四级 六级 倒装.doc

倒装（一）全部倒装和部分倒装如果谓语在主语前面, 就是倒装语序. 倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装. 在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面: Here are some registered letters for you.在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面: Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.全部倒装（一）表示位置或方向的副词提前（there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子），为了起到强调的作用, 谓语动词为 go, come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长时, 通常用全部倒装: There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.There comes the bus! Away went the bus. Now comes your turn.Up went the plane = the plane went up.不倒装的状况1、如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:There comes your turn.2、有here引起, 谓语为be的句子: Here is Chinas largest tropical forest.Here are some picture-books.3、如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:Here we are. This is the new railway station.“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”部分倒装1)当句首状语为 never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely seldom,rarely,nosoonerthan nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, under no circumstances, in vain, still less等否定词或有否定意义的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装.No longer are they staying with us.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadnt done a very good repair job either.2) 以下列副词或短语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装（一般副词或短语开头要倒装）often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point，many a time。如：So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.3) 句首状语若由 only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句构成, 引起局部倒装:Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.4) 让步从句的倒装as/ though引导让步状语从句，必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。如：Successful as he is, he is not proud.Women as she is, shes every brave.Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意：A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。其他Come what may, Ill be on your side.5）以neither, nor, so等开始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前.“We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.”I am quite willing to help and so are the others.He didnt drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary.“I wont do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, 尽管是用so开头, 语序也不要颠倒.“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.”“Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”6）比较从句的倒装as, than引导的比较从句中，如果主语是名词短语且较长，经常采用倒装结构(不倒装也可以)。注意：这种结构主语一般为名词，如果是代词则不倒装。如：Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce.(1)如果谓语动词是单个实义动词，倒装时需根据人称和时态加助动词do。如：Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly.(2)考生要广义理解“句首”的概念，注意从句的句首和并列分句的句首均为句首。如：Suddenly, Gallups name was on everyones lips; not only was he the prophet of the moment, but it was generally believed that he had founded a new and most important method of prediction.7)有时主语较长，为了使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，主谓要全部倒装。这种情况多出现在主系表结构中。如：Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.In between these two extremes are those people who agree with the jury system as a whole, but feel that some changes need to be implemented to improve its effectiveness.a) 介词短语: On the other side was northern Xinjiang.Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.b) 形容词: Very important in the farmers life is the radio weather report.Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.c) 副词: Below is a restaurant.Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.d) 分词: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.8) 其他部分倒装 a) so that 句型中的so; such that句型中的such位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.c) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.1._ and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumpedC. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat2._ and the lesson began.A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in cameC. In came he D. came in Mr Brown3. Over _, dead.A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goatC. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled4.Where is my shirt, mum? _.A. There is it B. There it isC. There is D. Here is it5. Where is your father? Oh, _.A. here he comes B. he here comesC. here does he come D. here comes he6. The door opened and there _.A. enters an old manB. entered an old manC. did an old man enterD. an old man entered7. Now _ your turn to recite the text. A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is8. Often _ them not to smoke here.A. we advised B. advised meC. did we advise D. had we advised9. _ playing soldiers.A. Inside the room were two boysB. Inside the room two boysC. Were two boys inside the roomD. Inside the room was two boys10. On the wall _ two large portraits.A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs 11. _ who was wounded in the stomach.A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldierC. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier12. Next door to ours _ , who is no less than eighty.A. that lives an old man B. does an old man liveC. lives an old man D. where lives an old man13. She plays the piano very well, _.A. so every one of us does B. every one of us doesC. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us14. You say he works hard, _, and _.A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do youC. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do15. I thought you women were present at the meeting. _.A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. So did we16. I dont think Jack will come today, _. A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesnt C. Mary will either D. or Mary does17. She is fond of cooking, _I.A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do18. Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language .A. So it was with Engles B. So was it with EnglesC. So was Engles D. So did Engles19. A fish needs water and without water it will die._.A. So does a man B. So will a manC. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man20. So absorbed _ the work that she often forgot to _ her meals.A. had she been in; do B. she was in; makeC. was she in; take D. she had been in ; have21. So loudly _ that every one of the class could hear him.A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke22. _ his appearance that no one could recognize him.A. Strange so was B. So strange wasC. Was so strange D. So was strange23. Not once _ their plan.A. did they change B. they changedC. changed they D. they did change24. Never _ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.A. are seeing B. had I seenC. I have seen D. have I seen25. Seldom _ TV during the day.A. th