必修二 Module Three学案.doc

必修二 Module Three 导学案Module Three New Words1.audience n 听众，观众 （集合名词，作主语时，其谓语可以是单数【视为整体】或复数【视为个体】)e.g. The audience was no less than five hundred. The audience are dressed in a variety of ways. 注意：2）表示audience多少时，用large, small, big, huge. e.g. There was a large audience of young people at the pop concert. 在流行音乐演奏会上有大量青年听众Audrey felt nervous of having to sing before such a large audience.为这么多听众演唱，奥德丽感到很紧张。2 composer: n 作曲家 compose: vt. 1) 创作 作曲2) 使平静 镇静 compose oneself 平静下来3） be composed of 由组成 e.g. He spent his whole life composing poetry. He composed himself to do his homework. 他静下心来做作业 Our class is composed of 70 students.3 genius: n 1) 天才 才赋 (u)2) 才子 (c) eg. 他是一位才子 He is a man of genius. Smith was a genius 4 talent: n 1) 天资 天赋 才能2) 有才能的人 才子 talented: adj. 有才能的 天资高的 have a genius/ gift/ talent for 对有天赋 e.g. She showed a talent for acting at early age. 她很早就表现出表演的天赋 He is a very talented actor. 我哥哥有很好的绘画天赋 My brother has a wonderful genius for painting.5 tour : vt. 1) 在巡回演出/医疗 2） 周游 观光 n. 观光 旅游 访问e.g.The play will tour the countryside in the fall 这出戏将于今秋在农村巡回演出 The medical team was touring my village 医疗队正在我村巡回医疗 我们正计划漫游中国 We are planning a tour round China. 辨析： tour travel journey trip voyage tour: 指根据一定的路线，预定了一些逗留地点，返回原地，其目的多为观光，视察等 travel: 泛指 常指长距离旅行或国外旅行journey: 指远距离的陆地旅行 trip: 指短距离的旅行 voyage: 指海上或空中旅行 e.g. They went on a tour round the world last year. He enjoyed his travels in China. The journey was long and difficult We made a journey from Paris to Berlin by car. They made a voyage across the Pacific by air.6 influence: vt. 影响 n. 影响 作用 ( 常与on/ upon 连用)under the influence of 受影响 e.g. Dont let me influence your decision. 玩电脑游戏对学生有坏影响 Playing computer games has a bad influence on students. What exactly is the influence of television on children ? 电视对儿童究竟有什么影响？ eg. He committed the crime under the influence of drugs. 他是在吸毒后犯罪的7 tune: n. 曲调 曲子be in/ out of tune 音调正确/ 不正确 合调/走调 eg. I dont know the title but I recognise the tune 我不知道曲名，但我听得出曲调 eg. The piano is out of tune 钢琴走调了 None of them could sing in tune. 没有一个人能唱得合调Introduction different: adj. 不同的，个别的，另外的（常于介词from连用）difference: n. 不同 差别differ: vi 不同 （常与from 连用） differ in: 在方面不同 e.g. His book is different from mine. This is a different car from the one I drove yesterday. 这是另一辆车，不是我昨天驾驶的那一辆In this respect, French differs from English. French and English differ in this respect. 在这方面，英语和法语 不同 Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak. 人与其它动物不同之处在于人能说话 The two brothers differ widely in their personality. 他们兄弟俩性格大相径庭 There is no difference in the results. 结果没有差别 He was studying the similarities and differences between humans and animals. 他在研究人和动物之间的相似与不同之处 usage: eg. I can never tell the difference between the twins. 我从来都分不清这对双胞胎tell the difference between A and B区分A和B的不同 eg. The rain didnt make much difference to the games. 这场雨对比赛没有多大影响 Changing schools made a big difference to my life. 转学对我的一生有着重要的影响 - Shall we go on Friday or Saturday? - It makes no difference to me. -我们周五走还是周六走？ -我无所谓make a/ no/ some/ difference (to/ in) sb./ sth. 有（或没有，有些）作用，关系或影响 Reading Language points: 1 lose v. (1) 丢失,失去; (2)专心致志地做某事 lose oneself in/ be lost in His father lost his job last month. He always loses himself in his work.= He is always _ his work.猜猜下了与lose有关的短语的含义: Lose ones way_ lose ones temper _ Lose ones balance_ lose weight _Lose courage _ lose heart _2 change: v.1) 变化 改变 change (from) into/ to 由变成 2)代替 替换 更改 change sb/ sth for sb/ sth 3) 换衣服 更衣change into sth. 换成 eg. The traffic lights changed from red to green. With a wave of her magic wand, she changed the frog into a handsome prince. 她一挥魔杖，把青蛙变成了英俊的王子 I want to change my doctor. 我想另找一位医生来看病 eg. We changed the car for a bigger one. 我可以和你交换一下作为吗？ eg. She changed into her swimsuit. 她换上了游泳衣此外,change还有名词词性: e.g. There will be a change in the weather tomorrow. Dont forget your change. 别忘了找给你的零钱change: n 改变 变化 零钱 (u)4 Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern Austria, where he became director of music.having worked.是现在分词的完成式在句中作状语，“havingdone”结构作状语，与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所表示动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生。 否定式：not having done 被动: having been doneHaving finished his homework, he ran out to play football.做完作业后，他跑出去踢足球了。Not having heard from the company, he decided to write again.没有收到公司的信，他决定再写一封信。 Having been told many times, he finally understood it. (2)(2010湖南26)Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency（广告公司）.A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle解析：考查非谓语动词。该空分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由句中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。agency代理机构，经销机构答案：C(2008重庆)_to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.AFail BFailedCTo fail DHaving failed答案：D where he was very successful是非限制性定语从句修饰先行词London。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，如果删去也不会影响主句的意思，与先行词之间用逗号隔开。 e.g. They will fly to Washington, where they plan to stay for two or three days.He led us to a small village, where he spent his childhood.He led us to a small village that/ which he looked for.He led us to a small village that/ which was very famous.He led us to a small village, which was very famous.He works in the city _ he was born.They will fly to Beijing, _ they plan to stay for two days.This is the factory _ I visited last year.Have you visited the museum , _ was built over thirty years ago?This is the house , _ I lived two years ago.Last year I visited the house _ Lu Xun once built.6 of all time: 有史以来 at one time: 曾经 at a time: 每次 一次 在某个时刻 at times: = sometimes 有时 at no time: 决不 在任何时候都不7. By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for by the time 到的时候为止（引导时间状语从句） by the time意为“到时候，在之前”，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时形式，则主句的谓语动词用将来时或将来完成时形式。eg. By the time he came back from abroad, his hometown had completely changed. 到去年为止，他已经去北京十次了。By the end of last year, he had been to Beijing ten times. By the time he is twelve, he will learn math all by himself. 到他十二岁的时候， 他将自学英语 By the time he comes, I will have finished my painting. 到他来的时候，我就已经完成这幅画了By the time you come home next time, the building will have been finished.到下次你回家的时候，这栋楼房就建起来了。8 Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras. 1) 不但而且, 既又, 除了之外还有 2) 与一样好 不比差eg. He sings as well as plays the piano. 他不但弹钢琴还唱歌 He can speak English as well as French. 他既说英语又说法语 He gave me money as well as some advice. 他不仅给了我一些建议，还给了我钱 eg. She cooks as well as her mother. She tries to learn painting as well as her desk mate. 她努力和她的同桌一样学好绘画 注意： as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数依据前面的主语确定，相同用法的还有：with, together with, along with, but , besides, rather than eg. He as well as his parents is kind to meNobody but my parents agrees with what I planned. 短语：may/ might as well do sth. 不如做 , 还是做的好 eg. I think you may as well tell her now. 我认为你还是现在告诉她的好9. However, it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.强调句： It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who注意：1) 强调的是人时，既可用that也可用 who 2) 去掉强调句型，原句子仍完整 eg. It was I who/ that met John in the street yesterday. It was John who/ that I met in the street yesterday. It was in the street that I met John yesterday. It was yesterday that I met John in the street. 10.As he grew older, he began to go deaf. 随着年龄的增长，他的耳朵聋了。go系动词，“变得；变成(某种状态)”；后接形容词。通常用于由好变坏的情况。Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.热天鱼容易坏。The well has gone dry. 井干了。After these long hours work, they had gone dead tired.工作了这么长时间，他们累得够呛。词语辨析：get, go, turn, come, become, grow它们都可用作连系动词，都有“变更”之意，后接形容词，也可接过去分词。其区别是：1)get强调造成事件的施动者发挥的作用或变化的结果。表示某种状态的变化，意思同becomeEat your dinner before it gets cold.趁饭还没变凉把它吃了。Things got worse and worse.事情变得越来越糟糕。2)go常表示不顾施动者的愿望而发生的变化，多用于表示坏情况。如mad, deaf,rotten, dry, bad, blind, hungry, wrongHer hair is starting to go grey.她的头发开始苍白。3)turn经常表示从某种状态向其对应状态转化的自然现象，也可用来表示颜色的变化。如果颜色转变后持续的时间很短或在非正式场合也可用go，其后加名词时，前不加冠词。The leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天叶子变成了黄色。His face went red when they made fun of him.5)become强调变化过程的持续性或结果。接名词作表语时要用冠词，但在职位，头衔前不用冠词。become和 turn比get和go更文雅Helen became increasingly anxious about her husbands strange behaviour.Helen对她丈夫的怪异行为变得越来越焦虑。He has become poor.He has become a teacher.He has become monitor of our class.6)grow强调动作的变化过程。表“渐变成”The sound was growing louder.声音变得越来越大了。Hes growing strong/weak/old/rich.The traffic lights_green and I pulled away.Acame BgrewCgot Dwent解析：句意：交通灯变成了绿色，我发动了汽车。答案：DHaving now_40, he feels that his footballing career is coming to an end.Agone BturnedCbecome Dentered答案：B Cultural Corner1 note: n. 1)n. 笔记；摘记2)n. 纸币；钞票 3)n. 注意 4)便条note book 笔记薄a 5 note 一张5英镑的纸币worthy of note 值得注意的Take note of what he says.注意（把铭记在心）他所说的。 make notes/a note of 记录，记下，写下 take note of 注意到,将给记在心 leave a note 留便条eg. I make a note of her address and phone number. 我记下了她的地址和电话号码eg. People were beginning to take note of her talents Take note of what the teacher says.notemake/take notes/a note of把记下来，做笔记/摘记leave a note for sb给留个便条 5)vt. 注意；留心 note sth down记录，记下Please note my words.请注意我的话。She noted that his hands were dirty.她注意到他的手很脏。 2.one of + 名词复数 “.之一”,“的一个”注意：“one of +复数名词”，其定语从句中如关系代词作主语，用复数谓语动词。但如果有the, the very, the only, right the等修饰one,则用单数谓语动词。eg. My brother is one of the students who _ passed the exams.eg. My brother is the only one of the students who _ passed the exams.the rest表示“剩下(的部分)；其余(的部分)”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数，取决于它所指代的词。I only borrowed some of the books and the rest are still there.我只借了其中一些书，其余的还在那儿。I need only a little orange; the rest is for you.我只需要一点儿橘子汁，其余的都给你。当all, most, half, plenty, enough, some, the rest, the following或分数、百分数等与of连接作主语时，其谓语动词需依据具体情况而定。如果of后面的部分为复数，谓语动词就用复数形式；如果of后面所接名词为不可数，谓语动词就用单数形式。Most of the teachers are against the proposal.大多数教师反对这个提议。Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the Johnsons.Aare BisCbeing Dto be答案：BGrammar时间状语从句在句子中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句。时间状语从句可以放在句首、句中或句尾。引导时间状语从句的词有when, while, as, before, after, until, as soon as, since, each time, next time, the moment, immediately, instantly等。用法例句when意为“当时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。从句中的动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用终止性动词。还可表示“正在这时”When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.过街道时，你一定要小心。I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door.当我正在看电视时，有人敲门。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.我在上海时，在一家外企工作。When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.（先）Well start when he comes（后）while引导时间状语从句，常意为“与同时，在期间”，从句中的动词常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。while引导让步状语从句，多用于句首。意为“尽管；虽然”。while作并列连词用，意思为“而；然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。They rushed in while we were discussing.当我们正在讨论时，他们冲了进来。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.当我正在玩电脑游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。While I admit his good points I can see his bad.尽管我承认他的长处，但我也看到了他的不足。Some people waste food while others havent enough.有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。用法例句as引导的时间状语从句，可以表示某事一发生，另一事立即发生；也可以表示在某事发生的过程中另一事发生；还可以表示两个动作同时发生。即主从句同时或紧接着发生。As the sun rose, the fog disappeared.太阳一出来雾就消散了。Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion.正当他在说话的时候，出现了一声巨响。As she sang, tears ran down her cheeks.她一边唱歌，眼泪一边从脸颊淌下。We get wiser as we get older.我们随着年龄的增长而变得聪明起来。before意为“在之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前，我们打扫了教室。It was two years before we met again.两年后我们才见面。It will not be long before you regret for what you have done.不久你就会为你的所作所为感到后悔的。用法例句after意为“在之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about.塑料袋用完之后，不准到处乱扔。He called me after he had finished his work.他在工作完成之后的给我打了个电话。since意为“自从”，引导时间状语从句时，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时，常用句型：“It is/has been一段时间since一般过去时的从句”意为“自从至今已经多久了”。从句中用终止性动词，译成肯定意义，从句中是延续性或状态动词，译成否定意思。She has lived here since she became a teacher.她自从当了教师就住在这儿。Where have you been since I last saw you？自从上次见到你以后，你到哪儿去了？We havent seen each other since we graduated.我们自从毕业后一直没见过面。It has been three years since they got married.自从他们结婚起起已经三年了。It has been three years since they stayed here.他们不在这儿已经三年了。用法例句until/till意为“直到时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是终止性动词时，主句常用否定形式，not.until.意为“直到才”。They will work on till sunset.他们将继续工作，直到日落。Ill stay here until you come back.我会呆在这里，直到你回来。He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。We didnt get home till 2 am.我们一直到凌晨两点钟才到家。as soon as意为“一就”，引导时间状语从句时，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。As soon as he heard the news, he jumped with joy.他一听到这个消息，高兴地跳了起来。用法例句once引导的时间状语从句暗含条件意味，意为“一旦就”。You will find physics easy to learn once you understand the rules.一旦你理解了规则，你就会发现物理并不难学。名词短语the moment, the minute, the instant, the time, the day, by the time, each time=every time, next time, any time, the first/second.last time等也可引导时间状语从句。The moment he reached the country, he started his search.他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。Every time I saw the straw hat, it reminded me of the tour I made years before.每当我看到那顶草帽，就使我想起几年前的那次旅行。I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.我第一次见到她就觉得她诚实而友善。By the time you arrived, the lecture had already ended.你到的时候，讲座已经结束了。用法例句immediately, instantly, directly等也可引导时间状语从句。Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet.校长一进来，大家就安静下来了。I will give you an answer immediately I have finished reading your file.我一读完你的档案就给你答复。Please give me a phone instantly you arrive.你一到就给我打电话。no sooner.than.和hardly/scarely.when.引导的时间状语从句，主句在前面，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started. (I had hardly reached the bus stop when the bus started.)我一到车站车就开了。32.过去完成时过去完成时主要用来指过去某一特定时间以前就完成的行为。过去完成时由“had过去分词”构成，had适用于各种人称和数，其否定式在had后面加not，变疑问句时把had提前。用法例句表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这个过去的时刻常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。When we arrived at the station, we found the train had already gone.当我们到达车站时，我们发现火车已经开走了。By the middle of last month I had lived in Beijing for five years.到上月中旬，我已在北京住了5年了。Jane had left before I arrived.我到之前简就走了。She found that she had left her luggage on the bus.她发现自己的行李落在公交车上了。She already knew the secret but no one had told her.她已经知道了这个秘密，可是没有人告诉过她。用法例句hope, wish, plan，want, mean, intend, attempt, think, expect等表示“打算，计划，希望，试图，认为”等的动词用于过去完成时表示“本打算(本计划、本希望、本认为)做而未做”。He had intended to speak, but time did not permit.他本想发言，可是时间不允许。I had hoped to be back last night, but I didnt catch the train.我本希望昨晚回来的，但没赶上火车。The boy had meant to come in but the teacher refused him.那男孩本想进来，但被老师拒绝了。We had planned to go on a picnic yesterday, but it was raining.我们本来计划昨天去野餐，但是天一直下雨。在hardly/scarcely.when.和no sooner.than.句式中，主句常用过去完