英语分类句型1.doc

英 语 分 类 句 型Classified English Sentence Patterns武 汉 学 院 外 语 系 编64Contents一否定句句型 1. 一般否定句12. 特指否定句23. 部分否定句24. 全体否定句25. 延续否定句26. 半否定句37. 双重否定句48. 排除否定句59. 加强否定句6二、判断句句型 1. 一般判断句72. 强调判断句83. 弱势判断句84. 注释判断句95. 正反判断句96. 比较判断句107. 互斥判断句10三、祝愿祈使句句型 1. 一般祈使句102. 强语势祈使句113. 委婉祈使句114. 建议祈使句125. 祝愿句126. 揭示句137. 口号口令式祈使句13四、感叹句句型 1. How 和What引导的感叹句142. 副词虚助词引导的感叹句143. 回响感叹句144. 感叹词引导的感叹句145. 其他感叹句15五、疑问句句型 1. 一般疑问句162. 反义疑问句163. 特指疑问句164. 选择疑问句175. 间接疑问句176. 双重疑问句177. 修辞疑问句178. 回响疑问句189. 陈述式疑问句18六、数词句型 1. 各种数目概念表示法182. 年月日时表示法193. 年龄表示法204. 倍数表示法205. 分数减少表示法216. 计量表示法217. 加减乘除表示法228. 名量词与不定量数目22七、被动句句型 1. 基式被动句232. It引导的被动句243. 保留宾语的被动句244. 带主语补足语的被动句245. 双重被动句25八、关联指代句型 1. 两相关联252. 先后顺序263. 修饰限制274. 两相连接28九、比较句型 1. 等比句292. 差比句293. 极比句314. 比例句325. 择比句326. 对比句33十、比喻句型34十一、条件假设句型 1. 一般事实条件句352. 虚拟条件句373. 反是条件句374. 唯一条件句385. 推论条件句39十二、时间句型 1. 一般时392. 同时403. 限制时404. 交替时415. 先时416. 后时417. 紧接时428. 延续时43十三、地点句型 1. 一般地点句442. 方位句443. 地址句45十四、原因句型45十五、目的句型 1. 正面目的句472. 反面目的句48十六、结果句型48十七、程度句型 1. 带so和such的程度句492. 带too的程度句503. 其他程度句51十八、让步句型 1. 用连词的让步句型512. 倒装式让步句533. 由动词命令式构成的让步句534. 带疑问词的让步句545. 其他让步句54十九、限制句型55二十、省略句型 1. 简单句中的省略552. 并列句中的省略563. 复合句中的省略564惯用的省略58二十一、倒装句型与倒置词语 1. 主谓倒装602. 表语倒装613. 宾语倒装614. 复合宾语倒装615. 复合句中的倒装626. 冠词的倒置627. 形容词的倒置628. 同位语倒置639. 分词倒置6310. 固定短语中的倒置6311. 副词作定语倒置6312. 介词短语作定语倒置6313. 不定式作定语倒置63一否定句句型 1. 一般否定句句型1主语+特殊定式动词+not+行为动词或表语+其他1. China of today is not what it was thirty years ago.2. “Isnt that Teddy Thomson out?”“I think its him, but I cant be a hundred percent sure.”3. “Oh, sir, he cant have said such a thing! He cant have spoken like that to you, sir!”4. We must not wait for favors from Nature; we must take them from her.5. I havent finished the book yet. 6. Money could not buy happiness.注1 He is no fool. Great barkers are no biters.注2 二十四个特殊定式动词：句型2主语+do(does, did)+ not+行为动词+其他1. Sorrow doesnt buy bread. 2. Pure gold does not dread fire.3. “Why is Mr. Cooper so angry today?”“I dont know why.”4. “They did not steal so much.”“I dont care how much.” He said, “ A thief is a thief.”句型3主语+ 行为动词+ no/not+宾语+其他1. A rolling stone gathers no moss.2. Viola, hearing this, knew not how to behave, nor how to answer her.3. I know not what course others may take, but, as for me, give me liberty or give me death!4. We are fleet-winged men at arms; we fear not mountains high or rivers deep.句型4There be+ no/not/not any+主语(+状语)1. There was no well in the village at that time. 2. There is no call for hurry. 3. There is no accounting for tastes. (It is needless to say that/ It goes without saying that)4. There is no use (in) saying that. (Ref. What is the use of dong such a thing?/ Its no use (good)talking to him)5. Oliver Twist was born in a workhouse There were no aunts, no sisters, no cousins, no grand mothers.6. There is not a moment to be lost. 4. There is no holding back the wheel of history附注 一般否定句的其他表达方式：1. Who knows it? (=No one knows it.) Dare he do it? (=He dare not do it.)2. God only knows! (=No one knows.) As if I would allow it! (= I would certainly not allow it.)3. Catch me doing that!4. If I do I am a villain. (=I will not do.) Do that again if you dare.5. In Heaven, an angel is nobody in particular. They shun personal fame and gains. 6. The city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear weapon-free zone. The building is in a state of neglect. Your composition is free from mistakes.7. She stood still, trying winly (in vain) to answer the battery of questions raised by the reporters. 8. I dislike the idea very much. Mr. White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country. Yesterday she failed to get to school on time. The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt. They excluded children (from) getting in. Well forever live up to what the party expects of us. Avoid operating the keys roughly. She was refused admittance by them.9. Slips are scarcely avoidable when youre new to your work. He is ignorant of conditions at the levels. Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army pf the people. 10. The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. Lei Fengs noble deeds are above all praise. To do this is beyond my ability. He is out of the office. (= He is not in the office.) Tom is away from Cambridge. (= Tom is not at Cambridge.) It is far from perfect. That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination (or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination.) The truth is quite other than what you think. I know better than to quarrel. 2. 特指否定句句型5not+非谓语成分1. Not a soul was anywhere visible. 2. You must always remember not to become conceited.3. The teacher told his pupils not to make such a mistake again.4. I went to see him off, not to meet him. 5. We felt sorry for not coming on time句型6主语+否定式谓语+(宾语)+状语或从句(被否定部分)1. I dont think it is right to make such hasty decision. 2. Im not feeling very well today.3. I dont believe that he will come tomorrow. 4. You cant judge a thing only by its looks.5. Hes studying English now, but he doesnt speak English very well yet.6. People did not shake off colonialists yoke in order to put on hegemonists yoke.7. Dont think ill of me because I use her help. She gives it cheerfully as you see 3. 部分否定句句型7All, every等总括词not+谓语动词1. All is not gold that glitters. 2. All is not lost that is in peril.3. And yet all did not go smoothly between them, for the younger manhad his heart set on New York.4. I dont like both of the novels. 5. Every one cannot make music.6. Everybody, it is true, wouldnt like it. 7. Such a thing is not found everywhere.8. The good and the beautiful do not always go together.9. A man of learning is not always a man of wisdom. 10. I dont wholly agree.注 Some people like that sort of thing; Some dont. 4. 全体否定句句型8no, none等否定词+肯定式谓语+其他1. Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.2. No trickery can fool us. 3. None of my friends smoke.4. I could remember neither the name of the author nor the title of the book.5. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.6. The book was nowhere to be found. 7. Neither of the sisters is here.8. Never have we been daunted by difficulties.句型9主语+否定式谓语+不定代词或不定副词1. I do not know any of them. 2. I did not receive any letters yesterday.3. I dont like either of the novels. 4. Justice must not be denied to anyone.5. Did you go any where yesterday?No, I didnt go anywhere yesterday.6. Anyhow I shall not go today.注 不可说 “anybody cannot do it.” 只能说 “nobody can do it.”句型10All等概括词+肯定式谓语+含否定意义的单词1. All germs are invisible to the naked eye. 2. All his plans came to nothing.3. Both visitors are unwelcome. 4. Every plan made by him is impossible of execution.5. We all disbelieve in the existence of God. 6. Their quarrels are always interminable. 5. 延续否定句句型11（前句）否定句，+（后句）否定句1. “Oh, no, no, no and again no,” said Pinocchio. “I must be a good boy.”2. “Am I troubling you?”“no, not in the least.”3. I shall never do it, not under any circumstances.4. We must not think of him as a big, strong boy. Far from it!5. I dont know how much youve got, and I dare say you hardly know yourself, as it would take a pretty long time to count it.句型12(前句) 主语+否定式谓语，( 后句）not+ (同前)主语1. Ill not do such a thing, not I. 2. He will not break his word, not he.3. They will not be discouraged, not they. 4. Tom cannot speak Russian, not he.句型13(前句) 否定句，+ ( 后句）not/neither1. Frieda didnt go to the dance, neither did Fanny. 2. You cant do it, nor can anybody else.3. You did not see him, neither did I. 4. Are you not going? Neither am I.5. Oliver did not come that day, nor the next day; nor the next after that, nor for many, many days after.6. I know not what, nor where, neither what latitude, what country, what nation, or what river. I neither saw, nor desired to see any people; the principal thing I wanted was fresh water.注1 有时根据意义上的需要，下列句子是允许的。I thought of him (=I didnt forget him), nor did I forget you.注2 前句用little, hardly等半否定词，后句同样可跟延续否定句。The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.句型14（前句）否定句，+（后句）no/not/noreither(or)1. We are not in the wrong, nor (is) John either. 2. I cannot sing, I cannot dance, either.3. Mary has no brothers, no cousins, either. 4. I dont know it. You dont know either?5. China will not be a superpower, not either today or ever in the future.注 英语中“也”的概念在肯定句中通常用too, also或and as well句型15主语+否定式谓语，+ 增强语气词(much, still, even, far, a lot, a great deal 等)+ less +名词词组或从句表示“, 更不用说”。1. I could not assent to, much less participate in such proceedings.2. he dared not openly charge her with the attempt, much less punish her for it.3. He doesnt like music, still less dancing.4. I did not even see him, still less shake hands with him.5. I have no mind (idea) to lend this book to anyone, much less to part with it. (割爱)注 (much, still, even, far, a lot, a great deal 等)+more也用于追补某些未说完的内容， 但much more只用于肯定句，不能引导延续否定句。 如: I like music, much more dancing. He speaks French, much more English.Everyone has a right to enjoy his liberty, much more his life. 句型16主语+否定式谓语; +to say nothing of/ not to speak of/ not to mention+名词词组 主语+否定式谓语; let alone+名词词组或从句1. He does not know English, to say nothing of German or French.2. In old china there was hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an aviation industry.3. At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries.4. I dont know algebra or geometry, not to mention calculus.5. I never thought of it, let alone (或much less, still less) did I do it.注1 “not to say”与 “to say nothing of”, 意思相差很远。”not to say”是“不到”的意思，如：It is warm, not to say hot.注2 apart from; independently of (姑且不说) 如：Quite apart from (or independently of) saying a good deal of money in drawing illustrations myself, I derived much pleasure from it.6. 半否定句句型17主语+带hardly等半否定词的谓语+（其他）1. It scarcely matters. 2. I have hardly ever been out of London3. The downtown section of New York has hardly (almost not) a tree or a single blade of grass anywhere along the narrow dusty streets.4. He would hardly recognize his home town if he saw it now.5. We seldom hear such fine singing from school. 6. Little remains to be said.句型18半否定词+or/if +否定代词或否定副词+1. Few, however, if any, besides the King himself believed that Hermione was guilty.2. I saw little or nothing of him after you were gone.3. She seldom or never (if ever) made a mistake. 4. Mr. Morris seldom or never went out.5. Peter read little or nothing (little if anything) in summer vacation.7. 双重否定句句型19主语+否定式谓语+否定词/含否定意义的词+其他1. He doesnt lend his book to nobody. 2. You cant make something out of nothing.3. Ill take it then. Not for nothing. Ill give you something in return.4. I could not disobey him. Only one thing remained for me: to suffer and obey.5. He was never dissatisfied with my work. 6. Whats done cannot be undone.7. This captain took a fancy to my conversation, which was not at all disagreeable at that time.注 如果要用否定代词作主语，谓语要用肯定式。Nothing is changeless. Nothing is without his faults. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. 主语+否定式谓语+without+名词/动名词句型20(There be)+no+主语+词组或从句+without+名词/动名词 It (或名词) is+否定词语+不定式+without+名词/动名词1. We can live without food or water for some days, but without air we cannot live even a few minutes.2. At the beginning of learning English he could not speak it without making mistakes.3. There is no right to speak without investigation. 4. No gains without pains.5. (There is) No sweet without (some) sweat.6. Without revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement.7. Without knowledge of science and technology it is impossible to build socialism.8. It is impossible for your team to win without constant training.注1 由第二式的省略 “nowithout”进一步紧缩的结果，便产生 “nono” 简略式，主要用于谚语格言。例如：No pains, no gains. No law, no liberty. No investigation, no right to speak. Nothing venture, nothing have. （nothing是no的派生词）注2 “not without” 表示“不无”、“不是没有”的意思，是一种委婉的说法。例如：Not without reason / not without some doubt I have brought back your mannot without risk and danger.句型21主语+ cannot+help/ refrain /abstain from/ keep from/avoid/forebear/resist +动名词1. Though Laurence had promised Keith not to see Wanda, he could not help going to her.2. He (Shylock) could not help showing his pleasure. 3. I cant help admiring it whenever I look at it.4. I could not refrain from retorting to hear such a lie. 5. I cannot keep from laughing to hear such a story. (Ref. I cannot choose but believe him. 句型22主语+ cannot+but/ choose but/ help but+动词原形1. “You cannot but feel already that it is useless staying here you will have to go farther.”2. I can not but admire his courage. 3. We cannot (choose) but read books to increase our knowledge.4. They cannot but admit that in certain aspects of science and technology we are away ahead of them.句型23主句（否定结构）+从句（否定结构）1. Nothing was useful which was not honest. 2. Nothing can be wholly beautiful that is not useful.3. I have never committed one act that was not in the interests of my people.4. Bassanio, in his grief, replied that there was nothing he would not sacrifice.句型24(There be) No+ 主语+ but+ 谓语+ 其他1. There is no man but has his faults. 2. (There is) Nobody but has his faults. 3. No one but can do it.4. There is no rule but has exceptions. 5. There is nobody but knows this matter.句型25第一分句（否定式谓语）+but +第二分句（肯定式谓语）1. It never rains but it pours. (=It never rains without pouring.)2. I never see you but I think of my brother. 3. They never meet but they discuss this problem.4. She never comes but she brings something for the children.注1 汉语中的双重否定句译成英语时不一定用双重否定句。“知无不言，言无不尽。”- Say all you know and say it without reserve. “这样的人是没有不摔跤的。”- Such people are bound to trip and fall.注2 “so far fromnot”可用来表示双重否定。So far from reading the letter, he did not even open it. 别说读信了，他连信都没有打开。8. 排除否定句 句型26主语+谓语+ beyond/ beyond the fact that1. He did nothing beyond writing one letter.2. He did not really know what he was going to say, beyond that the situation demanded something romantic.3. Of Oliver Edwards, nothing, I believe, is known beyond the fact that he had been at Pembroke College with Johnson.句型27主语+谓语+ but/ but that/ barring1. No one knows it but you and I. 2. He did nothing but wait for the result. 3. I have no secret of success but hard work.4. I couldnt see but that the soldiers would fight and die for the sake of their country. 5. Who but he would do such a thing?6. The meeting will be held next Tuesday barring unforeseen factors.句型28主语+谓语+except/ except that/ except for/ excepting/ 1. Everyone is ready except you. 2. No man ever became great or good except through many and great mistakes. 3. Except a living man there is nothing more wonderful than a book.4. We lay there along time in silence, except that Webb groaned every now and then.5. She is absolutely alone except for her son.6. All the splendid furniture of his late residence had been sold, excepting his wifes harp.句型29主语+谓语+apart from/ aside from/ exclusive of/ with the exclusion of1. Apart from the question of expense, it is too late. 2. Aside from this statement, he refused to talk.3. The building will cost about 2,500,000 Yuan, exclusive of the machinery equipment.4. The Canal system in China is the most extensive in the world with the exclusion of Netherland.句型30主语+谓语+save/ save that/ save for/ saving/ saving that1. I do entreat you, not a man departs, save I alone, till antonym has spoken.2. In this life we get nothing save by effort.3. At this hour the great tunnel was quiet save when a train roared above.4. All is lost save honor. 5. Saving his eyesight, he was as well as ever.6. The bar was empty save for the landlord.7. Saving that he failed in Latin, he did well.句型31主语+谓语+only that/ other than1. I have nothing against him, only that I dislike his manner.2. “Is anything the matter with Madeline?” “No, papa, only I have got a headache.”3. It was fortified on all sides other than this.4. You will generally suffer for wishing to appear other than what you are; whether it be greater, or more learned.注1 besides和apart from兼有“除外”和“包括”的意思。I care for nothing besides (apart from) this. (多用于否定句)Apart from (Besides) English, he is also well versed in Russian. (多用于带有also等副词的肯定句)注2 in addition to有“包括”的意思, 如: In addition to Johns being blamed for this, he was blamed also for breaking the window. 9. 加强否定句句型32主语+强调词语+否定词+谓语动词+其他1. Hurling insults and threats is certainly not fighting. 2. It simply will not do!3. We must not become complacent over any success.4. We absolutely must not relax our will. 5. The nature of wolves will never change.6. Without the Communist Party I should assuredly not be w