高考英语 提高得分点看“面”（专题集训） 谓语 时态和语态.doc

提高得分点看“面”（专题集训）：谓语 时态和语态1(2013北京高考)hurry up! mark and carol _ us.aexpect bare expectingchave expected dwill expect解析：选b考查时态。句意：快点！马克和卡罗尔正在等我们。依据逻辑推理可知，说话人之所以催促是因为马克和卡罗尔正在等待他们，所以用现在进行时。2(2013陕西高考)on monday mornings it usually _ me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.atakes bis takingctook dwill take解析：选a考查动词时态。句意：在星期一的早上，开车上班经常要花费我一个小时，虽然实际的距离仅仅20英里。根据句意可判断出，这里叙述的是一个经常性的情况，所以用一般现在时。3(2012新课标全国卷)“life is like walking in the snow”， granny used to say, “because every step _.”ahas shown bis showingcshows dshowed解析：选c考查动词时态。一般现在时表示经常性的动作，空白处所在句的句意：因为每一步都显示/证明出来。show意为“显示，证明，表明”。一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或永久性的状态；现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，或现阶段一直进行的动作(说话时未必正在做)。teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.青少年正在损害自己的健康，因为他们玩的电脑游戏太多了。around two oclock every night, sue will start talking in her dream. it somewhat bothers us.(2013湖南高考)每天晚上两点左右，苏就说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。一般现在时与现在完成时的比较1(2013新课标全国卷)when i first met bryan i didnt like him, but i _ my mind.ahave changed bchangechad changed dwould change解析：选a考查时态。句意：当我第一次见到布莱恩时，我不喜欢他。但是，我已经改变主意了。根据句意可知，说话人现在已经改变主意了，因此应用现在完成时。2(2013新课标全国卷)if we _ now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.ahadnt acted bhavent actedcdont act dwont act解析：选c考查时态。句意：如果我们现在不行动起来保护环境的话，将来会后悔的。题干含有if引导的条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，故选c。3(2013湖南高考)have you heard about the recent election?sure, it _ the only thing on the news for the last three days.awould be bischas been dwill be解析：选c考查动词的时态。句意：“你听说有关最近选举的消息了吗？”“当然了，这可是最近三天唯一的新闻事件。”根据时间状语“for the last three days”可知，该句用现在完成时。一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或永久性的状态；现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作到现在已完成，或过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。i do all the cooking for my family, but recently i have been too busy to do it.通常由我给家人做饭，但最近我太忙了，没时间做。一般过去时与现在完成时的比较1(2013江苏高考)what about your selfdrive trip yesterday?tiring! the road is being widened, and we _ a rough ride.ahad bhavecwould have dhave had解析：选a考查时态。根据问句中的yesterday可知，此处应用一般过去时。2(2011湖南高考)it is the most instructive lecture that i _ since i came to this school. aattended bhad attended cam attending dhave attended 解析：选d考查时态。句意：这是我到这所学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。根据后面的状语从句since i came to this school 可知， 此处应用现在完成时态。 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况，常与过去时间状语连用。而现在完成时表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况，常与一段时间连用；一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况，与现在没什么联系；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already，ever, never, yet, just等词连用。i felt very tired when i got home, and i went straight to bed.(2013重庆高考)我到家时感到很累，就直接上床睡觉了。have you seen my dictionary?yes, i saw it on your bed yesterday.你见过我的词典吗？是的，我昨天看见在你床上。一般过去时与过去完成时的比较1(2013辽宁高考)he was unhappy when he sold his guitar.after all, he _ it for a very long time.ahas had bhad hadchas dhad解析：选b考查时态。根据句中的was和sold可知，他拥有这把吉他已经很长一段时间了，“拥有”这个动作是截止到过去的，而不是截止到现在，所以不能选择a项或c项。表示过去的过去应该用过去完成时，故选b。2(2013安徽高考)im calling about the apartment you _ the other day. could you tell me more about it?aadvertised bhad advertisedcare advertising dwill advertise解析：选a考查时态。根据题干中的im calling可知，主句的时间定位为现在，空格处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据其中的时间状语the other day可知，此处应用一般过去时，故选a。一般过去时表示动作发生在过去；而过去完成时表示在过去某个动作发生之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。 i had intended to call on you, but i had an unexpected visitor.我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。 tom and i became friends in 2000, although we had actually met several years before.汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友，尽管在这几年前我们就见过面。一般过去时与过去进行时的比较1(2013江西高考) i to visit you later that day, but i had to phone and cancel.a.come b.camec.am coming d.was coming解析：选d考查时态。句意：那天晚些时候我本来想拜访你，但我不得不打电话取消了。根据题干中的but i had to phone and cancel可知，我并没有去拜访你，只是打算去，故用过去将来时，选d项。2(2012北京高考)our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.ahad developed bwas developingcwould develop ddeveloped解析：选d考查时态。句意：在随后的几周里，我们的友谊迅速发展。根据本句的时间状语over the weeks that followed可知，这里叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。一般过去时仅说明动作发生在过去，不强调动作的延续性；而过去进行时则强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。after jack had sent some emails, he started working on his project.(2012山东高考)杰克发了一些电子邮件后，就开始做起他的项目。did you catch what i said?sorry. i was answering a text message just now.(2012四川高考)你听懂我所说的了吗？对不起，我刚刚在回短信。一般将来时与将来进行时的比较1(2013江苏高考)could i use your car tomorrow morning?sure. i _ a report at home.awill be writing bwill have writtenchave written dhave been writing解析：选a根据第一句中出现的时间状语tomorrow morning可知，“在家写报告”是将来正要做的事情，所以用将来进行时。2(2012湖南高考)close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you.asaw bhave seencwill see dare seeing解析：选c考查特殊句式“祈使句and 陈述句”。句意：关闭了恐惧之门，那么信心之门就会在你面前打开。“祈使句and 陈述句”句式中的陈述句常用将来时。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态；而将来进行时强调将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。i am busy reviewing my lessons because i will have an exam tomorrow.我正忙着复习，因为明天要考试。i feel so excited! at this time tomorrow morning i will be flying to shanghai.(2012辽宁高考)我感觉很兴奋！明早的这个时候我将飞往上海。现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较1(2013山东高考)oh no! were too late. the train _.thats ok. well catch the next train to london.awas leaving bhad leftchas left dhas been leaving解析：选c考查动词时态。根据“were too late.”和“well catch the next train”可知，火车已经开走了，由于leave这一动作对现在造成了一定的影响，所以用现在完成时。2(2013福建高考)the girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.atook bis takingctakes dhas been taking解析：选d考查动词的时态。句意：这个女生酷爱运动，在过去的三年里她每周上两次羽毛球课。over the last three years表示“在过去的三年里”，常与现在完成进行时连用，强调反复的不间断动作。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态到现在已经完成，侧重于结果或影响；而现在完成进行时则表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在，并且还在进行，强调动作的延续性。this disease has dropped considerably in the past few years. 近几年这种病的发病率大大降低了。the manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.(2012全国卷)自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。be going to与will表将来的比较1(2012北京高考)by the time you have finished this book, your meal_ cold.agets bhas gotcwill get dis getting解析：选c考查时态。句意：到你读完这本书的时候，你的饭就将凉了。根据前半句中的内容可知，这里叙述的是将来的情况，所以用一般将来时。2(2009江苏高考)ann is in hospital. oh, really？i _know.i_go and visit her.adidnt; am going to bdont; wouldcdont; will ddidnt; will解析：选d考查动词的时态。从对话内容可知，说话人在说话前不知道ann在住院，因此第一空应该使用一般过去时。去医院看她是临时做出的决定或安排，因此，第二空使用will。be going to则表示在说话前已经安排好要做某事，这与对话矛盾，故选项a错误。be going to表示按计划或安排将要发生的事情；而will不强调行为的计划性，多指临时的决定或安排。mary is ill. i am going to visit her.sorry, i didnt know. i will go with you.玛丽病了，我打算去看她。抱歉我不知道，我和你一起去。1(2013济南二模)when are you leaving for chicago?as soon as i _ the project.aare completing bcompleted cwill complete dcomplete解析：选d句意：“你什么时候去芝加哥？”“我一做完这项工程就去。”此处as soon as引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。2(2013济宁市高三二模)see? the strange man i saw yesterday _ around my house again. should i call the police?awalk bwalkedchas walked dis walking解析：选d句意：看，昨天我看到的那个奇怪的人又一次在我家周围到处走，我应该报警吗？此处表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。3(2013北京海淀一模)hi, lily.dont forget to watch im a singer at 10：00 this friday night!what a pity! i _ in a plane to hainan for a meeting then.awill sit bwill be sittingcam sitting dsit解析：选b句意：“嗨，莉莉，别忘了看本周五晚的节目我是歌手。”“真遗憾！那时我将正坐在飞往海南的飞机上。”此处表示将来某个时刻正在做某事，应用将来进行时。4(2013青岛二模)they _ to come to the meeting on time, but they were late again.amean bhad meantcmeans dhave meant解析：选b句意：他们本打算按时来开会，但是他们又迟到了。此处mean表示的动作发生在were late之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。5(2013枣庄一模)sorry! i _ a letter this morning and forgot all about the appointment.awrote bhave writtencwas writing dhad written解析：选c句意：对不起，我今天上午在写信，把约会的事全忘了。此处表示今天上午正在做某事，应用过去进行时。6(2013广西桂林中学模拟)i _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _.awent; was occurringbwent; was occurredcwas going; occurreddwas going; had occurred解析：选c句意：我正在街上找地方停车，这时发生了事故。第一空表示过去某个时候正在做某事，用过去进行时；第二空表示某事发生在过去，用一般过去时。7(2013北京石景山区高三二模)did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?no, but we _ to get in touch with them ever since.ahave tried bhad triedchave been trying dhad been trying解析：选c句意：“你们找到了昨天在山中失踪的那对夫妇了吗？”“没有，但是从他们失踪后我们一直试图与他们取得联系。”此处表示从过去某一刻一直在做某事，应用现在完成进行时。8(2013哈尔滨三中模拟)wheres our phonebook? i have seen it many times these days, but .ok darling. i _ it for you if you want it at once.aget bam gettingcwill get dam going to get解析：选c句意：“我们的电话本哪去了？这些天我见过很多次，但是。”“好吧，亲爱的，如果你想要，我马上去拿。”此处表示临时做出的决定，用will加动词原形。 通过“时态定义”解题准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。1(2012全国卷)did you ask sophia for help?i _ need to i managed perfectly well on my own.awouldnt bdontcdidnt dwont解析：选c考查时态。句意：“你让sophia帮忙了吗？”“我不需要我自己完全能行。”结合问句的时态以及答语后半部分的时态可知，应用一般过去时。故c项正确。 2(2012安徽高考)walmart, which is one of the largest american supermarket chains, _ some of its stores open 24 hours on mondays through saturdays.akeeps bkeepchave kept dhad kept解析：选a考查时态和主谓一致。句意：沃尔玛是美国最大的连锁超市之一，部分店从星期一到星期六24小时营业。根据句中的“is”可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语为walmart，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，故选a。通过“时间标志词”解题做时态题时首先要在题干中寻找时间标志词，不同的时间状语代表动作发生的时间点或时间段的不同。常见时态的标志词有：1一般现在时：always, every time, now and then, occasionally, seldom, sometimes, usually等。2现在完成时：up to now, so far, recently, already, yet, in the past few years, for时间段，since时间点以及since引导的从句等。3过去完成时：by过去时间，by the end of过去时间，by the time .4将来进行时：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow。5将来完成时：by将来时间，by the end of将来时间，before .1(2013浙江高考)during the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _ sharply.awas increasing bhas increasedchad increased dwill be increasing解析：选b考查时态。根据句意“在过去的三十年中，参加健身锻炼的人数已经增加很多了”可知， increase的动作虽然发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，同时由时间状语“during the last three decades”也可知，该空应该用现在完成时。2(2012天津高考)the three of us _ around europe for about a month last summer.atravelled bhave travelledchad travelled dtravel解析：选a考查动词时态。句意：去年夏天，我们三人在欧洲旅行了一个月左右。在过去一段时间(last summer)内做了某事应用一般过去时。3(2011江苏高考)tommy is planning to buy a car.i know. by next month, he _enough for a used one.asaves bsavedcwill save dwill have saved解析：选d考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语by next month可知，到下个月，他将会积攒足够的钱，因此应用将来完成时。通过“固定结构”解题对于含有固定结构的时态题，要迅速定位，根据该句型选用正确的时态。常见的固定结构有：1had done sth. when . 刚做完某事这时2was/were doing sth. when . 正在做某事这时3在“it (this) is the best (worst, most interesting等)名词从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。4在“it (this) is the first/second/third . timethat 从句”中， that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。在“it (this) was the first/second/third . timethat 从句”中， that从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。5在hardly (scarcely) . when ., no sooner . than .句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一就”。6在“祈使句 and/or 陈述句”结构中，陈述句的谓语动词为will do。1(2013陕西高考)jim _ a latenight film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.awatched bhad watchedcwas watching dwould be watching解析：选c考查动词时态。句意：吉姆正在家看一部午夜电影，正看到令人毛骨悚然的场景时，电视变成空白了。根据句意可知，此处表示过去某时间正在进行的动作。故选c。2(2009陕西高考)this is the first time we_a film in the cinema together as a family.asee bhad seencsaw dhave seen解析：选d考查时态。“it/this is the first/second time (that) .”句型的从句部分用现在完成时，但如果是“it/this was the first/second time (that).”则从句需要用过去完成时。通过“动作先后关系”解题在一个比较复杂的句子里，总会有好几个动作或现象，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们一定要根据这种先后关系来判断。1(2012浙江高考)peter had intended to take a job in business, but _ that plan after the unpleasant experience in canada in 2010.ahad abandoned babandonedcabandon dwill abandon解析：选b考查动词的时态。根据句意“peter本打算在商界找一份工作，但2010年在加拿大的一次不愉快的经历使他最终放弃了那个计划”可知，abandon的动作发生在过去，同时由题眼“had intended”可知，该空应该用一般过去时，所以只有b项符合句意。 2(2011山东高考)she was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children_everything!ahad been eating bhad eatenchave eaten dhave been eating解析：选b考查动词的时态。第一个分句用的是一般过去时，由语意可知，第二个分句中的动作(eat)发生在第一个分句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前，属于典型的“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。通过“语境暗示”解题有些题目中时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。1(2013天津高考)the water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers _ one of the main pipes.ahad repaired bhave repaired crepaired dare repairing解析：选d考查动词的时态。句意：水供应已经被暂时切断了，因为工人们正在修其中一条主管道。根据主句时态可知，从句时态应与现在有关，排除a和c；b项表示已修好了，与主句意思不符，故选d，表示正在修。2(2012重庆高考)kevin, you look worried.anything wrong?well, i _ a test and im waiting for the result.awill take btookchad taken dtake解析：选b考查动词时态。根据“im waiting for the result”可知，kevin已经参加过考试了，是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故选b项。1(2013云南玉溪市模拟)polluted too heavily, beijing _ its worst air quality in the first two months of this year.awas seeing bseeschas seen dsaw解析：选c句意：由于污染太严重了，今年前两个月北京见证了最差的空气质量。根据 in the first two months of this year可判断为现在完成时。2(2013北京市高三二模)what happened to bill?he _ really fast when suddenly he ran headfirst into a parked car.ahad run bwas runningchas run dhas been running解析：选b句意：“比尔出了什么事？”“他正在快速跑着，这时突然一头撞在了一辆停着的车上。”考查句式be doing . when .意为“正在做某事，这时”。3(2013西安市高三二模)have you seen the film lost in thailand?oh, no.i _ my homework all day yesterday.ahad done bdidchave done dwas doing解析：选d句意：“你看电影泰囧了吗？”“噢，没有，昨天整天我都在做作业。”表示过去某个时候正在做某事用过去进行时。4(2013南昌市高三二模)as he approached the door, mike looked into the room again to see if he _ anything behind.aleft bhad leftchas left dwould leave解析：选b句意：当麦克靠近大门时，又一次往屋里看，看看是否落下了什么东西。空格内表示的动作发生在looked之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。5(2013安徽亳州高三二模)my father _ away for two weeks.i want to do something special for him when he comes back next month.awill be bhas beencwas dhad been解析：选a句意：我父亲要外出两个星期，我想等他下月回来时为他做点特别的事情。此处表示将要做某事，应用一般将来时。近几年高考题，有些命题者故意人为设置一些“陷阱”，因此在解答此类题目时要克服定势思维，认真分析语境，不要被命题者迷惑。例如：陷阱一：看到“for一段时间”不一定用现在完成时(2009四川高考)you speak very good french!thanks.i_french in sichuan university for four years.astudiedbstudycwas studying dhad studied解析：选a考查时态。由你(现在)法语说得很好可知本题强调过去发生的动作(我过去在四川大学学过四年法语)，故用一般过去时。陷阱二：看到“look！”不一定用现在进行时(2012江西高考)look! somebody _ the sofa.well, it wasnt me. i didnt do it.ais cleaning bwas cleaningchas cleaned dhad cleaned解析：选c考查时态。句意：“看，有人已经清理了沙发。”“嗯，不是我，我没有做。”从后面的回答可以看出事情已经完成了，前面一句着重谈对现在的影响，所以用现在完成时态。陷阱三：看到“平行结构”不一定用同样的时态 (2012江苏高考)the president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he _.ahas started bstartscstarted dwill start解析：选c考查动词时态。句意：这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他上任时更富有。“上任”是过去发生的动作，所以此处用一般过去时。故选c项。1(2013宝鸡高三二模)look at that little boy wandering about perhaps he _his mother.awill lose bis losingchad lost dhas lost解析：选d根据那个小男孩徘徊的现象，推知他可能是找不到妈妈了，故用现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响。 2(2013青岛高三二模)i dont know if she _， but if she _ i will let you know.acomes; comes bwill come; will comeccomes; will come dwill come; comes解析：选d第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，应用一般将来时；第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句，应用一般现在时表示将来。3(2013长沙高三二模)i _ his telephone number.i have his number, but i _ to bring my phone book.aforget; forget bforgot; forgotcforget; forgot dforgot; forget解析：选c仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上，故第二空应填 forgot，即答案应选c。4(2013石家庄高三二模)you seem to be familiar with london.i _ there for three years. its great to be back.alived bhad livedchave lived dlive解析：选a句意：“你好像对伦敦很熟悉。”“我在那里住过3年，故地重游真是太好了。”此处表示过去某段时间做过某事，用一般过去时。要特别注意，不要根据for three years选择完成时。规律一：只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态；不及物动词或短语无被动语态many stars appear in the sky at night. (不能用are appeared)晚上天空会出现很多星星。great changes have taken place in my hometown since the reform and opening. (不能用have been taken place)改革开放以来，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。1(2013北京高考)so what is the procedure?all the applicants _ before a final decision is mad