综合英语二上册课后练习及翻译.doc

35 / 35综合英语二语法及课后翻译月份要考综合英语二了，今天开始整理，如果有重复了各位老大第一时间通知我，免得我吐血一、语法 Grammar & UsageSubject-Verb Agreement (I)1主谓一致的三条原则1）语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。Human beings enjoy learning.Everybodys understanding is incomplete.2）意义一致，即根据意义来处理一致关系。The people there are fighting for the independence of their country.The dollars was a lot of money at that time.3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。There is a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box.Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer.2集体名词作主语时与动词的一致1）当主语为furniture， equipment， machinery等词时，谓语动词通常用单数。The furniture in that shop is all made in China.Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.A lot of new machinery has been installed.2）集体名词如people， cattle， police， poultry，等往往作复数用。Some people drive madly in this country.Many cattle have died because of the fold.The police have been sent there but they have not made any arrests yet.Poultry are plentiful in that mountain region.3)family, government, class, committee, audience , team, public 等词被视做一个整体时，其后的动词作单数；被视做为构成整体的个体时，其后的动词则为复数。His family is a happy one.His family are all interested in stamp-collecting.The Democratic Government is in power now.The government is/are considering further tax cuts.The audience was very quite when he was giving his speech.The audience were shouting and laughing when he came into the hall.Our class is the top class in the grade.The class are busy taking notes.3并列主语与动词的一致1）当“名词+名词”表示一种事物时，用单数动词。Bacon and eggs is a very popular British breakfast.Toast and marmalade (果酱面包) is my favorite breakfast.Fish and chips (炸鱼与土豆片) is served every day.2）当主语是由and， both .and 连接的并列结构时，如果主语所指的不是一种事物，动词则用复数形式。Jack and Mary are in love with each other.Both Tom and John are absent today.War, famine and drought have claimed thousands of lives in that country.3)在又or或 nor连接的并列结构中，动词单、复数形式一般与or 或 nor 后边的名词或代词保持一致。He or his brothers are to blame for this.Either you or your friend has to pay the bill.Either his father or his mother comes to see him every day.When couples quarrel, (either) the wife or the husband has to give in.Neither she nor you are mistaken.Neither the manager nor the clerks are college graduates.4) not only but also 连接的结构做主语时，动词的单、复数形式依据but also 后的名词或代词。Not only Fred but also his parents love this small pet dog.Not only the boys but also their mother is very ell.课后练习Translate the following into English.1) Use the verb + noun collocation.出席会议 to attend a meeting干的不错to do a good job 体验苦难to experience bitterness 自学英语 to teach oneself English发现奇迹to discover wonders忍住咳嗽to hold back ones cough掌握技能to master skills获取知识to acquire knowledge需要勇气to require courage丰富生活to enrich ones life接受修正to accept rectification 改正错误to correct mistakes不再指望 to cherish no hope作出努力to make efforts2)Use the “useful expressions”.1.新造的大桥坍塌了，一名工程师和两名地方官员为此受到刑事起诉。The collapse of the big newly-built bridge led to criminal prosecution against an engineer and two local government officials.2.他工作了一天，午饭都没动。He worked all day, leaving his lunch untouched.3.经常性的体育运动使学生身体强壮，更好的适应学习，决不是浪费时间。Far from being a waste of time, regular sports activities make students physically strong and deal with their study better.4.在海洋世界公园，海豹和海豚能够表演各种技巧，逗的小观众们乐不可支。The seals and dolphins in the Sea World are capable of various acting techniques, and this makes children audience overjoyed.5.把快乐建立在别人痛苦之上的人迟早要受到报应的。Those who take delight in other peoples pain will suffer retribution sooner or later.6.在某些方面，那部新字典有不少地方需要改进。In some respects, that new dictionary has much to be improved.7.当那辆公共汽车冲进路边翻了车时，许多小朋友被困在里边。When that bush rushed out of the road and turned over, many children got trapped in it.8.在开幕式上，市政府将为一千多明来宾提供饮食。At the opening ceremony, the municipal government will provide food and drink for more than 1,000 guests.9.在中国，城市家庭只允许生一个孩子。In China, every urban family is restricted to only one child.10.只要我们能得到点休息，去哪里并不重要。As long as we can get a little rest, is doesnt matter where we go.3)Use learn, ask and teach.1.那位男孩向警察询问去火车站怎么走。That boy asked the policeman how to get to the railway station.2.学习外语没有任何捷径可走。There are no shortcuts to learning a foreign language.3.获悉我最喜欢的数学老师仍然在那所学校教书我决定去看他。Learning that my favourite maths teacher is still teaching in that school, I decided to visit him.4.这位老工人教育他的子女做人要诚实。This veteran worker taught his children to be honest.5.他问老板那天他是否可以早点离开办公室。He asked his boss whether he could leave off work a little earlier that day.6.艰难困苦使我们对我们现有的一切感到满意。Difficulties and hardships teach us to be grateful for all that we have already had.7.毕业时他要求到西藏去工作一年。On his graduation, he asked to work in Tibet for one year.8.我只不过是想关心别人，也希望受到他人的关心，我的要求并不过分。All I want to do is just to show my care for others, and I hope to be treated in the same way by others. I am not asking too much.9.聪明人从自己的错误中吸取教训。Wise men learn lessons from their own mistakes.10. 求援是没有用的，因为已经早过了午夜。Since it is well after midnight, there is no point in asking for help.11.那位科学家教育他的学生说年轻人要面向未来。That scientist taught his students that young people should be gearing themselves for the future.12.问及她生活的最大乐趣时，她说“学习”。When asked what was the greatest pleasure in her life, she replied “learning”LESSON 2Subject-Verb Agreement (II)1.带确定数量词的名词词组做主语时的主谓一致1)当主语是表示数目、时间、重量、距离等的复数名词时，如果该名词所表示的数量看作一个整体，其后的动词用单数。Ten seconds of silence appears very awkward on television.A thousand dollars a month is more than I can afford.Four years I too long for me to wait.Sixty miles is a short run in a car.2) 当主语是表示数目、时间、重量、距离等的复数名词时，如该名词所表示的数量看作单个个体，其后的动词用复数。The past three weeks were the hardest time in his life.Hundreds of buildings were put up in the city last year.Five kilos of apples are placed into the basket.3) 当主语为“分数或百分数+of+名词”时，其后的动词形式依照of后名词的单复数形式来定。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.Three-fourths of the people do not agree with the president.One-fourth of the region is underdeveloped.Thirty percent of the oil in that country is imported.Ten percent of the eggs have gone bad.Fifty percent of the land in that region has been used to build factories.4)当主语为sheep， fish， deer， aircraft， means， steelworks 等单数与复数同形的词时，动词的形式以名词单、复数意义为准。An American aircraft was brought down by the anti-aircraft fire.Three aircraft are reported missing.Various means have been tried to solve the problem.Two steelworks were built ten years ago.Ten fish have been caught today.One sheep was killed by a wolf.2.all的主谓一致1) 代词all表示可数的人或物时，其后的动词用复数形式。All were hungry and desperate for food.All who have seen the film love it.All of them enjoyed themselves at the party.2) 代词all表示不可数的名词时，其后的动词用单数.All is going well.All is quite in the middle of the night.All you have to do now is wait.All that glitters is not gold.All of his money is gone.3) 形容词all+可数名词时，其后的动词用复数形式。All roads lead to Rome.All the people taking part in the race were over 60 years old.All things are difficult when we begin to do them.4) 形容词all+不可数名词时，其后的动词用单数形式。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.Not all food is good to eat.Translate the following into English1.use the verb + noun or adj. + noun collocation实现目标to achieve goals崇拜英雄 to worship heroes and heroines崇拜金钱to worship money受到赏识 to gain recognition获得自信to gain self-confidence 保持沉默to keep silence打破沉默 to break the silence 推卸责任to shake of responsibility引起注意to attract attention 分清敌友to distinguish between friends and enemies加快速度to pick up speed 透露秘密to disclose a secret塑造历史to shape history塑造未来 to shape the future开创生活to start a new life 缓解贫穷to ease poverty取得进展to make advances 现任总统current president工作重心the main emphasis of the work新颖观点original ideas 真诚愿望 sincere wishes2.use the “useful expressions”1)去郑州的路上，我们经过一个被洪水冲毁的村庄。On our way to Zhengzhou, we passed through a village which had been destroyed by the flood.2）那次不寻常的经历使鲍勃变成一个耐心、宽容的人。That unusual experience has turned Bob into a patient and tolerant person.3）那人的头发染成了艳绿色，看上去象个小丑。With his hair dyed bright green, that person looks like a clown.4）他们总是对照专业人员的标准来审视自己的工作。They are always measuring their own work against the standard set for the professionals work.5）便衣警察在黑暗里等着盗贼出现。Plainclothes policemen were waiting in the dark for the burglars to show up.6）琼丝太太的善良使男孩心里充满了希望和感激。The kindness of Mrs. Jones filled the boy with hope and gratitude.7）那些超级明星的私生活经常受到小报的评论。The private lives of thosesuperstars are often commented on by tabloids.8）这个女孩子有非凡的毅力使她不同于她的同班同学。This girl is distinguished from her classmates for her uncommon willpower.9）日落时分，强劲的冷风由东南风转为西北风。At sundown, the strong cold wind has shifted from the southeast to the northwest.10）最高额的奖学金颁给了一位物理研究生。The highest scholarship went to a postgraduate majoring in physics.11）安徒生的童话以寓意深刻著称。Andersons fairy tales are known for their profound morals.12）许多人开始意识到在公共场所使用蜂窝电话的负作用。Many people have come to realize the side-effect from the use of cellular phones in public.3.use mak The private lives of thosesuperstars are often commented on by tabloids. The private lives of thosesuperstars are often commented on by tabloids.e, recognize and define.1）国际社会公认中华人民共和国代表全中国。As universally recognized by the international community, the Peoples Republic of China stands for the whole China.2）小时侯她的父母就教育他要准备为了国家的利益作出自我牺牲。When she was a child, her parents taught her to be prepared for making self-sacrifice for the benefit of the motherland.3）我们一眼就认出舞台上的那个罗密欧是我们的英国老师。We immediately recognize our English teacher who was then playing the role of Romeo on the stage.4）英国人的矜持使他们显得傲气。The reserved manner of the British people makes them appear arrogant.5）不同的民族对人权的定义有很大的不同。Different people define human rights in very different ways.6）我的朋友乔治因其新颖观点而倍加赞赏，他的成功使得我的努力显得微不足道。My friend George was highly praised for his original ideas, and his achievement made my efforts appear insignificant.7）林先生，请您明确描述您组织的宗旨好么？Mr. Liu, will you please clearly define the purposes of your organization?8）我们对他人的同情心以及我们对学习的热忱使我们的生命更有意义。Our compassion for others and our passion to study make our lives more meaningful.9）我妹妹是流行音乐迷，可是她居然没有听出我刚才哼的歌曲。My sister is pop music fan, and yet she didnt actually recognized the song that I hummed just now.10）按照定义，文化偶像一般指的是被媒体大加炒作的著名的电视人、时装模特、职业运动员、电影明星等人。By definition, cultural icons are generally those famous television personalities, fashion models, professional athletes and movie stars who are most highly publicized by the media.Translate the following sentences into English.1）学生们没有一个人愿意本周末去郊游。None oof the students are willing to go for an outing this weekend.2）所有到场观看足球赛的人都非常激动。All the people who came to watch the football game were very excited.3）有1/4 的房屋没被利用起来。One-fourth of the houses are yet to be used.4）他们25%的工资被用来购买食物和衣服。Twenty-five percent of their salaries is used to buy food and clothing.5）五公斤的热带水果如香蕉、剥落等在我们这里值很多钱。Five kilos of tropical fruit such as bananas and pineapple costs a lot here.6）过去的10周是我迄今为止最幸福的10周。The past ten weeks were the happiest weeks so far.7）他所说的一切都无法让人相信。All that he said is hard to believe.8）只有20%的申请人得到了面试的机会。Only twenty percent of the applicants get the chance to be interviewed.LESSON3Translate落后于别人 to fall behind others珍惜时间tovalue highly ones time 珍惜友谊 to treasure friendship解决问题to settle problems完成任务 to complete the task腾出地方to make room重视某事to attach importance to something获得信息 to obtain information第一印象the first impression生活节奏the pace of life飞腾的物价soaring prices 做生意 to do ones business商界 commercial world工程师们深入地讨论了方案，一旦开工，工程将进展很顺利。The engineers have discussed the plan in depth. Once the project starts, it will be moving ahead smoothly.在过去几个月，出口额下降了。In the past several months, the export volume fell.他必须把每天经手的文件向公司交代清楚。He has to account to the company for the documents he deals with every day.科学院的部分资深院士提出退休，以便为更年轻有为的科学家腾出位置。Some senior academicians of the Academy of Sciences proposed retirement in order to make room for younger and more promising scientists.政府非常重视保护中国的原始森林。The government attaches great importance to the protection of Chinas virgin forests.就面积而言，俄罗斯是世界上最大的国家。In terms of area, Russia is the largest country in the world.这所大学正在努力寻找担任图书馆馆长的合适人选。This university is trying to seek out a suitable person for the position of library curator.在当今，不懂电脑便几乎什么事都办不成。Today, of you know nothing about computers, you can hardly carry on with anything.你觉得汤姆对马克完的玩笑感到不高兴了吗？Do you think that Tom took Marks joke personally?莎士比亚在文学上的成就值得给予高度的赞赏。Shakespeares achievement in literature in worthy of great praise.我们一直在尝试一种新的教学方法，目前看来效果还令人满意。We have been trying a new teaching method and its effects so far seem to be quite satisfying.答应给那哥俩的钱不够去旅行，他俩只好放弃。Since the money allowed to the two brothers is not enough for traveling, they can do nothing but give up.为了保存对现有的一个文件的修改，你需要保存这个文件。To save the changes in an existing file, you need to save this file.这场及时雨省了农民浇地的麻烦。This timely rain saved farmers the trouble of irrigating the fields.他们一直在寻找节省能源的新招。They have been seeking new methods to save energy.开始别跑的太快，为最后100米留着劲儿。Dont run to fast at the beginning, for you have to save strength for the last 100 meters.参观者不得触碰任何展品。Visitors are not allowed to touch any exhibits.这对年轻夫妇在为他们的女儿的教育攒钱。This young couple are saving money for their daughters education.她刻苦努力，第一学期末就感上了班上的同学。She had tried very hard and caught up with her classmates by the end of the first term.在那个城市公共汽车上既不许抽烟，也不许喝饮料、吃东西。Either smoking, drinking or eating is not allowed on the bus in that city.Translate the following sentences in to English.一切都没变，不是吗？Nothing has changed, hasnt it ?每个人都想带他们的家属来参加这次聚会。Everybody wants to bring his family to this get-together.这个班来自全国各地。This class come from different parts of the country.每个人多来了，是吗？Everybody is here, arent they?有个人把身份证落在衣帽间里了。Someone has left his ID card in the cloakroom.昨天的晚会大家都没玩痛快。Nobody enjoyed yesterdays party.有谁知道答案，请把手举起来。Does anybody know the answer? If you do ,please put up your hand.观众们穿着各式各样的衣服，有穿西装的也有穿甲克的。The audience are dressed in various kinds of clothes, some in suits and some in jackets.在中国一般的城市家庭由三个成员组成父亲、母亲和孩子。The trpical Chinese urban household consists of three membersfather, mother and child.那个委员会没能就这个问题达成一致意见。That committee could not reach an agreement on this issue.“时间就是金钱，”美国人说，“这被子你就这么多时间，最好还是好好了利用。”在美国，人们佩服办事效率高、井井有条的人，即把要做的事一一列出，并指定计划一一实施的人。在这个国家里，一个理想中的人准时到会、准时赴约、不浪费他人的时间。快餐连锁店，如麦当劳、肯德基、必胜客等，在美国十分普遍，也十分受欢迎，因为许多人在作饭、吃饭上尽量少花时间。美国人还喜欢电子通讯手段。他们使用电话、电子邮件和英特网做生意，他们召开电话或电视会议处理问题，还通过英特网各种信息。总之，他们想要每分钟都用得值得。“Time is money,” say Americans, “ Since you are allowed only this much of time in your life, youd better make the best use of it.” In the United-Stated, highly efficient and well-organized people are admired. These people will list all the things that they are going to do, draw up plans and carry them out one by one. In this country, an ideal person turns up at meeting on time, fulfils an appointment punctually and does not waste other peoples time.Fast-food chains, such as McDonalds, Kentuckey Fried Chicken(KFC) and Pizza Hut ( PH ), can be found everywhere in America, and are very popular among American people, since many people try to spend less time in cooking and eating.Americans like electronic communication, too. They do their business by using the telephone, the E-mail and the internet, they hold “teleconferences” to settle problem, and they obtain various kinds of information on the internet. In short, they want every minute to countLESSON 4Translate the following sentence into English.1. use the verb + noun or adj. + noun collocation.未中目标to miss the target 命中目标to hit the target闭上眼睛 to close ones eyes辞职不干to quit ones job抬起头来to hold up ones head提高嗓门 to raise ones voice 瞄准某人to shoot at somebody低下头去 to bend ones head 松懈劲头to relax ones efforts 留下痕迹to leave marks沙哑的声音 hoarsevoice 朝开火 to fireat2. use the “useful expressions”.1） 听到我所在的公司要被一家石油公司兼并的消息，我十分震惊。Hearing that the firm I work for was going to be taken over by an oil company, I was greatly shocked.2）矿工们被困在坍塌的坑道里一个多星期才得到营救。The minters had been trapped in the collapsed gallery for over one week before they picked up.3）女还眼巴巴地盼望父亲带她去旅行，那时他答应过的。The girl was eagerly looking forward to having her father take her on the trip which he had promised her.4）看见卡车朝他冲过来，他本能地迅速闪开了。Seeing the truck dashing towards him, he jumped aside rapidly on instinct.5）为了躲开高峰期，苏珊只得每天早上8点赶公共汽车。To avoid the rush hour, Susan has to run for the 8 oclock bus in the morning.6）在增援部队到达之前，战士们抵御敌人一个星期的进攻。The soldiers had been holding out against the enemys attacks for a week before the reinforcements arrived.7）二十多年来，史密斯先生一直领导着那个极为成功的企业。For more than two decades, Mr. Smith has been in command of that very successful enterprise.8）母亲从不屈服于在我成长过程中遇到的困难。Mother has never given in to the difficulties encountered in the course of my growing up.9）这个国家可不能再陷入内战了，人民渴望持久的和平。This country can not afford to have another civil war. Its people long for lasting peace.10）他真诚的自我批评使我们更加尊重他。His sincere self-criticism made us respect him all the more.3. use keep ,look and stop.1）我们该停下来想一想：为什么年轻人崇拜歌星和足球明星？Its time we stopped to do some thinking: why do young people worship singing stars and football stars?2）他抬起头来，碰巧看到一个人把手伸进一位乘客的裤兜。He looked up and happened to see a person putting his hand into another passengers trouser pocket.3）很抱歉，让大家久等了。Im sorry for