英语课1-8周翻译PPT打印.doc

幻灯片1第二周科技英语翻译中的常用技巧l 五种技巧： 转译法、省译法、增译法、还原法、倒置法l 词类的转译l 名词转译l 1.转译为动词l 1) 具有动作意义的名词或动名词的转译l (1)Television is the transmission and reception of images and moving objects by radio waves.l (2)The transfer of information from one part of the computer to another depends on the electric current being conducted over wires.l (3) The tests indicate that a countercurrent flow of gases and solids is necessary in the reactor.l (4) Laser has the applicability to many fields of science and the adaptability to practical uses.l (5) A one-celled animal or plant cannot, of course, survive the destruction of its one cell.幻灯片2 (6) Reversing the direction of the current reverses the direction of its lines of force. (7)No other changes occur upon mixing the two compounds. (8) This kind of the pipes can be used for carrying air, gas, water, etc.2) 某些由动词作词根+er（或or)构成的名词，当它并不能真正表示个人的职业，而具有较强的动作意义时，可将其转译为动词。 (1) Professor Wang was the instructor of our experiment. (2) He was a good calculator, so we considered the answer correct. (3) He was our good supporter.幻灯片33） 某些中心词是名词的习语话动词词组，其中心词可转译为动词。 (1) Anyone who has a look at an old radio set will remember the large, heavy vacuum tube and other components. (2) He had a good knowledge of chemistry.4) 某些中心词是名词的介词短语，其中心词可转译为动词。 (1) A body is negatively charged when it has electrons in excess of its normal number. (2) Most experiments at every temperature are made with the help of liquid helium. (3) With the use of the increased temperature and pressure, the oil is cracked into lighter or heavier fractions. 幻灯片4 2. 转译为形容词 (1) Single crystals of high perfection are an absolute necessity for the fabrication of integrated circuits.(2) He found some difficulties to design a power plant without an electronic computer.(3) The electrical conductivity has great importance in selecting electrical materials.(4) I am a stranger to the operation of this kind of machine.l 英语形容词的转译l 1. 转译为动词l (1) This system makes these chemicals soluble in water and thus easier to transport for eventual excretion through the kidneys and lower intestines.l (2) If low-cost power becomes available from nuclear plants, the electricity crisis would be solved.l (3) We are all familiar with the fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving of itself.l (4) The design calculations will serve as an illustrative application of the theory of semiconductor device. 转译为名词(1) Experiments indicate that the new chip is about 1.5 times integrative as that of the old ones.(2) The electrolytic process for producing hydrogen is not so efficient as the thermochemical process.(3) In fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive.(4) Computers are more flexible, and can do a greater variety of jobs.转译为副词 (1) With slight repairs, the old type of motor can be used. (2) A steady increase of load on a part will cause it to deform gradually. (3) FACTS are fairly recent development.l 英语动词的转译（一般情况下可转译为名词）l (1) The instrument is characterized by its compactness and portability.l (2) Coating thickness range from one-tenth mm to 2 mm.l (3) An electron or an atom behaves in some ways as though it were a group of waves.l 英语中副词的转译l 转译成形容词l (1) Members of the group are not so closely related to each other as are the elements in the halogen family.l (2) This communication system is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of operation and the ease with which it can be maintained.l (3) The universal lathe is most widely used and plays an important part in industry.l (4) Such robots controlled by large electronic computer impressed us deeply.l (5) The electrode is uniformly thin.l (6) His basic studies on the retina are considered the foundation for practically every advance in the neurophysiology of vision.l (7) It is a matter of common observation that gases are perfectly elastic.l 2. 转变为名词 (1) Sodium(钠) is very active chemically. (2) The air-conditioning unit is shown schematically on page.2. (3) Gold is an important metal but it is essentially changed by mans treatment of it.3. 转译为动词 (1) Today chemical experiment is over.(2) We are up against one of the great mysteries of the universe the riddle of electricity.(3) Before long his thoughts were centered on the use of electric motor as driving power, instead of steam-engine. 介词的转译 (1) The chlorine from salt is used for bleaching paper and textiles. (2) There are many substances through which electric currents will not pass at all. (3) The term laser stands for amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. (4) The volume of a gas becomes smaller when the pressure upon it is increased. (5) This electric meter is of high sensibility.l 句子成分的转译l 主语的转译l 1. 转移为宾语l (1) Much progress has been made in electrical engineering in less than a century.l (2) The molecules are held together by attractive forces.l (3) The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of generator.l 2. 转译为谓语l (1) Care should be taken to protect the instrument from dust and dump.l (2) Attention is necessary to prevent the electronic instrument from damaging.l (3) Attempts were made to develop a new electrical power source. (4) There were many attempts to use “Hertzian waves” to carry messages in a similar way. (5) The prevention of certain types of cancer is distinctly within the realm of possibility. (6) The lightness and cheapness of the substance recommended it for architectural decoration. (7) Were there no friction, transmission of motion would be impossible.17 3. 转译为定语 (1) Evidently semiconductors have a lesser conducting capacity than metals. (2) The electric machines are well-designed structure. (3) The chapter concludes with a brief description of a robust controller design method using parameter optimization methods. 4. 转译为状语 (1) The recent decades have used digital computer technique to improve the performance of more complex processes.(2) The 20th century has seen the great development of electronic computer industry with the opening up and reforming of China. (3) The result of his revolutionary design is that the engine is much smaller, works more smoothly, and has fewer moving parts. (4) The final fate of these two remarkable locomotives does not seem to have been recorded.l 谓语的转译l 1. 转译为主语l (1)This article aims at discussing new developments in component material and techniques.l (2) Cotton and linen burn quickly and easily, and smell like burning paper.l (3) In the stomach, this acid functions to kill bacteria in foods.l 2. 转译为定语l (1) Installing position of fuse box is selected in an adequate place for inspection.l (2) In the above formula the same notation has been used as in earlier formulas given in this section.l (3) The landscape of the moon was seen to have mountain range and craters great and small.l 3. 转译为状语l (1) It concentrated on installing radio in ships.l (3) After more experiments, Galileo succeeded in making a much better telescope.l 宾语的转译l 1. 转译为主语l (1) Water has a density of 62.4 pounds per cubic foot.l (2) Steam turbines provide a relatively small loss of energy.l 2. 转译为定语l (1) Much later Hertz demonstrated radio waves in a primitive manner.l 表语的转译l 1. 转译为主语l (1) One of the first men to work with such reactors was the great English scientist Michael Faraday.l (2) A great contribution of Edison was the carbon microphone.l 2. 转译为谓语1. (1) In its early stages cancer is a local collection of cells and is easily removed.1. (2) At present some old types of engines are still in use. 3. 转译为定语 (1) In their laboratory few instruments are valuable. 4. 转译为状语 (1) This construction is probably difficult to develop.5. 转译为宾语 (1) It was not all glory and success in the early days of the hydro-electric power stations. (2) Some chemicals substances are strongly colored.l 定语的转译l 1. 转译为主语1. (1) Today probably the largest single turbine in the world is a 50,000 kw unit in Russia.l (2) The idea of obtaining potable water from wastewater is a psychologically difficult one for many people to accept.l 2.转译为谓语l (1) The highest rate of recovery was at 110C whereas the lowest rate was at 50 C .l (2) There is a large amount of energy wasted due to the fraction of commutator. 3. 转译为状语 (1) They were employed in medieval Egypt to press the juice from sugar-cane. (2) Only when we five full play to mans initiative can we make full use of machines to transform nature. 4. 转译为宾语 (1) He is on a sales trip to Russia.5. 转译为补语 (1) By dialing the right number, you can select it.l 状语的转译l 1. 转译为主语l The device is shown schematically in Fig. 8.l 2. 转译为定语l In this calculation, it makes few mistakes.省译法l 冠词的省译l (1) In a word, the purpose of electric circuits is to distribute and convert electric energy into some other forms.l (2) The higher the speed, the higher the efficiency.l 代词的省译l (1) One can never be too careful in ones work.l (2) A battery has within it some resistance called internal resistance.l (3) It is raining now.l (4) The gas distributes itself uniformly throughout a container.l (5) Todays engines are of much greater difference from those used in the past.l 介词的省译l (1) On May the second, he had an experiment on this circuit.l (2) This light has a resistance of 120 ohms.l 连词的省译l (1) Telephone communication is now wide spread and efficient.l (2) Let us go and try it again.l 动词的省译l (1) When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.l (2) The experiment result is rather good.l 名词的省译l (1) This method is the most widely used method. l (2) Since this radiation is invisible, it is of no use for illumination purpose.增译法l The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of other ordinary patients.l As we know, all matter consists of molecules, and molecules of atoms.l If they should not get the data, they would not know and solve the problem.l Do be careful not to mix the liquids.还原法l In any case, work does not include time, but power does.l Conductors conduct electricity, while insulators do not.l The conductor has its properties, and the insulator has its properties.倒置法l Yesterday they installed that automatic thermal regulator.l Temperature can be measured easily.l The principle that gas can do work while expanding has been applied to the steam engine.l It is our task to build up a chemical plant station somewhere by the end of the year.第二周词类转换法2Warming-up Practicel The shadow cast by an object is long or short according as the sun is high up in the heaven or near the horizon.l （物体投影的长短取决于太阳是高挂天空还是靠近地平线。）l High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy.l （高精度意味着高度的精确度，但并不表明具有准确性。）l They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increasel （他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。）l He is an enemy to reform.l （他反对改革。）l Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.l （国与国社会制度的不 同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。l I am afraid I cant teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I.l （恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。）l The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.l （操作电脑需要一些英语知识。名词转译成动词l （一）具有动态意义的名词（1） “ of ” 结构翻译顺序：顺译与逆译l These depressing pumps ensure contamination-free transfer of abrasive fluids such as acids, dyes and alcohol.l (在输送酸、染料、醇等腐蚀性强的流体时，这类压缩泵能保证输送无污染)l What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions.l (就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。)17 Many people in industry, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time. (工业部门中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。) An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. (熟悉世界历史有助于研究时事政治。） One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world. Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russias refusal.l （二）英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词，并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。l l The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.l （看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的（机声），令我们特别神l 往。）l As the week draw to a close, the enemy rout was complete.l （一周快结束时， 敌人彻底溃退了。）l （三）英语中有些以后缀 er, -or 结尾的名词，在句中并指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，需要翻译为动词。l l I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.l （我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。）l Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings.l (在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。)l He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.l （他不抽烟，但他老爸是烟鬼。）l （四）短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词l l The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.l （下一个新闻节目比平常短，并没有提到这次示威。）l She had high praise for Dr. Smith, although she complained about his strictness.l （尽管她抱怨史密斯的严格，还是高度赞美了他。）l The party branch secretary showed great concern for the students health.l （党支书非常关心同学们的健康。）l He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.l （他已经在讲话中提起过此事了。）Exercisesl l During the half-hour talk, the two sides exchanged views on the choice of terms of payment, but they made no mention of the mode of transportation. l （在半小时的谈话中，双方就选择付款条件交换了意见，但并没有提到运输模式。）l The analysis will require the development of new theoretical tools but should be within our grasp in the next few years.l （分析要求发展应该在近几年能够实现新的理论工具。） 介词转译成动词 The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. ( 发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。) He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand. ( 他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。) It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty. (我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。) The company has advertised in the newspaper for electronic experts. (公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。)17幻灯片38Exercisesl In any machine, input work equals output work plus work done against friction.l (输入功都等于输出功加上克服摩擦所做的功。)l This type of film develops in twenty minutes.l (冲洗此类胶片需要20分钟。)l An analog computer manipulates data by analog means.l （模拟计算机采用模拟方式处理数据。）l The air plane barreled straight ahead, across the harbor and over the sea.l （飞机笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。）l Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lampsl （党的干部吃简陋的食物，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间的工作着。） 形容词转译为动词 Integrity means you do what you do because its right and not just fashionable or politically correct. (诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了赶时髦或在政治上不出错。) Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are. (不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。) Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laboratory equipment? ( 史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？)Exercisesl If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics. l (如果我们不知道原子结构，我们就不可能学习核物理。）l They were suspicious and resentful of him.l （他们怀疑他、讨厌他。）l They were not content with their present achievements.l （他们不满足于目前的成绩。）l The top-ranking Asian specialist was not sure whether the policy could save the situation.l （高级亚洲问题专家不敢肯定这一策略是否能够挽救时局。l The circuits are connected in parallel in the interest of a small resistance.l （将电路并联是为了减小电阻。） If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear power plants, electrolytic hydrogen would become competitive. （如果能从大型核电站获得成本极低的电力，电解氢就会具有更大的竞争力。）Once inside the body, the vaccine separates from the gold particles and becomes “active”. （一旦进入体内，疫苗立即与微金粒分离并“激活”。） It is no wonder that scientists around the world are racing to harness fusion. But the race is costly and time consuming. （难怪全世界的科学家都在展开竞争，要驾驭聚变过程。但这一竞争既消耗资金又耗费时间。）17幻灯片42副词转译为动词l What film will be on this evening?（今晚放映什么影片？）l That book will be out pretty soon.（那本书不久就要出版了。）l In those years the republicans were in. （那些年是共和党执政。）l Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out. （安装双层窗御寒。）l The fatigue life test is over. （疲劳寿命试验结束了。）l If one generator is out of order, the other will produce electricity instead.（如果一台发电机发生故障，另一台便代替它发电。）l l Such service will certainly go far in extending the life cycle of older equipment.（这种保养肯定会在延长陈旧设备的使用周期中大有作为。） 动名词转译成动词l The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing.l （这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。） 动词转译为名词 The book did not impress me at all. （那本书没留给我什么印象。） Harry aims to become a computer expert. （哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。） Your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail. （你工作的毛病是不注意细节） The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms. （这台机器的重量是500公斤。）17When light falls on certain things, it bounces back, which we say the light is reflected.（光照到某种物体上会弹回来，我们把这种情况称之为光的反射。）注意： 如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或搭配起来不符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名词，再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。The youths always dream fondly of their futu