语言学.doc

English Consonants:清浊voice; 发音部位place; 发音方法mannerb: voiced bilabial stopp: voiceless bilabial stopm: (voiced) bilabial nasalf: voiceless labiodental fricativev: voiced labiodental fricative: voiceless dental fricative: voiced dental fricativet: voiceless alveolar stopd: voiced alveolar stopn: (voiced) alveolar nasall: (voiced alveolar) lateral approximants: voiceless alveolar fricativez: voiced alveolar fricativer: (voiced labialized) alveolar approximant: voiceless palatal fricative: voiced palatal fricativet: voiceless palatal affricated: voiced palatal affricatej: (voiced) palatal approximantk: voiceless velar stopg: voiced velar stop: (voiced) velar nasalw: (voiced) labial-velar approximanth: voiceless glottal fricativeEnglish Vowel:圆唇Roundedness; 前后backness; 开口度opening; 长度lengthi: unrounded front close long vowel: unrounded front close short vowele: unrounded front semi-close short vowel: unrounded front open short vowelu: rounded back close long vowel: rounded back close short vowel: rounded back semi-open long vowel: rounded back semi-open short vowel: unrounded central semi-open short vowel: unrounded back open long vowel: unrounded central mid long vowel: unrounded central mid short vowelPhoneme音位：某一种语言中能够区别意义可切分的语音单位。C VV: I, Oh, Eh, CV: by, no, lee, tea, do, die, CCV: tree/tri:/, draw/dr:/, stay, snow/sn/, fly, Tr-, dr-, gr-, kr-, br, pr-, fr-, thr-, shr-,Bl-, pl-, fl-, gl-, kl-, sl-, Sp-, sk-, st-, sn-, sm-, sl-, sw-, CCCV: Spr-, skr-, str-, spl-, VC: cat, bet, VCC: ca