最新江苏Unit2《The environment》grammar-project(2012译林牛津必修5)教师用 下载地址.doc

Unit2The environmentgrammar-project（2012译林牛津必修5）教师用一.知识梳理2V-ing形式用法归纳动词的ing形式是非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加-ing 形成doing , 其否定式not doing 。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词作用，称为动名词，有的则起形容词或副词作用， 称为现在分词。所以在句中，动词的-ing形式可以担当除了谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语（宾补）。动词-ing形式仍具有动词的若干特点，所以它又可以有自己的宾语和状语等。v-ing的用法：一、作主语1 Learning without practice is no good.= Its no good learning without practice 归纳：Its +no good(no use, no fun, no harm)+doing2 Being (be) happy is of great importance.3. Her being praised (praise) by the teacher made her excited.4. Its no use arguing (argue) with him about such a boring issue.5. Making good friends makes (make) a big difference to us.6 . -What made Ajani that sad? - _B_. A. His parents died of the same year B. His parentsdying of the same disease C. His parents death D. Not his being able to treat his parents二、作宾语1只跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practice, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, resist, risk, 等 I am considering spending (spend) our summer vacation in a seaside town. 2 动名词作介词的宾语 What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?3 只跟动名词作宾语的动词短语：cant help , cant stand, give up , insist on, put off , feel like, have difficulty/ trouble (in) , have a good/ hard time (in) , be busy (in) , be worthI cant help wondering (wonder) if he wants Peter to be his best friend.I cant heip to clean / clean ( clean ) the room, because I have a lot of homework to do. 4 to 为介词的短语：be used to, look forward to, get down to , pay attention to , devote .to , stick to, object to , refer to, He devotes all his time to collecting (collect ) money for Red Cross The professor referred to made (make) a speech for us last week. 注意： 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别不大。如：continue, prefer, begin, hate , like , start, love 等。 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别很大。如：forget, remember, regret, mean, try, stop, go on, cant help 等。 1）forget, remember, regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如： Dont forget to post ( post) the letter for me. Have you forgotten meeting (meet) her in Beijing Airport last month? Remember to close (close )the windows before you leave. I remember writing (write) him a letter a year ago. We regret to tell ( tell )you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting. They regretted ordering ( order) these books from abroad. 2) mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着 I meant to catch ( catch )up with the early bus. This means wasting (waste) a lot of money. 3)try to do 设法尽力做某事 try doing 试着做某事 You should try to overcome ( overcome) your shortcomings. Try working (work) out the physics problem in another way. 4) stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语） stop doing 停止做某事 On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy ( buy) a paper. Youd better stop arguing ( argue) and do as you are told. 5) cant help doing 禁不住 cant help (to) do不能帮助干 They couldnt help jumping up at the news. Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I cant help (to) make up the room for you. 6) go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事 go on doing 继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续 He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势。 Well go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world. 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 1） My dream is to go (go )on the moon in the future.2) What I would suggest is to put ( put) off the meeting. 3) My job is serving (serve) the people. advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，带不定式作宾语补足语。如： Our teachers dont permit us to swim in the lake.=Our teachers dont permit our swimming in the lake. Tips：动名词前带自己的逻辑主语， 叫动名词的复合结构， 动名词的复合结构在句中作宾语时，如果逻辑主语是人称代词， 则可用形容词性物主代词或人称代词的宾格， 如果逻辑主语是名词，则用名词的所有格或普通格。 名词的复合结构在句中作主语时，如果逻辑主语是人称代词， 则可用形容词性物主代词，如果逻辑主语是名词，则用名词的所有格。Toms crying 汤姆的哭喊made his mother angry.His being late 他迟到 made his teacher angry.Would you mind my/ me opening the window 我开窗?There is no hope of Tomwinning the game . 汤姆获胜。现在分词的时态和语态：现在分词主动被动意义例句一般式doingbeing done分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生Being poor , he cant go to schol.完成式having donehaving been done分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前Having done his homework, he went out to play.一 作表语，相当于形容词。1) The film is moving and interesting.这部电影感人又有趣。2) The news sounds encouraging (encourage).这个消息听起来激动人心。3) It is disappointing (disappoint) that he failed to pass the exam.（起形容词作用的动词的 ing 形式含有“令人”的意思。如：amusing, astonishing, boring, exciting, inspiring, missing, promising, puzzling, surprising, tiring, embarrassing, disappointing, worrying, frightening, moving）二 作定语exciting news 激动人心的消息 a tiring day 累人的一天1) The man running over there is our chairman. =The man who is running over there is our chairman.这个在跑过来的人是我们的主席。2) The road joining the two villages is very wide. =The road which joins the two villages is very wide.连接两个村子的路非常的宽。3) They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago. =They lived in a room which faces the north thirty years ago.三十年前，他们住在一个朝北的房间里。三 作宾语补足语，经常用在动词feel，hear，leave，keep，listen to，look at，notice，see，watch，etc.后作宾补，表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。1) When he passed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money. 当他路过银行的时候，他看到小偷正在偷钱。 When I was walking in the street, I saw my brother cross (cross) the street and enter a shop.2) The parents can hear their daughter playing (play) the piano. 这对父母可以听到他们的女儿在弹钢琴。3) He kept me waiting (wait) for almost an hour. 他让我等了将近一个小时。四 作状语： 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等等。分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。1) The secretary worked late into the night, preparing (prepare ) a long speech for the president. 秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备长长的演讲稿。2) Hearing ( hear) the news, he jumped. （时间状语） 听到这个消息,他跳了起来。3) Having studied ( study)the map, I know which way to go.（时间状语） 研究了地图之后，我知道该走哪条路了。4) Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. （原因状语） 他太生气了睡不着。5) The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (结果状语) 公交车被困在暴风雪中，耽误了时间。6) His parents died, leaving (leave) him alone. We came home after our holiday , only to find (find) our house broken into.注意： doing 所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,having+done 所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前.1) Enteringing the room, he found his best friend sitting there.2)Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.=After turning off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.他关掉了收音机，开始复习功课。 动词-ing的被动形式1) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught (catch). 松鼠很幸运，没有被抓住。 2) The question being discussed ( discuss) is very important. 正在讨论的问题非常重要。 3) The skyscraper to be built (build) is still higher than that one the year before last. 将要修建的摩天大楼比去年盖的那个还要高。4) Do you know the boy admitted (admit) to Beijing University? 你认识那个已被北大录取的男生吗？5) Having been told (tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.被告知了很多次后， 他还是重复着相同的错误。 动词-ing形式的主动形式代替被动形式 有些动词，如：want, need, require, deserve, worth等后面可以跟动词-ing的主动形式代替被动形式，表达被动意味。 1) The radio wants (needs, requires) repairing. =The radio wants (needs, requires) to be repaired . 2) The babies want (need, require) to be examined. =The babies want (need, require) examining . 3) The book is well worth reading again. 这本书很值得再看一遍。 4) These honest men are worth respecting and depending on. 诚实的人值得被尊敬和依赖。 一些特殊用法： 1 Considering his age, he has done a good job.2 Concerning your request, we have talked about it at the meeting.3 Generally speaking, they might make more contributions to the struggle.4 Judging from/ by what he wears, he must be a rich man.5 Supposing/ Suppose it rains, what shall we do?巩固 练习一、改写句子1. It seems impossible to save money now. =_ _ now seems impossible.2. When he woke up, he found he was lying in bed. =When he woke up, he found _ _ in bed.3. I would rather stay at home than go shopping with Mom. =I _ _at home _ _shopping with Mom.4. As soon as he arrived, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage= _ _, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage.5. If time permits, Ill attend your wedding ceremony. =_ _, Ill attend your wedding ceremony.二、单项选择1. She insisted _ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.A. on taking B. on being takenC. to take D. to be taken2. He sent me an E-mail, _to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope3. -Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? -_enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. getting C. To get D. To be getting4. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall, only _ the speaker _. A. to find; left B. finding; leaving C. finding; left D. to find; gone5. As I will be away for at least a year. Id appreciate _from you now and then _me how everyone is getting along. A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell6. _in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited7. The job is _to me because I have little experience. However, it is also_. A. challenging; rewarding B. challenged; rewarded C. challenging; rewarded D. challenged; rewarding8. _comfortably in a chair, he was completely lost in a magazine. A. To sit B. Sat C. Sitting D. having sit9. -Ive never seen anyone run so fast-_David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched10. _ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared11. It is said that the Olympic Games_ in Beijing in 2008 covered more events than any other Olympics had done.A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _.A. to escape burning B. to escape being burnedC. escaping burned D. escaping from burning13. The great hall was crowded with many people, _ many children _ on their parents laps.A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting14. _ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A. Being no rain B. There was no rainC. To be no rain D. There being no rain 15. Taking this medicine, if _, will of course do good to his health.A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing16. The little boy still needs the _ 20 dollars to do with some things _.A. remaining, remained to be settled B. remaining, remaining to be settledC. remained, remained to settle D. remained, remaining to settle17. _ his age, the little boy read very well.A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered18. His letter, _ to the wrong number, reached me late.A. having been addressed B. to have addressedC. to have been addressed D. being addressed19. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. needs repairing B. needing repairedC. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired20. - What caused the party to be put off?- _ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sending B. Toms delaying sendingC. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send21. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not to do anything but_ the flowing of the smog around me.A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy22. They use computers to keep the traffic _smoothly. A. being run B. run C. to run D. running23. I cant get my car _ on cold mornings, so I have to try _ the radiator with some hot water.A. run; to fill B. running; fillingC. running; to fill D. ran; filling24. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife.A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleepingC. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep25. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ but the door _.A. being on; shut B. burning; shuttingC. burning; shut D. on; shutting26. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes_ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.A. fixed B. fix C. fixing D. to fix27. A doctor can expect _ at any hour of the day or night.A. calling B. to call C. being called D. to be called28. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teachers question, _ just a minute. So hes usually the teachers pet.A. thought B. having thought C. and to think D. thinking29. The policeman came up to the only house with the door _, _ there for a while and then entered it.A. open; to stand B. opening; stoodC. open; stood D. opened; standing30. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had _ was nowhere to be seen.A. repairing B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired31. The play _next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced32 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 33. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _reduce unemployment pressures. A. helpB. to have helped C. to help D. having helped 34. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present 35. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten 36. _not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded37. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked 38Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended39At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future.A. living; wondering B. lived; wonderingC. lived; wondered D. living; wondered40. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it_ .A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused41. Please do me a favor _ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited42. _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 43. The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced 44 The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at45. Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _?A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take46. We are invited to a party _in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 47. I still remember _ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 48. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _all four people on board. A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill 49. With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected 50. Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 51. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat52. David threatened _ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported 53. He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussionA. to have B. having C. have D. had54. _ many times, he finally understood it. A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told 55. _ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. Competing B. Having completed C. To ha