高中英语 unit3 Inventors and inventions单元检测题 新人教版选修8.doc

unit3 inventors and inventions.阅读理解atoday, bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world. many people ride bicycles for recreation, whereas others use them as a means of transportation. the first bicycle was invented in germany in 1818. because it was made of wood, it wasnt very strong nor did it have pedals (脚踏板). riders moved it by pushing their feet against the ground.in 1839, kirkpatrick macmillan, a scottish blacksmith, invented a much better bicycle. macmillans machine had ironcovered wheels to keep them from getting worn down. he also used footoperated levers, similar to pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. it didnt look much like the modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. although macmillans bicycles could be ridden easily, they were never produced in large numbers.in 1861, frenchman pierre michaux and his brother ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism. they called their bicycle a velocipede, but most people called it a “bone shaker” because of the effect of the wood and iron frame. despite the impolite nickname, the velocipede was a hit. after a few years, the michaux family was making hundreds of the machines annually, mostly for funseeking young people.ten years later, james starley, an english inventor, made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design. he made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient，and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely topheavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.it wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. invented by another englishman, h. j. lawson, the safety bicycle would look familiar to todays cyclists. the safety bicycle had equalsized wheels, which made it easier to ride. lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel. by 1893, the safety bicycle had been further improved with airfilled rubber tires, a diamondshaped frame, and easy braking. with the improvements provided by lawson; bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation. today, they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.1this passage was most likely written in order to _.acompare bicycles used for different purposesbdescribe the problems early bicycle makers experiencedcpersuade readers to use bicycles for transportationdtell readers about the early history of the bicycle解析：选d推理判断题。通观全文，第一辆自行车是于1818年在德国被发明的1839年kirkpatrick macmillan发明了一辆更好的自行车1861年法国人pierre michaux 和他的兄弟ernest 发明了一辆改进了脚踏板机械装置的自行车两年后james starley做出了一些革新，彻底改变了自行车的设计1874年真正的现代自行车出现了1893年安全脚踏车被进一步改进今天，自行车在全世界被制造、运用和喜爱。这讲的是自行车的发展史。2which of the following bicycle types was invented by james starley?解析：选b细节理解题。第四段“he made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, .”james starley制造的前车轮比后车轮大好几倍。和图片b相符。3which of the following statements is true according to the passage?atwo hundred years ago, bicycles did not exist.bthe first bicycle could be ridden at a very quick pace.cthe michaux brothers called their bicycle a “bone shaker”dmacmillans machine had wheels with rubber tires.解析：选a推理判断题。第一段“the first bicycle was invented in germany in 1818.”第一辆自行车是在1814年被发明的，而200年前是1814年，所以那时自行车还不存在。故选a。4the information about bicycles in this passage is arranged according to _.aimportance btimecplace dinterest解析：选b细节理解题。本文讲的是自行车的发展史，是逐段按时间排列出这些信息的。故选b。baudrey hepburn (奥黛丽赫本) won an academy award as best actress for her first major american movie, roman holiday, which was released in 1953. but she is remembered as much for her aid work as for her acting.born in belgium in 1929, audreys father was british and her mother was dutch. audrey was sent to live at a british school for part of her childhood. during world war ， she lived and studied in the netherlands. her mother thought it would be safe from german attacks. audrey studied dance as a teenager and during college. but when she returned to london after the war she realized she wasnt going to be a ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员). so she began taking acting parts in stage shows. later she began to get small parts in movies.but it was audrey hepburns move to america that brought her true fame. in 1951 she played the character “gigi” in the broadway play of the same name to great critical praise. two years later, roman holiday made her a star at the age of 24.audrey made more than 25 movies. among her most popular roles was hoolly golinghtly in breakfast at tiffanys in 1961. three years later she played eliza doolittle in my fair lady.she was married two times and had one child by each husband. in 1989, the un childrens fund named audrey a goodwill ambassador. she travelled all over the world in support of unicef (联合国儿童基金会) projects. the un agency said she was a tireless worker. she often gave 15 interviews a day to gain money and support for unicef projects.audrey hepburn often said her loyalty to unicef was the result of her experiences as a child during world war . she said she knew what it was like to be starving and to be saved by international aid. she was a goodwill ambassador until her death in 1993 from colon cancer.语篇解读：这是一篇人物传记。主要介绍奥黛丽赫本的生平及其她在电影事业方面的成就和在慈善事业方面的贡献。5in paragraph 1, “her aid work” means _.awinning an academy award as best actressbtaking acting parts in stage showscmaking her own moviesdacting as a goodwill ambassador for unicef解析：选d细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的“in 1989, the un childrens fund named audrey a goodwill ambassador. she travelled all over the world in support of unicef (联合国儿童基金会) projects.”可知答案。6the reason why audrey lived and studied in the netherlands was that _.ashe wanted to be a ballerinabher parents were from britaincit was safe theredthe education there was excellent解析：选c细节理解题。根据第二段的“her mother thought it would be safe from german attacks.”可知，她母亲认为在荷兰是安全的。故选c。7we can infer from the passage that _.aaudreys parents lived in germany during world war baudrey lived in america in the 1950scaudrey was made to give up dancingdthe character “gigi” in the broadway play was her most popular role解析：选b推理判断题。根据第三段的“in 1951 she played the character gigi in the broadway play of the same name to great critical praise. two years later, roman holiday made her a star at the age of 24.”可知，她到了美国以后的成就是发生在二十世纪五十年代。8_ is not mentioned in the passage about audrey hepburn.amarriage bidentityccontribution dreligion解析：选d细节理解题。文章的第五段“she was married two times”提到了她的婚姻，文章中也提到了她的身份，一开始跳舞后来成为演员，文章主要提到她在电影事业和慈善方面的巨大贡献。故选d。chuman beings are the most intelligent of all animals because we are gifted with the ability to think and reason logically. scientists and even common people with special intelligence have made a lot of inventions and contributions to modern lifestyle in the past. “houses” have been the most popular area for discoveries and inventions in the past and even now.many household items have been the result of people who desired better functioning of the existent products. every individual has intelligence and if it is used properly for the right purpose it leads to invention of a new tool or device. many new household inventions are made almost every day and there are specific companies, which particularly keep a record of all these inventions.a lot of inventions have been made recently in the household field. these products are patented (专利的) and have trade mark licenses (许可). the patented sliding cinch is a very simple but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long. vanity pc is a type of computer furniture that specifically hides all the computer wires and keeps a clean and good look. all the outdoor dust, mud and snow can be kept out of the house by installing (安装) the dirt drain (排水管) at the entrance of the door. another important invention is the automatic toilet nightlight, in which a small light starts when the lid of the toilet seat is opened and closes as soon as the lid is closed.these are some of the new household inventions invented mostly by common people. thus, a variety of new household items are invented every day, which helps in a better functioning of household chores and in a more useful manner.语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍日常发明以及它对人们的影响。9the first paragraph tells us the importance of _.athe particular changes in housesbthe advantages of modern lifestylecthe difference between human beings and animalsdhuman being role in making inventions解析：选d细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，主要讲述人类是发明中的主要角色。10what plays the most important role in causing people to invent new things?ato improve the present living conditions.bto earn more money and gain awards.cto be recorded by some special companies.dto meet the new demands of new science.解析：选a细节理解题。根据第二段的“many household items have been the result of people who desired better functioning of the existent products.”可知，人们发明东西是由于人们渴望提高当前的生活条件。11it can be inferred that the sliding cinch is used to _.aprevent your shoulder from being overpressuredbkeep your shoulder safe and sound when you are in an accident or an operationchelp you practice your shoulder more often and reduce shoulder painsdcover your shoulder and make it stronger to resist the outside strike解析：选a推理判断题。根据第三段的“but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long”可推出答案。12the passage is mainly talking about _.athe correct use of household facilitiesbhousehold inventions and their influencecdifferent ideas about household inventionsdthe history of household inventions解析：选b主旨大意题。文章主要介绍日常发明以及它们对人们的影响。dcontest rulesessay topicwho was/is your best teacher ever? what makes him or her the best?participationthe contest is open to all students enrolled in grades 2 through 12.entriesword limit: 300essays will be judged on the following criteria by weekly reader editorial staff：originality, creativity 40 percentclarity of presentation 40 percentgrammar, punctuation, spelling 20 percentall entries should be wordprocessed, typed, or handprinted on 8.5inch by 11inch paper or submitted as an attached word or text document via email.each entry must include the entrants name, age, complete home mailing address, phone number, school name, and grade, as well as the submitting teachers name, school name, complete school mailing address, and email address.contest deadlineentries must be postmarked (在邮件上盖邮戳) on or before april 26, 2014, or mailed by midnight est on that date.submissionemail your entry with attached essay and entry information (entrants name, age, complete home mailing address, phone number, school name, and grade, submitting teachers name, email address, school name, and complete school mailing address) to webcontest weeklyreader. com. or mail your entry with attached entry form to this address：weekly reader publishing my best teacher ever contestattn: anne flounders 44 south broadway, 18th floor white plains, ny10601prizesone winner will be chosen in each of two categories: elementary ( grades 2 6 ) and secondary (grades 7 12). winning students will win a $50 gift card and may have their essays published on weeklyreader. com. teachers of winning students will win one free classroom subscription to the weekly reader magazine of their choice. winning essays will be posted up on signing of a release by students and their agent or guardian. winning essays will be announced on may 7, 2014, teacher appreciation day, on weeklyreader. com, and winners will be notified directly.语篇解读：这是一篇应用文，介绍了“我最喜爱的老师”征文比赛的参赛规则。13the topic of the essay focuses on _.awhy your teacher is the best one everbhow your teacher treats the studentscwhat your teacher impresses you mostdwhat kind of teacher you like解析：选a细节理解题。根据essay topic部分中的“who was/is your best teacher ever? what makes him or her the best？”可知，参赛作品的主题是介绍谁是你的最好的老师，是什么让他/她成为最好的老师，与a项“为什么这个老师是最好的老师”相一致，故选a。14essays will be judged on the following criteria except _.acreativity bpresentationchandwriting dpunctuation解析：选c细节理解题。根据entries部分中的“essays will be judged on the following criteria by weekly reader editorial staff”下面的内容可知，c项不属于评判参赛作品的标准。15if you become a winner, you _.awill be awarded $50 in cashbcan have the weekly reader magazine for freecwill be informed of your success onlinedmay have your essay published online解析：选d细节理解题。根据文中的“winning students will win a $50 gift card and may have their essays published on weeklyreader. com.”可知，获胜者的文章可能会刊登在这个网站上，故选d。.任务型阅读hispaniolahispaniola is a caribbean island made up of two independent countries: the dominican republic in the east and haiti in the west. christopher columbus arrived on the island on christmas day in 1492. hispaniola became an important base for the spanish in the new world, as they controlled other islands and parts of central america from there. _16_ today, most of the islands people are descended from (为的后裔) african slaves._17_as the secondlargest island in the caribbean, hispaniola consists of mountain ranges that spread from east to west as well as valleys and plains. while the lowlands are hot, the slopes (斜坡) of the mountains are cooler and get much rain from the winds that frequently blow across the island. _18_ hispaniola is often hit by hurricanes that cross the atlantic ocean on their way to north america.one island, two different worlds_19_ the dominican republic is now one of the fastest growing economies in the world. for a long time it has been an important producer of sugar cane, coffee and tobacco (烟草); moreover, in the past years it has also become a tourist attraction for americans and europeans.in the west of the island, the violence throughout the last 200 years has made haiti a poor country. _20_ a storm in 2004 left 3,000 dead. in 2010 the country was hit by a strong earthquake, from which it hasnt recovered yet. two hundred thousand people were killed, and almost two million were left homeless. while most of the population work in farming, thousands leave the country every year and immigrate to the us. or the dominican republic.athe history and culture of haitibgeography and weather conditionscrainfall usually varies from 1,000 to 3,000 mm per year.din addition, haitis population has been hit by natural disasters.erelationships among dominicans are more important than schedules.fduring the 16th century the spanish started bringing african slaves to the island.gthe two countries on hispaniola have gone through different stages of development.答案：1620fbcgd.完形填空aunt fannie was the blueberry jam woman. of course she wasnt really my aunt, and out of fear, i never called her that to her face.as a young woman, my mother had worked in the _21_ of a large victorian farm house owned by fannie cratty and her twin brother, farnsworth. during those years, my mother _22_ aunt fannie make the _23_ blueberry jam ever tasted by anyone in glenfield. she was _24_ for her jam and for never _25_ the recipe (烹饪法) with another living soul. _26_ my mother knew the recipe by _27_， as long as aunt fannie was alive, she _28_ made the jam without aunt fannie in our kitchen to direct the process and preserve the _29_.each august, when blueberry season would roll around, my mother would prepare me for aunt fannies _30_. whenever she was at the house, i didnt need to be reminded to _31_ my thoughts and watch my tongue. _32_， the woman was old, wealthy, and serious.one year, after i had been _33_ helpful with the jam process, aunt fannie gave me a quarter (a coin worth 25 cents) and then made me promise that i would never _34_ it. “hold onto this quarter，” she said. “someday you will be _35_. i still have my very first quarter, given to me by my grandfather.” it had worked for her. so, i put the quarter in a small box and _36_ to become rich.i now have the blueberry cobbler jam recipe and the quarter from aunt fannie. neither have significantly contributed to my _37_， but i keep them as reminders to hold onto the _38_ things in life. money can make you feel rich for a while, but it is the relationships and the _39_ of time spent with friends and family that truly leave you wealthy. and that is a _40_ that anyone can build.21a.kitchenbcornercdining room dsitting room解析：选a根据下文作者的母亲协助aunt fannie做蓝莓酱可知，她在一座庄园的“厨房”里干活。22a.watched btaughtcmade dhelped解析：选d根据上文可知，作者的母亲在aunt fannie家帮工，她要“帮助”aunt fannie做蓝莓酱。23a.most bbestcworst dleast解析：选b由下文glenfield的所有人都尝过她的蓝莓酱且她有独特的制作蓝莓酱的方法可推知，aunt fannie做的蓝莓酱在当地是最好的(best)。24a.reported bpraisedcknown dpunished解析：选c根据上下文可知，aunt fannie做的蓝莓酱在当地赫赫有名。be known for .“以闻名”。25a.making btestingcdiscussing dsharing解析：选d此处指aunt fannie从来不与人分享(share)制作蓝莓酱的方法。aunt fannie对保护制作方法的重视在下一句中有所体现。26a.even though bin casecnow that donly if解析：选a“尽管”作者的母亲知道制作蓝莓酱的方法，但没有aunt fannie在场，她从来不制作蓝莓酱。此处用even though引导让步状语从句。27a.note bheartchand dmouth解析：选b此处说明作者的母亲已牢记制作蓝莓酱的方法。learn by heart表示“牢记”。28a.ever balwayscnever dstill解析：选c此处强调作者的母亲对aunt fannie的忠诚。没有她在场，母亲永远不会制作蓝莓酱，故用never。29a.secret bqualityccontent dfreshness解析：选a联系上文可知，aunt fannie很重视保护蓝莓酱制作方法这一“秘密”。30a.return bgreetingccheck dvisit解析：选d根据下文可知，当蓝莓成熟的季节到来时，母亲就准备迎接aunt fannie的到来，一同制作蓝莓酱。visit“拜访”。31a.sp