. strip-mining totally destroys the land. gradually, the lovely island of nauru started to look like the moon.in 1968, nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. in addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out. ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. by 2000, nauru was almost financially ruined. experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. this will probably never happen.【文章大意】原本环境优美的太平洋岛国瑙鲁由于磷酸盐的过度开采而陷入严重的环境危机中,其他国家是不是也能从中吸取教训呢?56.what might be the authors purpose in writing the text?a.to seek help for naurus problems.b.to give a warning to other countries.c.to show the importance of money.d.to tell a heartbreaking story of a war.【解析】选b。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知,太平洋岛国瑙鲁曾经环境优美,但现在却成为生态灾难区,其令人痛心的经历或许会让其他国家从中吸取教训。由此可知作者写本篇文章的目的是给其他国家一个警醒,故选b。57.what was nauru like before the europeans came?a.rich and powerful.b.modern and open.c.peaceful and attractive. d.greedy and aggressive.【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句话可知瑙鲁之前是一个漂亮的国家,因此很有吸引力(attractive);根据第二段中第一句话可知瑙鲁远离西方文明,因此很平静(peaceful),故选c。58.the ecological disaster in nauru resulted from .a.soil pollutionb.phosphate overminingc.farming activityd.whale hunting【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据文章第四段和第五段可知瑙鲁真正的灾难是磷酸盐的过度开采而导致的环境破坏。故选b。59.which of the following was a cause of naurus financial problem?a.its leaders misused the money.b.it spent too much repairing the island.c.its phosphate mining cost much money.d.it lost millions of dollars in the civil war.【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据最后一段的描述可知瑙鲁领导人很不明智地引进资金,结果却损失了大量的金钱,此外,领导人把大量的金钱用于个人消费,综合起来看就是瑙鲁领导人滥花钱,故选a。60.what can we learn about nauru from the last paragraph?a.the ecological damage is difficult to repair.b.the leaders will take the experts words seriously.c.the island was abandoned by the nauruans.d.the phosphate mines were destroyed.【解析】选a。推理判断题。最后一段告诉我们由于瑙鲁领导人的滥花钱,导致了财政危机,与此同时,磷酸盐开发殆尽,这种过度开发使得瑙鲁百分之九十的国土面积遭到破坏,专家认为要修复这片土地需要花费大量的金钱和超过二十多年的时间,或许瑙鲁根本就不可能恢复到以前的美丽。因此a项符合文章意思,生态破坏很难修复。【长难句分析】in fact, it found that the island of nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for farming.分析：it指代前句话中的british mining company;which is a very important fertilizer for farming是一个非限制性定语从句,其先行词是phosphate。译文：实际上,英国矿业公司发现瑙鲁岛地下几乎都是磷酸盐,这是用于农业生产的一种非常重要的肥料。passage 3（2011浙江卷 a）easter(复活节)is still a great day for worship,candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs,but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.and no,not because the kids like to pull their ears.the culprit is climate change,and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the us.take the lower keys marsh rabbit, for instance.an endangered species that lives in the lower florida keys,this species of cottontail is a great swimmerit lives on the islands!but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising sea levels.according to the center for biological diversity,an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat(栖息地)completely.the snowshoe hare,on the other hand,has a color issue.most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer,each designed to give them better cover from predators(捕食者).as the number of days with snow decreases all across the country,however,more and more bunnies are being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring,making them an easier mark for predators.researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight,but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question.the national wildlife federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.american pikas or rock rabbits,a relative of rabbits and hares,might be the first of these species to go extinct due to climate change.about 7-8 inches long,pikas live high in the cool,damp mountains west of the rocky mountains.as global temperatures rise,they would naturally migrate(迁移)to higher groundbut they already occupy the mountaintops.they cant go any higher.the national wildlife federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat heats up.the volcano rabbit has the same problem.these rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in mexico,and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters,but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher,so they are stuck in the middle. scientists are concerned about their populations.native to the us,pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the american west.they are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world.their habitats have been destroyed by development.several populations,such as the columbia basin pygmy,almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs.pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators,but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.all of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this easter.【文章大意】本文话题是关于全球气候变暖引发兔子生存危机的问题。41.the writer mentions easter at the beginning of the passage in order to.a.show the importance of easter dayb.introduce the issue about bunniesc.remind people of easter traditionsd.discuss the relationship between easter and bunnies【解析】选b。推理判断题。根据前两段可知,随着全球气温的逐年升高,兔子的生存境况日益糟糕。作者从复活节谈到兔子,主要是引出下文要讨论的问题,因为兔子与复活节有关。42.the word “culprit”(paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to.a.criminalb.judgec.victimd.producer【解析】选a。词义猜测题。根据文中“气候变化”、“对美国的至少五种兔子有害”可以判断“culprit”有“原因、肇事者”的意思。语境:不是因为孩子们喜欢拽兔子的耳朵。罪魁祸首是气候的变化。criminal罪犯;judge法官;victim受害者;producer制作人,生产者。43.according to the passage,some rabbits can now be easily discovered by predators because they.a.are exposed to more skillful hunt