高中英语必修一unit1.doc

Unit 1 Friendship编 稿：李皓然 责 编：刘洁目标认知重点词汇与短语add up； point； concern； go through； set down；before； dare；suffer； power重点句型It/This/That + is(was) + the first/the second/.time + that从句语法直接引语变间接引语日常用语同意和不同意（Agreement and Disagreement）Agreement：I agree. Yes, I think so. So do I. Me too. Exactly.No problem. Sure. Certainly. Of course. All right. Youre right.Good idea. I think thats a good idea.Disagreement：I dont think so. Neither do I. Thats not right. Im afraid not. No way.Im sorry, but I dont agree. Of course not. I disagree.精讲巧练重点词汇与短语1. add up【原句回放】Add up your score and see how many points you get. (Page 1)【点拨】add (vt./vi) 加，增加，补充说（1）add sth. up 把加起来（2）add to 增添 例如：The bad weather only added to our difficulties. 这样的坏天气增加了我们的困难。（3）add to 把加到 例如：Dont add fuel to the flames. 别再火上浇油了。（4）add up 把加起来 例如：Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you owe me. 把所有的数字加起来看看你欠我多少。（5）add up to 总计；加起来结果是 例如：All the numbers add up to exactly 900. 所有数加起来一共900.【拓展】词性拓展：additional (adj.) 附加的，另外的； addition (n.) 加，增加in addition 另外；此外； in addition to 除了【随时练】1What he said about the accident and did with it _ our trouble.A. added up to B. added to C. add up D. add2. Youd better _ your score and see if you have passed the exam.A. add up to B. add to C. add up D. add【答案与解析】1. B。本题考察形容词辨析。add to 增添；不能用被动。2. C。本题考察add的固定搭配。A 强调加起来的结果；C意为“把加起来”。2. point【原句回放】 Add up your score and see how many points you get. (Page 1)【点拨】point n. 尖端；点；分数；要点；论点v. （常与to, at连用）指向；使对准；与to连用指认出，指出如：It was a turning point in his career. 这是他事业上的转折点。We won by 5 points. 我们赢了5分。the point of a nail 钉尖【拓展】on the point of 就要/将近的时候to the point 中肯，扼要in point 恰当的，适当的There is no point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义。例如：Theres no point in wasting time. 耗时间没用。【随时练】1. The sailors were on the point of giving up _ the captain came up.A. when B. while C. as D. because 2. I was _ the point of hanging up the receiver when he answered it.A. in B. about C. at D. on【答案与解析】1. A。be on the point of doing. when. 是固定句式。When 在此处表示“在那个时候”= and at that time 此时不能用其他词（as/while）代替。2. D。句意为: 我要挂电话的时候，他接了。3. concern【原句回放】.tell your friend that you are concerned about him /her and you ll meet after class and talk then. (Page 1)【点拨】concern vt. 涉及；关系到 n. 关心；关注（1）be concerned about/for sth. 关心挂念 例如：We are all concerned about / for his safety. 我们都很关心他的安全。（2）be concerned with sth. 与某事有关/关于 例如：More than one person has been concerned with this matter. 不止一个人与这件事有关联。（3）as far as.be concerned. 就而言 例如：As far as I am concerned, the whole idea is crazy. 就我看来，整个想法是发疯的。【拓展】show/feel concern for/about. 担心/关心be concerned in sth. 和某事有牵连as concerns 关于（= concerning）【随时练】1. The meeting was concerned _ reforms and everyone present was concerned _ their own interests.A. with； for B. with； with C. for； about D. about； with 2. _English is concerned; he is first in our class.A. As B. As soon as C. As far as D. Now that 【答案与解析】1. A。前一句理解为“会议与改革有关”，因此此处应填介词with; 后一句句意为“到会的每一个人都关心自己的利益”，因此空二填介词 about/for。2. C。句意：就英语而言，他是我们班成绩最好的。4. go through【原句回放】.would not understand what you are going through? (Page 2)【点拨】go through（1）经历；经受 例如：The poor girl has gone through a lot since her parents died. 这个穷困的小女孩在她父母去世后经历了很多苦难。 例如：You really dont know what we went through while working on this project. 你的确不知道我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦。（2）仔细阅读或研究；仔细查看 例如：I cant go through the papers in an hour. 一小时之内我不能仔细的看完这些文件（3）通过；成功 例如：The plan did not go through. 计划没有通过。（4）通过；穿过 例如：A terrible noise went through the house. 一阵可怕的声音响彻整栋房子。【拓展】see through 看穿；看破get through 通过；完成；接通电话break through 突破look through 浏览through and through 从头至尾地【随时练】1. The police _ the building hoping to catch the thief.A. looked for B. searched for C. found out D. went through 【答案与解析】1. D。题中look for ,search for 意为“寻找”find out “弄明白”；go through 意为“搜寻”。句意“搜寻这座大楼”5. set down【原句回放】I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do. (Page 2)【点拨】set down = put down= take down （1）放下；记下；登记。 例如：Why dont you set your ideas down on paper? 你为什么不把你的想法记到纸上？（2）让某人下车。 例如：Please set me down at the next corner.请在下一个转角让我下车。【拓展】(1) set about doing sth. 开始做某事(2) set off 开始；出发；引爆 set sth. off 使 爆炸(3) set up 建立；创办(4) set sb. a good example 为树立好榜样(5) set fire to 放火烧(6) set aside 把放在一边；存储【随时练】1. She _ the vase on the table and went out.A. set out B. set up C. set down D. set on 2. Students should form the habit of _ everything important in class. Which of the following cant be put it the blank.A. putting down B. taking down C. setting down D. tearing down【答案与解析】1. C。句意: 她把花瓶放下就出去了。2. D。此题注意是选择不合题意的选项。6. before【原句回放】 She and her family hid away for twentyfive months before they were discovered. （Page 14)【点拨】before是连词，意为“之前”，根据句意可灵活翻译成：“过了多久才（就）”。所以本句意为：她和家人躲了两年就被发现了。另外还可灵活翻译成： 还没来得及： The house fell before I had time to run out。 要不然，否则： Do it before you forget. 没等： He went out before I called the police. 没等我叫警察，他就自个儿出去了。【随时练】1. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up_ I could answer the phone.A. as B. since C. until D. before2. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation_ it got worse.A. until B. when C. before D. as【答案与解析】1. D。有人在午夜的时候给我打电话，但我还没来得及接他就挂断了。2. C。他犯了一个错误，但没等形势恶化他就扭转了局面。7. dare【原句回放】I didnt dare to open a window.【点拨】dare vt./vi. aux. 敢；胆敢（1）dare 作情态动词，一般用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，后跟不带to 的不定式，有自己的过去式dared，无人称和数的变化。 例如：He dared not go near the dog. 他不敢走近狗。（2）dare 用作实义动词，后跟带to 的不定式，有人称、数及时态的变化。但在否定句和疑问句中可省略to。 例如：Do you dare (to) jump off the high wall? 你敢跳过这座高墙吗？ She doesnt dare (to) say anything? 她不敢说什么？注 意：做题时，应先判断dare 是情态动词还是实义动词。【随时练】1. He _ his parents about his failure in the examination.A. dares not tellB. dares not to tellC. dare not to tell D. dare not tell 2. I wondered how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 【答案与解析】1. D。本题考察dare 的用法。做题时，应先判断dare 是情态动词还是实义动词。ABC三项从dare not 判断显然是情态动词，后应跟动词原形，排除BC二项。A项dare 是情态动词，无人称和数的变化，不应加 “s”，故答案选 D。2. D。本题考察dare 的用法。Dare 用作行为动词有人称、数和时态的变化。A项从to say 来看，dare是实义动词，有时态的变化，应把dare 改为dared。用作情态没有人称和数的变化，但有时态变化，其后接省to 的不定式，但不能接动名词，排除B。 C没有这种形式，故答案选D。本句中dared say（情态动词）=dared to say（实义动词)。8. suffer【原句回放】she suffer from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. 【点拨】 suffer vt./ vi. 遭受；忍受； 经历 例如：The factory suffered a great loss in the fire. 这个工厂在火灾中遭受了很大损失。【拓展】suffer from 遭受（1）suffer from floods 遭受水灾（2）She often suffers from headaches. 她经常头痛。【随时练】1. Be careful or our work will _ .A. fail B. suffer C. fall D. lose 2. He _ terribly all through his illness.A. suffer B. is suffered C. suffered D. suffering【答案与解析】1. B。suffer 在这里做不及物动词，意为“受损失”。2. C。根据意思“他得病期间遭受了很多痛苦”。时态应用一般过去时，另外当suffer 作“受痛苦，患病”讲时，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。9. power【原句回放】the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.【点拨】power n. 能力；力量；权力例如：The police have the power to detain offenders. 警察有权利拘留罪犯。【拓展】powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的powerless adj. 无力量的；软弱的powerfully adv. 强大地（1）have the power to do 有权利做某事（2）brain power 智力； political power 政权 electric/ water power 电/水力； power station 发电站（3）come into power 掌权（动作）； be in power 掌权（状态） 区分：power 能力；力量；电力；权力 strength 力量；力气 energy 精力；能量【随时练】Full of _ , he lifted the stone .Full of _, he is always active.Hitler came into _ in Germany in 1933.We have the _ to obtain our shares.【答案】strength； energy； power； power重点句型1. It is/ was the first/second. time that +现在完成时/过去完成时【原句回放】It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.（Reading）【点拨】句式：it / this / that +is(was) +the first /the second /.time that “某人第一次/二次/次做某事”。 注意从句的谓语动词常用现在完成时或过去完成时。is与has /have 对应；was 与 had done对应。英语中还有一些状语表达截止到目前为止的动作情况，都要用现在完成时。如：so far, up to now, in the past (last) + 一段时间，since等。【随时练】1. Do you know hometown at all? No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming2. With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years.A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread【答案与解析】1. 选B。2. 选B。 in the past five years 截止到目前为止，在过去的五年里。写作进行时作文要求你与几位同学参加了一次夏令营。几位英籍营员的加入使得本次活动与以往不同，他们是来自伦敦以东、位于泰晤士河(the Thames)畔的Canvey市的高中生，你们领他们参观了故宫、长城、颐和园等北京名胜。中、英方的营员通过此次活动均有较大的收获。请根据上面文字写一篇短文。注意：1. 写作要用第一人称。2. 词数100左右。写作过程1. 审题：本文介绍的一次夏令营活动, 介绍了北京的名胜古迹是一篇说明文2相关词汇：summer camp take part in to the east ofmany places of interest take place be different from improve3. 谋篇：因为介绍的是中国的名胜古迹，所以应适当注意地点的名称的应用，如：故宫、长城、颐和园。4. 写作：注意单词的拼写。范文During the holiday I took part in a special summer camp with my classmates. There we made some new friends. They were senior students from Canvey, a town on the Themes, which is to the east of London.As hosts, we showed them round many places of interest in Beijing, such as the Palace Museum, the Great Wall and the Summer Palace and told them about the changes that have taken place in Beijing. And they said Beijing was quite different from what they had heard of and it was very beautiful.Meanwhile, we improved our spoken English with their help.I think the summer camp is very valuable.直接引语变为间接引语的方法语法点拨：直接引语变为间接引语的方法直接引语就是直接引用别人的话，并把它放在引号内；间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话，不加引号。直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语通常以宾语从句的形式出现。直接引语变成间接引语时还要注意人称的变化、时态的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化及地点状语的变化。1. 直接引语是陈述句变为间接引语的方法如果直接引语是陈述句，在变为间接引语时，由连词that引导（在口语中that常省略）。主句中如果有say to somebody （对某人说），通常变为tell somebody （告诉某人）。He said, “I get on well with people here.”He said that he got on well with people there.Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.”Susan said that they could finish the work the next day. John said to me, “I told her all about it three days ago.” John told me that he had told her all about it three days before. 【提醒注意】如果直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，变为间接引语时，第一个宾语从句前的that有时可省略，但第二个宾语从句前的that不可省略。He said, “I like swimming and I want to go swimming with you.”He said (that) he liked swimming and that he wanted to go swimming with us. 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句变为间接引语的方法直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether 或if 引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked，没有间接宾语时，还可根据具体情况加一个间接宾语，如me, us, him等。The teacher said, “Will you be back today?”The teacher asked (him) if (whether) he would be back that day. He asked, “Has the bell rung?”He asked if / whether the bell had rung.“Shall (Should) I tell her your telephone number?” he asked me. （表示询问、征求意见）He wanted to know if （whether） he should tell her my telephone number. 【提醒注意】 “Would you like to.?”和“Would you please.?” 表示的是请求，变为间接引语时，常用动词不定式形式。“Would you like to help me with my lessons?” she asked me. She asked me to help her with her lessons. 3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句变为间接引语的方法直接引语如果是特殊疑问句（即what, which, who, whom, whose, how, why, when, where, how many, how long等引导的疑问句），变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，但要把原来的疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。He asked, “Who can carry the box?” He asked who could carry the box. (who作主语，语序不变)He asked, “Who is the man near the window?”He asked who the man near the window was. （who作表语，要改为陈述句语序）“Which one do you like best here?” he asked her.He asked her which one she liked best there.“How shall (should) I read the book?” she asked. （表示征询意见）She wanted to know how she should read the book.语法专练1. Tom asked Jack _ .A. why he was so excited B. why was he so excitedC. why is he so excitedD. why he is so excited 2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _.A. that I am a teacherB. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. The teacher said, “Light travels much faster than sound.” The teacher said that _.7. He said, “The railway has been completed.” He said _.8. The teacher asked, “Can you answer the question?” The teacher _.9. He asked, “Have you seen this film, John?” He _. 10. My mother asked, “When will you be back?”My mother asked me _.答案与解析1. A。特殊疑问句变间接引语仍用原来的疑问词引导, 把语序改成正常语序。2. D。一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether 或if 引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。3. C。同上4. D。陈述句，在变为间接引语时，由连词that引导（在口语中that常省略）。5. C。陈述句，在变为间接引语时，由连词that引导（在口语中that常省略）。主句中如果有say tosomebody （对某人说），通常变为tell somebody （告诉某人）。6. light travels much faster than sound （客观真理时态不变）7. (that) the railway had been completed （同四） 8. asked me if (whether) I could answer the question （同二）9. asked John if (whether) he had seen that film （同二）10. when I would be back (用陈述语序) 基础达标. 词海拾贝：根据课文内容用合适的单词或词组填空Ann made her diary her best friend, she could tell her deepest_1_ and what she _2_ to her friend. Ann lived in the _3_. During World War II, she had to _4_ for several months or she would be caught by _5_Nazis. In these days, she stayed awake _6_ until half past eleven _7_ have a look at the moon .she didnt _8_ open a window because the moon gave far _9_ light. On a rainy day, the wind, the _10_ clouds held me _11_ in their _12_; it was the first time in a year and a half that shed seen the moon _13_. Although she didnt want to _14_ _15_ facts in a diary, she wanted this diary itself to be her friend, she called it Kitty. 单词拼写1. She was really u_ about the way her father treated her.2. It was very stupid of you to i_ your mothers advice.3. He made a good s_ in last exam.4. All the people are c_ about the growth of the younger generation.5. Shes h_ my book away somewhere.6. My summer vocation was completely spoiled by a s_ of wet days .7. The boy is c_ about skating.8. Its against n_ for a mother to hurt her child.9. He came here on p_ to discuss it with you.10. How d_ you say so?11. Design a q_ to find out what kind of friends your classmates are.12. I live all a_ but I dont feel lonely.13. Why dont you _your idea on paper? (写下)14. She _a foreigner. (爱上)15. _to change the situation. (努力)答案与解析：. 词海拾贝1. feelings2went through 3Netherlands 4hide away 5German6on purpose7. in order to8dare9too much10thundering11entirely 12.power13face to face 14set down 15a series of单词拼写1. upset 2. ignore 3. score 4.concerned 5. hidden6. series 7. crazy8. nature9. purpose10. dare11. questionnaire 12. alone 13. set down 14. falls in love with 15. Make an effort能力提升单项选择1European football is played in 80 countries, _it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make2. While _ along the street, I met an old friend of mine.A. I walking B. was walking C. I am walking D. walking3. _ telephone is working here. You have to get them_.A. Both； repairedB. Neither； repairedC. Either； to repaired D. All； to repair 4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her.A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it out 5. Its important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the _ in language studies.A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation 6. Though the girl _ to learn Japanese, she couldnt catch up with her classmates.A. made effort B. made all her effortsC. took every effort D. gave her efforts 7. Mike _ with Janet for over one year before they got married.A. had fallen in love withB. had been in loveC. has fallen in love D. has been fallen in love8. Are you _ your classmates well?A. getting along B. getting longC. getting along with D. getting long with 9. It is believed that _ part of the animals cannot stay alive in water at 1,500 meters below _ sea level.A. /； / B a； a C. the； the D. ； the 10. What he did didnt mean _ you. He meant _ you.A. hurting； helping B. to hurt； helpingC. to hurt； to help D. hurting；