名词的种类.doc

名词的种类专有名词国名、地点、人名等 America 美国，Shanghai 上海，the Great Wall 长城，Jenney (珍妮) 团体、机构的名称等 the United Nations 联合国，the Communist Party of China 中国共产党 普通名词可数名词个体名词 doctor 医生，teacher 老师，orange 桔子，desk 课桌 集合名词 Police 警察，people 人民，family 家庭，army 军队 class 同学不可数名词抽象名词 Time 时间fun 玩笑，kindness 善意，idea 主意，youth 青春 ， love 爱 ， knowledge 知识动名词studying doing swimming物质名词 rice 大米，water 水，fire 火，air 空气 1.there are by the lakea.two German b. two Germen c. two Germans d. two germans2.September 10th is a. Teachers Day b. Teachers Day c. teachers Day d. Teachers day3.Where are you from?Im from a. America b. American c. america d. an America4.There is some on the plate a.breads b.bread c.breades d. milk5.Tables are made of a. wood b. some woods c. wooden d. woods 表格： 一般名词复数构成法构成法例词一般情况下，在名词单数形式的词尾加sbool-books, day-days, desk-desks以s,x,，ch，sh，结尾的名词，在词尾加esclass-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, wish- wishes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变成i后加escity-cities, country-countries, factory-factories以f或fe结尾的名词，一般将f或fe变成v后，再加esleaf-leaves, wife-wives, life- lives, thief-thieves, knife-knivies, half-halves, shelf-shelves以辅音字母加o结尾的名词，一般在词尾加eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes1.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读s，结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。 例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces比如：I have many friends in my childhood 2.凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读iz。 例：busbuses; quizquizzes; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashesThere are many buses in the street3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读z。citycities countrycountries factory-factories 4.去f，fe 加ves，如：halfhalvesknifeknivesleafleaves wolfwolveswifewives lifelives thiefthieves；5. 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：加es，如：potatopotatoestomatotomatoes hero-heroes negro-negroes1. turn green in springa.leaf b. leave c, leaves d, leafs2 are very useful to pupilsa. radio b. radios c. radioes d. a radio 它们是：photophotospianopianos radioradioszoozoos； c. 均可，如：zerozeros / zeroes以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：如： Marys the Henrys（亨利的一家人） monkeymonkeys holidayholidays比较：层楼：storey storeys storystories 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时的一般情况的单词：加s，如 beliefbeliefsroofroofs safesafes gulfgulfs；c. 均可，如：handkerchief：handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化大家 先看一下这个表格（不可数名词复数的表格）某些名词的不规则复数形式构成法构成法例词变内部元音book-books, day-days, desk-desks词尾加(r)enclass-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, wish- wishes单复数同形city-cities, country-countries, factory-factories有些名词用于某一些含义时通常只有复数形式leaf-leaves, wife-wives, life- lives, thief-thieves, knife-knives, half-halves, shelf-shelves有些名词是单数形式，但一般作复数对待hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes1.变内部元音的单词：常见的主要有manmen womanwomen footfeet mousemice toothteeth注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women.The are operating him on his leg a. woman doctor b. women doctor c. woman doctors d.women doctors2.词尾加ren 的复数形式childchildren 3.单复数同形的名词，deer，sheep，fish， work, Chinese，JapaneseThe farmer has ten a. sheeps b. deers c. cows d. chicken3）集合名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，如：people、police、cattle 等本身就是复数，想说一个人，一个警察，一头牛，不能说a people a police a cattle但可以说：a person，a policeman，a head of cattle，Almost every family in the village a television.a. have b. having c. has d . have to All my family swimming 我全家都喜欢游泳a. like b,likes c. likeing d. like to4复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goodgoods货物，waterwaters水域，sweetsweets(糖果)等，比如electrical goods 电器商品. a goods train铁路货车等等。The English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如：The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans. 一、 名称 总称(谓语用复数）一个人 两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人the Australiansa Australian two Australians 俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanese two Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadian two Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes表格（复合词复数）复合名词变复数时有三种情况通常只将里面所包含的主体名词变成复数passer-bypassers-by(过路人), looker-onlookers(旁观者); brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law(姐夫)无主体名词者，在最后一个词上加复数词尾grown-upgrown-ups(成年人)由man或woman加一个其他名词构成的复合名词时，两个都变复数woman doctor-women doctors(女医生); man servant-men servants(男服务员)A piece of paper -two pieces of paper 两张纸A glass of orange juice-two glasse