河北省邢台市高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题34 .docVIP

河北省邢台市2014届高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题34 if you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. this is the research finding of a team of japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exerciseand as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.professor taiju matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.with a team of colleagues at tokyo national university, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (the rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)contraction of front and side partsas cells die offwas observed i some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with ageusing the head.the findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. those least at risk, says matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. white collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.matsuzawas findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “the best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “think hard and engage in conversation. dont rely on pocket calculators.”36. the team of doctors wanted to find out _.a. why certain people age sooner than others b. how to make people live longerc. the size of certain peoples brains d. which people are most intelligent【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“professor taiju matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.”可知医生们想要研究出为什么一些人比其他人老得更快。37. on what are their research findings based?a. a survey of farmers in northern japan. b. tests performed on a thousand old people.c. the study of brain volumes of different people d. the latest development of computer technology.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。由“he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.”可知选c。38. the doctors test show that _.a. our brains shrink as we grow older b. the front section of the brain does not shrinkc. sixty-year-olds have the better brains than thirty-year-oldsd. some peoples brains have contracted more than other peoples.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。由“the findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.”可知医生们的测试发现，一般而言，乡下人比城镇里的人的大脑收缩的更早。故选d。39. the word “subjects” in paragraph 5 means _.a. something to be considered b. branches of knowledge studiedc. persons chosen to be studied in an experimentd. any member of a state except the supreme ruler.【答案】c【解析】词义猜测题。由“but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.”可知“subjects”指的是被选入实验中做研究的人。故选c。40. according to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?a. lawyers. b. farmers. c. clerks. d. shop assistants.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由“those least at risk, says matsuzawa, are lawyers,”可知律师变老的风险最小。故选a。 阅读理解-史地常识类(2013九江二模)its interesting to see how people make use of the time they spend on public transport in indian cities like delhi and mumbai.in crowded buses and trains people manage to take a short nap and some even reach the snoring stage.or they spread out a newspaper over multiple knees and arms to read about the latest sport results or political crisis.then there are the experienced travellers who have been playing cards with the same group over the last decade or so.they even have their specific seats so wellworn that you can make out the shape of their backsides.there is no doubt about it.travelling by public transport is being in the thick of the seasons of lifea sweaty life in summer where people，blissfully unaware of the rivers of sweat running down their brows and inside their clothes.at the first smell of a perfumed man or woman boarding the stuffy bus or train，most people feel they are reborn.during the rains you cant avoid getting wet or muddied.the windows，almost always，are not a perfect fit and if youre not drenched by a sudden，heavy rain shower then you are bound to catch a jet spray of muddy water caused by a fellow motorist driving fast through a puddle.the rains are a perfect time for people to switch their old umbrellas for new ones.since there are so many that look alike，its impossible to tell whose is whose.winter is the time when it feels goodor at least warmto be part of a crowd.it is amazing how much the collective breaths of a hundred or so people can raise the freezing temperature inside.looking at the masses dressed in their bright red pullovers or green coats，its fun to imagine what faces lie beneath their dark woolen hats.the cold winter passes，making way for spring.it is impossible not to see every little flower by the wayside blooming proudly.and the warm sun manages to transmit some of their pleasantness to the inside of a bus or train.now，wouldnt it be perfect if we had public transport worth the name in all our cities? 【语篇解读】 普通的画面，平常的生活，变化的季节，永恒的旋律，印度的公共交通工具上每天都演绎着平凡人平淡的故事。24on indian public transport，you can always expect to see people _.asleeping and reading newspapers barguing and playing gamescenjoying the view and playing cards dcarrying umbrellas and whispering politely解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的内容可知在印度的公共交通工具上，可以看到人们在睡觉或者在看报纸。答案a25according to the author what will make passengers feel refreshed when travelling in summer?athe cool evening breeze.bthe rain pouring over their clothes.cthe joy of a game of cards.dthe sweet fragrance of a new passenger.解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句的内容可知，一位新乘客散发出的香味能让车上的乘客神清气爽，犹如重生。答案d26if you see people in colourful clothing and breathing heavily，you are probably travelling during the _.asummer brainy seasonscwinter dspring解析推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的内容可推知，当人们穿着各色衣服并且大口呼吸的时候，这里是”冬季”。答案c27we can infer from the passage that _.aindian people dont mind switching umbrellas with othersbalmost everyone in india wears perfume when they go outcthe buses and trains are old and in poor conditionsdindian transport is the most crowded in the world解析推理判断题。结合第三段以及第五段中的内容可推知，公共汽车和火车都很破旧。答案c28what is the tune of language used in this passage?ahumourous. bcritical.cfrightening. dconcerned.解析推理判断题。文章生动形象地刻画了印度公共交通工具上的众生相，根据文章中的多处细节描写可知作者笔调“幽默”。后三项分别表示“批判的”“令人恐惧的”“担心的”，都不是本文的写作风格。答案a阅读理解-科普常识类(2013浙江，b)below is a selection from a popular science book.if blood is red，why are veins(静脉) blue?actually，veins are not blue at all.they are more of a clear，yellowish colour.although blood looks red when its outside the body，when its sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin，its more of a dark reddish purple colour.at the right depth，these bloodfilled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，making them look blue by comparison.which works harder，your heart or your brain?that kind of depends on whether youre busy thinking or busy exercising.your heart works up to three times harder during exercise，and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.but，in the long run，your brain probably tips it，because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart，and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.why do teeth fall out，and why dont they grow back in grownups?baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long；they fall out to make room for bigger，stronger adult teeth later on.adult teeth fall out when they become damaged，decayed and infected by bacteria.once this second set of teeth has grown in，youre done.when theyre gone，theyre gone.this is because nature figures youre set for life，and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.do old people shrink as they age?yes and no.many people do get shorter as they age.but，when they do，it isnt because theyre shrinking all over.they simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.men lose an average of 34 cm in height as they age，while women may lose 5 cm or more.if you live to be 200 years old，would you keep shrinking till you were，like 60 cm tall，like a little boy again？no，because old people dont really shrink！it is not that they are growing backwardstheir legs，arms and backbones getting shorter.when they do get shorter，its because the spine has shortened a little.or，more often，become more bent and curved.why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling.the brain senses that youre spinning using special gravityandmotionsensing organs in your inner ear，which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable.but，when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control，and your brain thinks youre moving while youre not!where do feelings and emotions come from?mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.all mammals have this brain areafrom mice to dogs，cats，and humans.so all mammals feel basic emotions like fear，pain and pleasure.but since human feelings also involve other，newer bits of the brain，we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.if exercise wears you out，how can it be good for you?because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.and as far as your body is concerned，its “use it，or lose it”！its not that exercise makes you healthy；its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.1what is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?ablue. blight yellow.cred. ddark reddish purple.解析细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的“.its more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知答案。答案d2why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?abecause their spine is in active use.bbecause they are more easily affected by gravity.cbecause they keep growing backwards.dbecause their spine becomes more bent.解析细节理解题。根据第四个标题下的“they simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。答案d3which of the following statements about our brain is true?ain the long run，our brain probably works harder than our heart.bwhen our brain senses the spinning，we will feel dizzy.cthe brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.dour feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.解析细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的第三句“but，in the long run，your brain.”可知答案为a项。此题最易误选b项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于 “你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。答案a4what is the main purpose of the selection?ato give advice on how to stay healthy.bto provide information about our body.cto challenge new findings in medical research.dto report the latest discoveries in medical science.解析写作意图题。考生易误选d项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。故选择b项较全面。答案b阅读理解-dthe speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. heads nodded in agreement when he said, high school english teachers are not doing their jobs. he described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. i was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.my topic is not standards nor its decline（降低）. what the speaker was really saying is that eh is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.my point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. it is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. before english became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies（缺陷）. but since then, english teachers have been under constant attack.the complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. as their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. to the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.since this concern about the decline and fall of the english language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to todays young people, it naturally follows that todays english teachers cannot be doing their jobs. otherwise, young people would not have a poor command of english.41. the speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that _.a. the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that t of the older generationb. the students had a poor command of english because they didnt work hard enoughc. he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching english for sixteen yearsd. english teachers should be held responsible for the students poor command of english【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。由“high school english teachers are not doing their jobs.”可知作者提到的说话人认为，英语老师应该为学生的英语不好负责。故选d。42. in the authors opinion, the speaker _. a. gave a correct judgment of the english level of the studentsb. had exaggerated （夸张）the language problems of the studentsc. was right in saying that english teachers were not doing their jobsd. could think and speak intelligently【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。由“as their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. unaware t