英语动词的基本形式及练习.doc

英语动词的基本形式及练习一、概述动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。如：表示动作的动词go,do,write,work,like,enter等；表示状态的动词be,keep,feel,sound 等。二、动词的分类1、单个动词和短语动词根据构词方式，动词分为单个动词和短语动词。（1）单个动词；由一个单词构成。如；come, go, brush, hope, need等。If anybody calls, tell them Im out, and ask them to leave their name and address. 如果有人打电话，告诉他我出去了，请他留下姓名和地址。The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their belongings when they leave the car. 出租汽车司机提醒顾客临下车时带走他们的物品。Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls? 你认为明星队会打败公牛队吗？Yes. They have better players, so I expect them to win. 会的。他们有更好的队员，所以我预料他们会赢。They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 他们注视着火车直到消失在远方。All the leading newspapers reported the trade talks between China and the United States. 各大主要报纸都报道了中美两国贸易谈判的消息。（2）短语动词：由两个或两个以上单词构成。短语动词常有以下几种组合：动词+副词动词+away, back, out, ahead, forward, aside, up, on, over, off等构成的动词短语，如：set up, put on, give up, bring out, make out等。“及物动词+副词”相当于一个及物动词；如果其宾语是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间。也可放在副词后面；若其宾语为人称代词，则须把宾语置于动词和副词之间，其后必须有宾语。常见的短语：back up支持，blow up炸毁，call off取消，bring up抚养，cut off切断carry out执行，give away送掉，分发，放弃，泄露，出卖，让步，陷下，find out 查明，hand in上交，give up放弃，look up查找，hand out分发，make up构成，make out认出，point out指出，pick up拣起，put forward提出，put off取消，ring up打电话，put on穿上，set off出发，see off送行，set up建立，set aside留出，宣告无效，take off脱下，take in吸收，受骗“不及物动词+副词”相当于一个不及物动词，这种动词结构不能接宾语，也不用于被动语态。常见的短语：break down毁掉，制服，压倒，停顿，倒塌，中止，come to 苏醒，die away逐渐消失，drop out退出，give in让步，grow up长大，knock off停工，look out当心，pass away去世，run out 耗尽，show off炫耀，turn up出现，fall through失败，fall out争吵，pass out死，不复存在，blow over结束，come off成功，look up改进，有起色，come out开花，make off逃跑，fall back后退，make up 和好，fall off下降，catch on理解，pull up停下,crop up 发生，出现We thought the matter over. 或：We thought over the matter.我仔细考虑过这个问题。She put it on and went out.她穿上它出去了。而不能：She put on it and went out.News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. 有消息报道那两个国家的和平谈判没达成任何协议而失败。We didnt plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well. 我们原本没有计划那样搞艺展，但效果不错。Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to go out.没人注意到小偷溜进房子因为恰巧灯熄了。She looked up his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. 她在电话簿里查看他的号码来核实她的号码是否准确。It is wise to have some money put away for old age. 为晚年存点钱是明智的。I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please turn it up? 我听不到收音机的声音，请你把音量调大点。动词+介词动词+at, for, from, into, of, to , with等，构成的动词短语总是介词型的。这类动词相当于一个及物动词，宾语只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词与介词之间。常见的短语：act on按采取行动， account for 说明，apply for申请，amount to 等于，believe in信仰，attend to关照，break through冲破，break into闯入，come across遇见，consist of由组成，deal with对付，处理，do without废除，improve upon改进，insist on坚持，complain of(about)抱怨，look after照料，look into 调查，object to反对，operate on手术，read of 读到，approve of赞成，满意，dream of梦到，conceive of想象，add to增加，adjust to适应，admit to承认，allow for允许，agree on(with, to)同意，aim at瞄准，argue about争辩，arrange for安排，ask for要求，call on 访问，agree on对.达成协议； 对.取得一致意见，care for喜欢，concentrate on集中，contribute to贡献，hear of(about)听说，hope for 希望，insist on 坚持，listen to听， work on从事于, 致力于， go over复习，speak of说起， think about考虑，think of考虑，关心，想起， refer to查阅，提到，谈到，打听，break into破门而入，侵占，rely on依靠，provide for提供，pay for付款，live on靠生存等。We are thinking of going to France. 我们考虑到法国去。The teacher told us to look at the blackboard. 老师叫我们看黑板。动词+副词+介词 这类结构的短语动词相当于一个及物动词。常见的短语： catch up with 赶上，go in for从事，come down with患病，look down upon轻视，date back to追溯到，look up to 尊敬，get away with逃避惩罚，keep away from，避免，get along with/get on with，与相处 break away from脱离，stand up for包围，支持，go on with 继续，put up with忍受，live up to 不负于，实现，sit in on旁听，look forward to期望，watch out for 留神，make up for补偿，check up on核对，调查，run out of用光，come in for得到，受到，check out of 付账离开，drop out of 推出，get away with成功，逃避，fill in for代替，get through理解，打通电话，come up to 达到，符合，listen in to听广播，get back at报仇，hold on to 抓住，keep up with跟上，come up with得出，get through with完成，cut down on减少，read up to 专攻，研究，do away with废除，break in on打扰，get down to认真从事，look in on访问，看望，face up to 面对， look out for警惕，turn out for 出席等。We thought of selling this old furniture. But weve decided to hold on to it. It might be valuable. 我们本想把旧家具卖掉，可是我们还是决定继续保留下它。这家具说不定挺值钱的。We will live up to what our parents expect of us.我们决不辜负父母亲对我们的期望。I cant put up with your hypocrisy any more. 我再也不能容忍你的虚伪态度了。动词+名词（+介词） 这类短语动词相当于及物动词，需要跟宾语，既可以作谓语动词，也可以作非谓语动词，这类短语动词大多可以构成被动语态，而且常有两种构成方式：把短语动词中的名词作为被动语态的主语；把短语动词后的介词宾语作为被动语态的主语。常见的短语：catch sight of看见，draw ones attention吸引注意力，get rid of摆脱，make much of重视，keep an eye on留意，lay foundation for为打基础，make fun of取笑，keep pace with赶上，make use of利用，lay hold of抓住，pay attention to注意，lay emphasis(stress) on强调，take care of照顾，make a mess of 弄糟，take part in 参加，make mention of 提到，find fault with 挑毛病，make a fool of愚弄，give rise to引起，set fire to放火，lose sight of看不见，make friends with交友，take account of考虑，put an end to 结束，take head of 注意，take advantage of利用，take hold of抓住，take notice of注意到，take exception of开除等。These houses were set fire to by the enemy soldiers.那些房子被敌军放火烧了。Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves.节约便士, 英镑自然会积累起来。To this he didnt pay the slightest attention.这件事一点也没有引起他的注意。be+形容词+介词：be sure of(about)确定，be fond of喜欢 ， be used to习惯， be worthy of值得等。He is fond of music.他喜欢音乐。I have been used to the life her.我已经习惯这里的生活了。2、行为动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词从其含义来分，动词可分为行为动词(notional verb)、连系动词(link verb)、情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类:类别举例行为动词work， study， swim连系动词be， seem， become情态动词shall， will， do助动词can， may， must（1）行为动词：有完整的意义，能独立作谓语的动词。及物动词及物动词可以有宾语，可以由被动语态，如make, build, open等。Watch him and then try to copy what he does注意观看他，然后试着照他做的去做。As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends. 当我们进入人群时，我和我的朋友被分开了。I dont know the restaurant, but itssaid to be quite a good one. 我不了解那家饭店，但据说是一家很好的饭店。I rang the bell.我按了铃。不及物动词Let Harry play with your toys as well , Clare you must learn to share. 让哈里斯也玩你的玩具，克莱尔，你必须学会分享。She ran faster than him.她比他跑得快。-What did you think of her speech? 你认为她的讲演怎么样？-She spoke for one hour but didnt say much. 她讲了一小时，但并没说出多少（事）。动作动词 a.活动动词 这类动词表示各种活动，可用于进行时态，如：do, play, ask, drink, rain等。The children were playing with a ball. 孩子们在玩球。Would you like sth. to drink? 你想喝点什么吗？b.过程动词这类动词表示情况的改变，可用于进行时态，如turn, become, grow, change等。This design of resident buildings is becoming / getting fashionable.这种住宅楼的设计正在逐渐流行起来。Nothing will change him, and he will always be the same.什么也改变不了他,他始终是那个样子。注意：非延续性动词不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。He has joined the club for a long time.(误)He has been a member of the club for a long time.他加入俱乐部很长时间了。（正）状态动词状态动词表示非活动性的静止状态，不用于进行时态。但这些动词如果转义成为动态动词时可以用进行时态。a.感官动词 see, feel, hear, taste, smell等，这类动词表示不自觉的、无意义的活动。I see a picture on the wall.我看见墙上有一幅画。I heard a loud noise. 我听见一声巨响。b.心理、情感、状态动词believe, consider, desire, dislike, doubt, forget, fear, hate, hope, imagine, know, like, love, mind, object, prefer, remember, suppose, think, understand, want, wish, worship, assume, care, envy, expect, regret, feel(=think), find, mean, notice, interest等，不用进行时。Mr. Smith was believed to be an accessory to the murder.史密斯被认为是该谋杀案的同犯。I hope that fortune may smile upon you.我希望幸运之神会向你微笑。I regret to say I cannot come. 很抱歉，我不能来了。c.拥有、关系动词belong to , consist of, contain, cost, deserve, equal, observe, fit, hold, equal, include, involve, lack, matter, need, owe, own, remain, require, apply, to, differ, stand for, have, exist, depend on, benefit from等，不用于进行时态。That book belongs to me. 那本书属于我。The United kingdom includes Northern Ireland and Wales.联合王国包括北爱尔兰和威尔士。He holds an important position at the bank. 他在这家银行里担任一个重要的职务。 My husband and I hold conflicting opinions on this matter.对于这件事,我和丈夫的意见相左。心理使动词 所谓心理使动词是指那些使人产生某种心理反应、心理活动的动词。这类动词大都有“使”的意思，但不是使役动词，是表示使人感到怎样，使之产生某种（喜悦、恐怖、沮丧等）心理活动。主语一般是物(偶尔可以是人)，宾语只能是人；均有-ed和-ing形式，可以作定语和表语，动词的-ed形式作定语和表语时，主语或被其修饰的此应是表示人的名词。-ing形式作定语和表语时，主语或被其修饰的词应是表示物的名词；被动语态中，使动者多由at, with, in about引导；-ed和-ing形式状态意味强，有些已经形容词化了，能用rather, more, very, quite等副词修饰，且同feel, seem等动词连用。a.表示激动、喜悦、满意 excite, thrill, flatter, fascinate, encourage, delight, please, strike, satisfy, interest等。She was flattered at the invitation.受到邀请她受宠若惊。The story about a hero excited the little boys very much.那个英雄的故事使小男孩们兴奋不已。b. 表示惊讶、困惑 puzzle, frighten, bewilder, surprise, shock, horrify, confuse, astonish, upset, disappoint, amazeThis letter puzzles me. 这封信使我迷惑不解.His anger surprised me - I had thought he was a calm person.他的愤怒使我很惊讶，我原来以为他是个冷静的人。c.表示烦躁、厌恶bore, distress, worry, depress, bother, annoy, irritate, trouble, tireIm bored with this job. 我对这件工作厌烦了。The complexities of life bothered me.生活的杂乱事儿使我心烦。（2）连系动词连系动词本身有词义，但须与表语结合充当谓语动词。连系动词有三种词汇意义a.表示某种持续的状态常用词：rest, stand, lie, continue, keep, stay, burn等。Keep quiet， please! 请安静！The same remark stands good.这句话同样有效。 How can you stay so cool, calm and collected after such a hot argument?这样一场激烈的争论过后，你怎么还能保持如此心平气和,镇静自若? b.表示具有某种性质、特征和出于某种状态。 常用词：sit, smell, live, sound, mean, feel, seem, appear, taste, awake, remain, stand等。I love to go to the seaside in summer. It feels good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. 夏天我喜欢到海边去，躺在阳光下或在凉爽的海水里游泳我感到无比愉快。The man seemed ill. 这个人好像病了。c.表示动词的动作和过程所产生的结果或状态。常用动词：go, grow, prove, turn, fall, become, come, turn out等。 His wishes have come true.他的愿望变成了现实。She became a doctor after graduation.毕业后她当了一名医生。系动词的五种语法结构 a.系动词+形容词 常用词：come, sound, look, feel, smell, fall, sit, turn, remain, taste, keep, prove, grow, go, seem, stand, 等。The bread has gone bad.面包坏了。This tea tastes sweet.这茶的味道很香。b.系动词+名词常用词：seem, prove, remain, become, turn, fall等。Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman. 彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。He turned teacher.他当老师了。（turn跟名词作表语，名词前不加冠词）c.系动词+分词 常用词：come, become, get, feel, look, prove, seem, appear, grow, pass, remain, get 等。He looked worried today.今天她看上去很着急。He became very excited.他很激动。系动词+介词短语常用词：sound, appear, smell, keep, prove, remain等。I went to the city, but my brother remained at home. 我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。The man appeared at ease.那个人看上去很安逸。系动词+副词常用词：keep, prove, continue等。They kept together in the struggle.他们在战斗中紧密团结。The girl flushed up at the words.那个姑娘听到这些话后脸红了。（3）情态动词：表示说话人对所说行为的看法，必须与其他动词一起构成谓语。详见第十四章情态动词部分。（4）助动词：助动词本身没有意义，不能独立作谓语，必须与其他动词一起构成谓语。表现于否定、疑问、强调以及时态、语态、语气、人称和数等特征。详见第十四章助动词和情态动词部分。3、谓语动词和非谓语动词根据动词在句中能否作谓语，可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。（1）谓语动词：能在句子中作谓语，并有人称和数的变化。I love our country.我爱我们的国家。He is a teacher.他是一位教师。（2）非谓语动词：有不定式、动词的-ing和动词-ed形式三种，在句子中不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。详见第十三章。三、动词的基本形式英语动词本身具有四种基本形式，即现在时形式（present tense form）、过去时形式（past tense form）、过去分词形式（past participle form）和现在分词形式（present participle form）。1、现在时形式现在时形式包括动词原形和动词的单数第三人称（-s/-es）形式。（1）动词原形即前面不带to的动词不定式形式。如：be， get， study， love等（2）动词单数第三人称（-s/-es）形式，即当主语是第三人称单数时，动词的几种形式。如：helps， makes， leaves等。具体变化规则及构成如下表：规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般动词的词尾加-s(清辅音后读s，浊辅音或元音后读z)helpmakegetrideswimleaveknowplayhelp helpsmakes meiksgets getsrides raidzswims swimzleaves li:vzknows plays pleiz以字母s， x， ch， sh或o结尾的动词加-es（读iz，词尾已有e，只加-s）guessfixteachwashgocloseguesses gesizfixes fiksizteaches ti:tizwashes goes g uz closes kl uziz 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es（读z）flycarrystudyfiles flaizcarries krizstudies 2、动词的过去时形式和过去分词形式分为规则-ed和不规则两种。规则动词（regular verb）的过去式和过去分词的构成是在动词原形后加-ed，其构成规则及变化如下：在清辅音后读t在元音和浊辅音后读d在辅音t、d后读id在动词后加-edworked finished helped followed stayed called enteredwanted rested以-e结尾的动词加-dhoped likedjoked agreed believed lived changed以辅音字母ty结尾的动词先将y变i再加-edcarried triedstudied 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母后再加-edclappedstoppedplannedpreferredreferredregrettedpermittedadmitted个别双音节动词，尽管重音在第一个音节，但也要双写末尾的辅音字母，然后再加--travelled， total-totalled， level-levelled. 但请注意，美国英语不双写。travel-traveled.至于不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成是不规则的，必须熟记。3、动词的v-ing形式由动词原形词尾加-ing构成。其构成方法如下表：规则原形-ing一般在原形末尾加-inggoask studygoingaskingstudying以不发音的e结尾的动词先去掉e，再加-ingwritetakebecomewritingtakingbecoming以重读闭音节结尾的动词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加-inggetsitputrunbegingettingsittingputtingrunningbeginning（1）动词结尾为辅音字母r时，加-ing ，r在此必须发音。enterent enteringint rianswera:ns answeringa:ns ri（2）send， think， accept等动词是闭音节或重读闭音节结尾，但词尾有一个以上的辅音字母，这个辅音字母不双写，应直接加-ing，如：sending， thinking， accepting。（3）少数以-ie结尾的动词，需将-ie变为-y，再加-ing。diedying tietying lielying四、一些常见词与词组的比较1、see, look; hear, listen see和hear是感官动词，表示一种不自觉、无意识的感觉，人们有视力就能看见（see）,有听力就能听见（hear）.see 和hear一般不用于进行时中。look 和listen时动作动词，表示的是有意识的动作，强调“看”和“听”的两个动作，不表示“看”和“听”的结果。We looked but saw nothing.我们看了, 可是什么也没看到。We listened but we heard nothing.我们听着,但什么也没听见。2、look, gaze, stare, glare, peek, peer look, gaze, stare, glare, peek, peer都含“看”的意思。look是常用词, 指“注意或有意识地看”The teacher told us to look at the blackboard.老师叫我们看黑板。gaze指“由于惊讶、好奇、喜悦、同情或感兴趣而目不转睛地看”What are you gazing at?你在凝视什么?stare指“睁大眼睛、目不转睛地盯着看”Its rude to stare at people.盯着看人不礼貌。glare指由于“羡幕、恐惧、惊讶或愚蠢而用恐吓、凶狠或愤怒的眼光看”He glared at her.他向她瞪眼。peek指“偷看”、“通过孔隙窥视”You must not peek while you are counting in such games as hide-and-seek.象捉迷藏一类游戏中, 你数数时绝对不能偷看。peer指“细看”He was peering down the well.他细看下面的井。3、lay和lie原形过去式过去分词V-ing词义用法lielaylain lying躺，位于不及物动词lieliedliedlying说谎不及物动词laylaid laidlaying放置；产卵及物动词Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东部。He was lying in the shade of the tree. 他正躺在树荫下。Im sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了谎。Dont lay your coat on the bed.不要把你的外衣放在床上。The hen laid three eggs. 母鸡下了三个蛋。4、arise, rise和raise原形过去式过去分词V-ing词义用法arisearosearisenarising出现，发生， 起因于不及物动词riseroserisenrising升起，起身，增长, 上升, 不及物动词raiseraisedraisedraising举起，唤起， 提高， 饲养, 及物动词That question did not arise. 那个问题没有出现。How did this quarrel arise?这场争吵是由于何种原因引起的?The sun rose at seven oclock. 太阳七点钟升起。He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。These families may raise children as their chief occupation, leaving the childless families free to move from job to job.这些家庭将抚养孩子作为他们的主要职业,让不带孩子的家庭自由地从一种工作转换到另一种工作。5、say, tell, speak, talk say指用语言表达思想，意思是说强调说的内容，可接单词、词组或句子，也可以接直接引语。但不能跟表示某种语言的词作宾语。He said he wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。Say it again in English.用英语再说一遍。Be polite and say Please and Thank you .要有礼貌, 说“请”, “谢谢你”。tell意为告诉某人关于某事或某种情况，后面可接双宾语，常接的名词：the truth, lies, a secret, a story, a joke, the news, the facts等。tell 可用于,tell sb to do sth,其他三个不能。Tell me what happened.告诉我发生了什么事。He couldnt tell which house it was. 他分不出是哪一栋房子。talk 指同某人谈话或谈论某事，用于talk to(with) sb. about sth.。talk 还常同nonsense, sense , rubbish, business, the situation等连用。Today Id like to talk about the Congress of the United States.今天,我想谈一谈美国的国会。Dont talk nonsense！别废话！speak 可以用作及物动词，表示说某种语言；在表示说话这个动作时是不及物动词。常用于：speak about(of) sth.; speak to sb.。She can speak three languages.她会说三种语言。He spoke before the United Nation in New York.他在纽约向联合国发表演说。6、tell, instruct, inform 这组近义词的一般含义是“把某消息或某件事转达给别人”。tell最通用，最不正式。它的含义是“把某事告诉某人”。它也含有给人以“指示”的意思，即“叫某人做某事”。Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. 他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖过了。While we were waiting to land, the air-hostess told us to keep calm当我们等待着陆的时候，一位飞机乘务员叫我们保持镇静。它的含义可以是“讲述某件事”。He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.他现在比任何人都能更多地向我们讲述有关活火山的情况。instruct可以表示给某人以“指示”，不同于tell的地方在于这个词正式些。这是因为这个词的原义为teach。此外，instruct还可以表示“通知”，即“把某事告知某人”。The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.编辑立即给这位记者发了一份电报，叫他查明台阶的准确数目以及围墙的高度。注意：由于instruct的原义是teach，所以这个词一般用于上级对下级或长辈对晚辈的指令。而tell却没有这层含义。在表示“通知”时，这个词和inform的差别也在于此。inform的含义是“向某人传递信息”。虽然它可以表示把任何别人不知道的事情说出来，以使人知晓，但是这个词特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料。I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head-master, Mr Reginald Page, will be retiring next week.我刚接到母校的一封信，通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德佩奇先生将于下星期退休。be well informed about sth.精通某事; 对某事消息灵通注意：inform可以用于上级对下级，也可以用于下级对上级的通知。7、sit和seat原形过去式过去分词V-ing词义用法sitsatsatsitting坐不及物动词seatseatedseatedseating使坐及物动词He sat in a chair. 他坐在椅子里。Sitting in the chair， he began to speak.坐在椅子上，他开始讲话。Seated in the chair， he began to speak.坐在椅子上，他开始讲话。He seated himself at a writing table.他在写字台前坐下。8、beat, defeat和winwin作及物动词时意为“赢得”，后接比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品或钱的名词。Beat意为“战胜，打败”，后接对手；defeat意为“击败”，更多指战斗中击溃敌人。The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败了。We played the top class at football but we couldnt beat them. 我们踢足球是一流水平, 但是我们不能战胜他们。Who won the race? I won but David came second. 谁在赛跑中获胜了？我获胜了，不过大卫跑第二。 He won a prize. 他得了奖。9、affect, influence, touch, impress, move这组动词的一般含义为使人或能作出反应的物产生或受到影响。affect 的宾语是物时，它包含着足以引起反应的刺激，有时包含一定的改变。The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health 天气稍有变化就会影响她那脆弱而娇嫩的身体。当affect的宾语是人时，它表示引起心智上或感情上的影响，即感动。He was in no way affected by their misery. 他们的惨状一点也没打动他的心。We are lucky in that only the lower fields, which make up a very small proportion of our farm, are affected by flooding.我们的运气好，因为只有占我们农场极少部分的较低的田地受到洪水的影响。influence 所表示的影响包含着“力量”，比如“他是个有影响的人物”。有时它包含着“诱使”的意思。They, having first persuaded themselves, contrive to influence their neighbours. 他们首先自己信服了之后，便设法诱使邻居No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been neglected. 在工业生活的组织中，工厂对工人的生理和心理状态上的影响完全被忽视了。touch 所表示的“感动”有些像汉语的“感触”，它总含有密切接触的意思。此外，touch在表示使人或物受到影响或感动时，总有如下的内涵：激发、搅起、伤害等等。I do not wish to do anything which may touch your credit.我不想做任何会影响你的荣誉的事情。Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they