实用高中英语短语与句型词典.doc

实用高中英语短语与句型词典about1. be about sth 忙于做某事，在干某事。如：What are you about? 你在干(忙)什么? He knew what he was about. 他知道自己在干什么。2. be about to do sth(1) 即将，马上(不与具体时间状语连用)。如：Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 他正要上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了起来。(2) 打算，有意(主要见于美国英语中，且主要用于否定句 如：Im not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借给他任何钱。Im not about to stop when Im so close to success. 现在我已接近要成功了，我不打算放弃。above1. above all 首先，最重要的是。如：Above all, he was not honest. 最重要的是他不诚实。But above all tell me quickly what I have to do now. 但现在首先要告诉我要去做什么。2. be above one (ones head) 太高深，无法理解。如：The book is above the boy. 这个孩子读不懂这本书。The lecture was above the heads of most students. 这个讲座大部分学生理解不了。3. get above oneself 自高自大，自命不凡。如：Dont get above yourself. 不要自以为了不起。Now he is getting far above himself. 他现在有变得狂妄了。absence1. in (during) ones absence / in (during) the absence of(1) 当某人不在时。如：Please look after my house in (during) my absence. 我不在的时候，请照看一下我的房子。In the absence of the manager, I shall be in charge. 经理不在时，由我负责。(2) (由于)缺乏某物，在缺乏某物的情况下。如：Plants cannot exist in the absence of oxygen, nor can animals. 植物在无氧情况下不能生存，动物也是一样。He was forced to accept it as true in the absence of other evidence. 由于没有别的证据，他只好认为那是真实的。2. absence of mind 心不在焉。如：Absence of mind may have bad results. 心不在焉可能会导致糟糕的结果。absent1. be absent from 不在，缺席。如：He was absent from the meeting. 他没有参加会议。比较(注意介词不同导致含义的变化)：He is absent from Beijing. 他不在北京(而在别处)。He is absent in Beijing. 他不在这里而在北京。2. absent oneself from 缺席，不在。如：He absented himself from the meeting. 他没有出席会议。Why did you absent yourself from class yesterday? 你昨天为什么没来上课? accident1. by accident 偶然地，无意中。如：I found it by accident. 我是无意中找到它的。Columbus discovered America by accident. 哥伦布偶然发现了美洲大陆。注：by accident 主要用作状语，有时也用作表语。如：Our meeting in Paris was by accident. 我们在巴黎见面是个巧合。2. by accident of 因为的机会，由于的运气。如：By accident of birth, he was rich. 他有幸生在富裕家庭。3. without accident 平安无事地。如：That night passed without accident. 一夜平安无事。The ship arrived there without accident. 船平安到达那儿。according1. according as 根据，随而定(后接从句)。如：Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献。You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 根据你工作的好坏，你会得到表扬或批评。According as you are studying now, you wont make much progress. 根据你现在学习情况来看，你不会有多大的进步。2. according to(1) 根据，按照(主要引出状语)。如：Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。According to my watch it is five oclock. 照我的表，现在是五点钟。Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。注：according to 后一般不接 view(看法)和 opinion(意见)这类词，也不接表示第一人称的代词(me, us)。如：依我看，这部电影很不错。正：In my opinion, the film is wonderful. 误：According to my opinion, the film is wonderful. 误：According to me, the film is wonderful. (2) 合乎，符合(主要引出表语)。如：It is not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜欢颂扬。account1. by (from) all accounts 据说，据报道，根据各方面所说。如：He is a great football player, from all accounts. 据说他是个很不了起的足球运动员。Ive never been there but it is, by all accounts, a lovely place. 我从未去过那地方，但听说那地方很好。2. on account of 因为，由于。如：He couldnt come on account of his illness. 他因病不能前来。On account of holiday our store will be closed tomorrow. 由于明天是假日，我们商店停止营业。3. on all accounts (on every account) 总之，无论如何。如：On all accounts you must go. 总之，你一定得去。It is best to stay here on every account. 总之，留在这儿是最好的。4. on no accounts 绝不，无论如何都不。如：My name must on no accounts be mentioned to anyone. 我的名字是绝不能向任何人提起的。I will never do such a thing on any account. 无论如何我决不做这样的事。若置于句首，句子要用倒装句式。如：On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。5. on ones account 为了某人的缘故。如：Dont put off the meeting on my account. 不要为了我而把会议推迟。I didnt tell her the news on her husband. 由于她丈夫的关系，我没有把这消息告诉她。6. take sth into account 考虑，注意。如：You should take the expenses into account. 你应该把费用考虑进去。When judging his performance, dont take his age into account. 评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的年龄。有时 sth 较长，也可放在后面。如：We must take into account the boys long illness. 我们必须考虑到这个孩子已经病了很久。有时也可说成 take account of sth。如：You must take account of this fact. / You must take this fact into account. 你必须考虑到这个事实。act1. act as (临时)担任，充当，起的作用。如：A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person. 经过训练的狗可以担任盲人的向导。表示担任独一无二的职务，其前通常不用冠词。如：He acted as manager in my absence. 我不在时他担任经理。I dont understand their language; youll have to act asinterpreter. 我不懂他们的语言，你得当翻译了。2. act for 代理(某人职务)，代为(处理某事)。如：Please act for me during my absence. 我不在时请代理我处理事务。I acted for our captain while he was in hospital. 我们队长住院时由我代理他。3. act out (用手势和语言)表演出来。如：Lets act out the story of the three bears once more. 让我们再把这三只熊的故事表演一次吧。4. act on (upon) 对起作用，对有效。如：The drug acts on the stomach. 这药对胃有效。Alcohol acts on the nervous system. 酒精对人的神经系统有影响。5. in the act (of) 当场，正在动作时。如：He was in the very act of starting. 他正准备动身。He was caught in the act (of reading my private letters). 他(在读我的私信时)被当场抓住。action1. in action 在活动中，在进行中，在运转中，在战斗中。如：Ive heard hes an excellent player but Ive never seen him in action. 我听说他是位高手，但还从未实地见过。The machine is now in action. 机器正在运转。He was killed in action in France. 他在法国阵亡。2. out of action 失去作用，出故障，不中用。如：The engine is out of action. 发动机出了故障。Ive been out of action for several weeks with a broken leg. 我的腿摔折了，已经好几个星期没有工作了。3. take action 采取行动。如：I felt that it was time for me to take action. 我感到是我该采取行动的时候了。Immediate action must be taken to stop the fire spreading. 必须采取行动阻止火势蔓延。afford 1. afford sth 出得起(钱或时间等)做某事。如：I cant afford so much money. 我出不起那么多钱。At least we can are able to afford a house! 至少我们还买得起一幢房子吧。2. afford to do sth 出得起(钱或时间等)做某事。如：We cant afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起那么高的价。Can you afford to lend me some money? 你能借出一些钱给我吗? 注：以上两类结构通常都与 can, be able to 等连用，且两者有时可互换。如：I cant afford (to buy) a new coat. 我买不起新外套。How can you afford (to spend) the money for a car? 你怎么有钱去小汽车呢? afraid1. be afraid of sth (sb) 害怕某事(某人)。如：Are you afraid of dogs? 你害狗吗? Theres nothing to be afraid of. 没什么可害怕的。比较：He is afraid of her. 他怕她。He is afraid with her. 跟她在一起时，他很害怕。2. be afraid of doing sth(1) 担心会发生某事或某情况(但实际上未必会发生)。如：She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕伤害她的感情。注：be afraid of doing sth 表示担心会发生某事或某情况时，其后也可用 be afraid that 替换。如：He was afraid of losing face. He was afraid (that) hed lose face. 他怕失面子。(2) 害怕做某事或不敢做某事(指缺乏勇气或害怕其后果而不敢)。如：Im afraid of telling her. 我不敢告诉她。He was afraid of jumping. 他不敢跳。3. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事或不敢做某事。如：He was afraid to fly in a plane. 他不敢坐飞机。He was afraid to go into the house and meet his father. 他不敢进屋去见他父亲。注：以上两类句型的异同之处：表示担心会发生某事或某情况，只能用 be afraid of doing sth, 而表示害怕做某事或不敢做某事等，则两者都可用。如：Dont be afraid to ask of asking question. 不要害怕问问题。He is afraid to go out of going out alone at night. 他不敢晚上一个人出去。after1. after all (尽管)到底，毕竟，究竟。如：I was right after all. 毕竟是我对。Im so sorry. I cant come after all. 对不起，我还是不能来。2. be after sth (sb) 追求，寻求，想得到。如：What are you after? 你追求什么? The police were after him. 警察在找她。This is the very book Im after. 这正是我要找的书。3. sth after sth (前后接同一名词，表示多次重复)。如：He fired shot after shot. 他打了一枪又一枪。Day after day the rain continued. 雨一天一天地下着。They worked there year after year. 年复一年他们就工作在那儿。again1. again and again 反复地，一再地。如：Ive told you that again and again. 这事我反复告诉过你。He made the same mistake again and again. 他反复犯同样的错误。age1. at the age of 在年龄时。如：I left school at the age of 18. 我中学毕业时18岁。He got married at the age of 25. 他25岁时结婚。注：at the age of 20 (在20岁时)也可说成 at age 20。2. at ones age 在某人的年龄岁数时。如：At your age you should know better. 你这个年纪应该比较明白事理了。She ought to be earning her own living at her age. 像她这样的年纪应该自食其力了。When I was your age, I had to work. 我像这样大的时候，我得工作了。ahead1. ahead of：(1) 表示时间或空间，意为：在之前。如： He left one day ahead of me. 他比我早走一天。A new life lay ahead of him. 新的生活展现在他面前。(2) 表示能力、水平、地位或先进性等方面，意为：比强或高(主要用作表语)。如：Hes ahead of us in English. 他的英语比我们强。He is two classes ahead of me. 他比我高两班。(3) 用于 ahead of time (schedule)，意为：提前、提早。如：To my surprise he came ahead of time. 使我吃惊的是，他提前来了。The work was done ahead of schedule. 工作提前完成了。2. go ahead(1) 表示同意或允许，意为：说吧、做吧。如：A：Can I borrow your dictionary? 你可以用你的词典吗? B：Yes, go ahead. 可以。A：Do you mind my smoking here? 我在这儿抽烟可以吗? B：No, go ahead. 没关系，你抽吧。(2) 表示继续做某事，意为：继续吧。如：Go ahead, we are all listening. 继续讲吧，我们都在听呢! Go ahead, what happened next? 说吧，下步怎么办? aim1. aim at 瞄准，针对。如：He aimed (his gun) at the target, fired and missed it. 他(用枪)瞄准目标开火，却未打中。When the teacher said that there was a lazy boy in the class, he was aiming at John. 当老师说班上有个不用功的孩子时，他是针对约翰说的。注：有时其后也接介词 for, 表示希望达到某个目标。如：We should aim for the best results. 我们要力争获得最好的结果。2. aim to do sth 想要做某事，立志要做某事。如：She aimed to please her boss. 她想要讨好她的老板。We aim to solve the problem. 我们力求要解决这个问题。注：有时可与 aim at doing sth 互换。如：He aims to be at being a writer. 他立志要当作家。air1. by air 乘飞机。如：He went to Paris by air. 他乘飞机去了巴黎。Which is faster, by air or by train? 坐飞机快还是坐火车快? 2. in the air 在空中；在流传中；渺茫。如：Birds fly in the air. 鸟在空中飞。The plan is quite (up) in the air. 计划还相当渺茫。3. on the air 在广播中。如：I heard the news on the air. 我在广播中听到了这条消息。Whats on the air this evening? 今晚有什么广播节目? all1. all along 一直，在整个期间。如：I thought all along that he would win. 我一直认为他会赢。We know all along that he is going to make it. 我们始终认为他是会成功的。2. all over 到处，各处，全身。如：We looked all over for the watch. 我们到处找过那块表。She was like her mother all over. 她处处像她妈妈。I was aching all over after the match. 比赛后我全身都痛。He painted the wall green all over. 他把墙全漆成绿色。3. in all (1) 一共，合计。如：There are 100 people in all. 一共有100人。Thats $15 in all. 一共15美元。(2) 总之，简言之。如：In all, the book is worth reading. 总之，这本书值得一读。4. at all(1) 用于否定句，意为：根本不、一点也不。如：It wasnt difficult at all. 这一点也不难。There was nothing to eat at all. 根本没什么可吃的。注：在否定句中，at all 可位于句末，也可跟在否定词后。如：He isnt tired at all. / Hes not at all tired. 他一点也不累。另外，在口语中单独说 not at all, 可用来回答感谢或道歉。如：A：Thank you very much. 多谢你了。B：Not at all. 不客气。A：Im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。B：Oh, not at all. 噢，没关系。(2) 用于疑问句，意为：到底、究竟、难道不。如：Are you at all worried about it? 你难道对此不担心吗? Have you read any of the report at all? 那份报告你到底有没有读一点? (3) 用于条件句(用来加强if的语气)，意为：假若、既然、即使、反正。如：If you do it at all, do it well. 既然要做，就把它做好。(4) 用于肯定句(较少见)， 意为：不管怎样、竟然。如：I was surprised at his coming at all. 我很奇怪， 他竟然来了。alone1. leave let sb alone 不要打扰或干扰某人，听其自然。如：Go away and leave me alone, will you? 你走开吧，不要管我，好不好? 2. leave let sth alone 不要移动(触摸，改变)某物，听其自然。如：Leave that alone. Its mine. 别动那个，是我的。Leave that vase alone or youll break it. 不要动那个花瓶，不要你会把它打了的。3. let alone 更不用说，别说。如：He speaks Russian, let alone Russian. 他连俄语都会说，但不说英语了。He wont even thank you, let alone pay you. 他甚至不会感谢你，就更不用说会付给你钱了。4. not be alone in (doing) sth 不只是某人这样想(这样认为，这样感觉等)。如：We are not alone in thinking that. 不仅仅我们这样想。He is not alone in believing that it may lead to war. 不单他一个人认为那会导致战争。注：该句型主要用于否定句，偶尔也用于肯定句。如：We are all alone in objecting to the plan. 我们孤单地反对这个计划。along1. along with(1) 随同一起。如：Mother sent me some money along with her letter. 母亲随信给我寄来了一些钱。(2) 除之外。如：Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol. 除酒之外，烟草在大多数国家都要征税。(3) 与一起(一道)。如：The teacher worded along with the students. 老师同学一起干。He went on the journey along with his two friends. 他与他的两位朋友一起去旅行。注：以上三个用法的实质意思是一样的。2. get along(1) 进行，进展。如：How are you getting along with your English? 你的英语学得怎样? (2) 相处。如：He doesnt get along well with his classmates. 他与同学相处不好。another1. one after another 一个接一个地，一个又一个地。如：They left the room one after another. 他们一个一个地离开了房间。We achieved victories one after another. 我们取得了一个又一个的胜利。注：按传统语法，one after another 指三者或三者以上，若指两者则用 one after the other, 但在现代英语中，两者常可换用。如：Difficulties arose one after another the other. 问题一个一个地冒了出来。另外，One after another 通常用作状语，有时用作主语。如：One after another stood up and went out. 人们一个一个地站起来，走了出去。2. one another 相互，彼此。如：We should help one another. 我们应该互相帮助。The members of the team support one another. 队员们相互支持。注：有人认为 one another 一定用于三者或三者以上， 而用于两者须用 each other。但在现代英语中，两者常可换用。The boy and girl are deeply in love with one another each other. 这男孩和女孩深深地相爱着。The sea and the sky seem to melt into one another each other. 大海与蓝天似乎融为一体。另外，one another 可以有所有格形式。如：Those two are always copying one anothers each others homework. 那两个人总是相互抄袭作业。answer1. answer for 对负责，对承担责任，保证，代表。如：I will answer for it (him). 我愿对它(他)负责。One day youll have to answer for what youve done. 有一天你会对你今天的所作所为承担责任的。I agree but I cant answer for my friends. 我同意，但我不能代表我的朋友也同意。注：该短语通常用于将来时态或含有情态动词的句子，其后可接名词或代词，一般不接 that 从句，若要接这类从句，则应先接形式宾语 it。如：I cant answer for his honesty. I cant answer for it that he is honest. 我不能保证他是诚实的。2. in answer to 作为对的回答，响应的请求。如：In answer to his question, she shook her head. 对于他的问题，她以摇头作答。The doctor came at once in answer to my phone call. 医生一接到我的电话就来了。anxious1. be anxious about sth (sb) 为某事或某人担心或担忧。如：Im very anxious about him. 我很为他担心。He was anxious about her absence. 他担心她不来。2. be anxious for sth (sb)(1) 为某事或某人担心或担扰。如：He was anxious for family. 他为他的家人担心。We are anxious about his health. 我们都为他的身体担心。注：此用法有时可将介词 for 换成 about。如：Were anxious for about his safety. 我们担心他的安全。(2) 渴望某事物。如：We are anxious for a change. 我们渴望换个环境。We are really anxious for peace. 我们确实渴望和平。3. be anxious to do sth 渴望(希望，想要)要做某事。如：He is anxious to see her. 他渴望见到她。We are anxious to leave here. 我们急于要离开这儿。注：此用法有时可与 be anxious for sth 互换。如：Hes anxious to know for the result. 他渴望知道结果。4. be anxious for sb to do sth 渴望(希望， 想要)要某人做某事。如：We are anxious for him to come. 我们希望他来。I was anxious for everything to be settled. 我希望把一切都解决。注：该句型有时可与带从句的结构互换。如上面两句也可说成：We are anxious that he should come. I was anxious that everything should be settled. anything1. (be) anything but 绝不是，根本不是。如：Ill do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。The fight is anything but finished. 斗争绝没有结束。The hotel was anything but satisfactory. 这家旅馆一点不让人满意。注1. anything but 有时可单独使用。如：I dont mean hes lazy - anything but! 我不是说他懒，他根本不懒。注2. 不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：He is anything but a poet. 他绝不是诗人。He was anything but polite. 他根本没有一点礼貌。2. like anything 使劲地，拼命地。如：He praised her like anything. 他使劲地夸她。The thief ran like anything when he saw the policeman. 小偷见到警察就拼命地跑走了。apologize1. apologize to sb 向某人道歉。如：Apologize to your sister. 去给你姐姐赔个不是。Ive come to apologize to you. 我来向你道歉。2. apologize for (doing) sth 因某事而道歉。如：I must apologize for the delay in replying to your letter. 未能及时给你回信，我得向你道歉。He apologized for not being able to meet her. 他因为未能去接她而向她道歉。注：以下两个句型有时可以配合使用。如：He apologized to the teaching for coming late. 他因迟到而向老师道歉。apology1. make an apology to sb 向某人道歉。如：He made an apology to her. 我向他道歉了。2. make an apology for sth 因某事而道歉。如：He made an apology for what he said. 他为他所说的话道了歉。注：以下两个句型有时可配合使用。如： He made an apology to her for hurting her feelings. 他因为伤害她的感情而向她道歉。appear1. appear to do sth 似乎要。如：He appears to have a lot of money. 他似乎很有钱。He appeared not to notice anything. 他似乎没看见什么。注：有时不定式用进行式或完成式等。如：It appears to be raining. 似乎在下雨。You appear to have traveled a lot. 看来你去过不少地方。2. it appears that as if 似乎。如：It appears that as if he will win. 看来他会赢。It appeared that he didnt like her. 似乎他并不喜欢她。注：以上句型有时可与后接不定式的结构转换。如：It appears that you have made a mistake. / You appear to have made a mistake. 似乎你弄错了。3. There appears to be 似乎。如：There appears to be no danger now. 现在似乎没有危险了。注：该句型有时可与后接 that 从句的句型转换。如：There seems to have been a mistake. / It appears that there has been a mistake. 看来一直就有错。apply1. apply for sth 申请或请求得到某物。如：He applied for a scholarship. 他申请了奖学金。Ill apply for the job tomorrow. 我明天去申请这份工作。注：有时可在 apply 后加上 to sb, 表示向某人申请。如：He applied to us for help. 他向我们求援。You must apply to the teacher for permission. 你必须请求老师批准。2. apply to do sth 申请做某事。如：He applied to stay there. 他申请留在那儿。In 1980 he applied to join the Party. 1980年他申请入党。3. apply to sth (sb) 适用(运用)于某人或某物。如：What you said doesnt apply to me. 你所说的不适合于我。The rule doesnt apply to this case. 这条规则不适用于这种场合。注：该结构中的 to 为介词，若后接动词，要用动名词。如：These methods apply to learning English. 这些方法适用于英语学习。4. apply sth to sth 把某物运用到另一物上。如：You cant apply this rule to every case. 你不能将这条规则运用到所有的情况。In this way we can better apply theory to practice. 这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。5. apply oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事。如：He applied himself to learning French. 他致力于学法语。If you apply yourself to the job, youll soon finish it. 如果你努力干，这工作不要多久就可以完成。注：该结构中的 oneself有时可用 ones mind, ones energies等代之。如：We must apply our minds to finding a solution. 我们动动脑筋找出解决的办法来。argue1. argue about (over) sth 为某事而争论。如：They always argue about over