Module 1 Small Talk语言要点正误辨析.doc

高二外研新标准 选修6 第一模块语言要点正误辨析1. 既然你是一个新手，你就应当避开市中的行驶。误：Since you are a new driver, you should avoid to drive in the center of town.正：Since you are a new driver, you should avoid driving in the center of town.析：avoid, “避免，回避”，后面接名词或动词的-ing形式，不可接动词不定式。英语中类似词还有: consider , delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, miss, practice, risk, suggest, understand ,etc.2他必须记住把这个电子邮件发出去。误：He must remember sending the e-mail.正：He must remember to send the e-mail.析：remember, “记得”，后面跟动词不定式时意为“记得要去干”, 而后面接-ing形式时,意为“记得干了”。例如：I remember going there two years ago.我记得两年前去过那儿了。类似的用法还有：forget to do sth. 忘记了去干（还没有干），forget doing sth.忘记了干过（事实上已干过）；stop doing sth.停止干（正在干的事情），stop to do sth.停下来去干（另一件事情）；try to do sth.尽力去干，try doing sth.试着干；regret to do sth.为将要说或做的事而感到遗憾，regret doing sth.后悔干了；go on to do sth.接着去干（另一件事），go on doing sth.接着干（原来在干的事）。3我全家人的个子都很高。误：My family is all tall.误：My families are all tall.正：My family are all tall.析：family当“家人”讲时为集合名词，做主语时谓语多用复数；当“家庭”讲时为可数名词，谓语采用语法一致的原则。例如：Their family has lived in this house for over a hundred years.他们家住在这个房子里一百多年了。Many families lost their houses during the flood.很多家庭在这次洪水中失去了家园。4我希望能早日收到你的答复。误：Im looking forward to hear from you soon.正：Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.正：Im looking forward to your reply soon.析：look forward to后面的to为介词，这一短语后面总是跟名词或动词的-ing形式。但要注意搞清楚look forward to的真正意义上的逻辑宾语。例如：The day I looked forward to came at last.我盼望的那一天终于到来了。其它类似的短语还有：be /get used to习惯于；stick to坚持；devote oneself to致力于；pay attention to注意。5据说这个班里有四分之三的学生看过这部电影。 误：Three fourths of the students in this class is said to have seen the film “Harry Porter”. 正：Three fourths of the students in this class are said to have seen the film “Harry Porter”. 析：“分数或百分数+名词+谓语动词”，谓语动词数的形式要视名词中心词而定。例如：One third of the fruit is bad. 60% of the population here are workers. 6你认识一个叫海伦布朗的小女孩吗? 误：Do you know a little girl is called Helen Brown? 误：Do you know a little girl calling Helen Brown? 正：Do you know a little girl called/named Helen Brown? 析：called / named Helen Brown为过去分词短语做定语修饰a little girl, 相当于定语从句who is called/named Helen Brown或whose name is Helen Brown。7来到这里三个月了，她已习惯了早上五点起床。 误：She has been here for 3 months and has been used to get up at 5:30 a.m. 正：She has been here for 3 months and has been used to getting up at 5:30 a.m. 析：be/get used to ,”习惯于的”,后接名词或动词的-ing形式;而used to表示“事物过去经常或有规律的发生”. Eg: We used to swim in the river every day when we were children.我们小的时候天天在这条河里游泳。8伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人的话比理解纽约人的英语更困难。 误：A Londoner has more difficulty to understand a Scotsman from Glasgow than understand a New Yorker. 正：A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. 正：A Londoner has more trouble understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.析：have (no/a little/much/great) difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有（没有，一点儿，很多，巨大）的困难。再如：Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had great difficulty passing the exam.病了将近一个月，他很难考试及格。9 我在你这个年龄时就不得不努力工作。 误：I must work hard when I was your age. 正：I had to work hard when I was your age.析：have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而变化，往往强调客观需要；must表说话人的主观看法。Eg: The film is boring, I really must go now. 这部电影没有意思，我真的要走了。10我宁愿和你们一起参加科研工作，也不愿到海滨度假。 误：I prefer to join you in research work rather than to go on holiday to the seaside. 正：I prefer to join you in research work rather than go on holiday to the seaside. 正：I would rather join you in research work than go on holiday to the seaside. 正：Rather than go on holiday to the seaside, I prefer to join you in research work to the seaside.析：”prefer to dorather than do”, “would rather do sththan do”表主观上的选择，“宁愿也不愿”, 注意其后的动词不定式符号的省略.11. 我简直不能想象彼得一个人横穿大西洋的情景。 误：I can hardly imagine Peter sail across the Atlantic. 正：I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic.析：imagine, suggest, appreciate等动词后接-ing形式，有时-ing形式前可加一代词或名词做它的逻辑主语。Eg: I would appreciate your calling back this evening.今晚你能打电话来我将非常感谢！12父亲对我强调了勤奋的重要意义。 误：My father impressed me the value of hard work . 正：My father impressed on me the value of hard work析：impress on sb.,“使印象深刻”, 在被动语态里，后用介词”by, with”。例如：The audience were most impressed by/with his excellent performance. His excellent performance gave/made me a strong impression on his audience. 他精彩的表演给观众留下了深刻的印象。13政府十之八九将在下届大选中失败。 误：It is true that the government will lose the next el