卫生 AB2010年模拟题1.doc

2010年职称英语等级考试卫生类A/B级模拟题(第一套)第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1He was revising (B级)what he had written.A) examiningB) improvingC) scanning D) displaying2. I am sorry I must disapprove (B级)your action.A) object to B) put offC) think over D) listen to3. Receiving a college degree is beneficial (B级)for your future. A) essential B) hopefulC) helpful D)influential4.It is liable (B级)to rain.A) reliable B) likelyC) available D) able5. You have to pay for excess (B级)luggage on a plane.A) additional B) largeC) heavy D) huge 6 He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress(B级). A) despair B) troubleC) need D) service7His fatness renders (B级)him lazy.A)causes B) remainsC) results D) makes8. His younger brother will become eligible (A级)to vote on his next birthday. A) qualified B) matureC) intelligent D) responsible9Good reading elevates (A级)the mind.A) lifts B) picksC) excites D) entertains10 You startled (A级)me when you shouted. A) threatened B) amazedC) interrupted D) troubled11It is said the houses along this street will soon be demolished(A级). A)pulled downB) pulled upC) pulled offD) pulled in12She tried to probe (A级)my mind and discover what I was thinking. A) solvedB) exploredC) involved D) exploded13 When he called me a thief I promptly(A级) hit him.A) quietly B) gradually C) silently D) immediately14 We shook hands as a token (A级) of our friendship.A) type B) formC) touch D) sign15Some scientists are working hard at how tide can be harnessed (A级)to produce electricity.A)changedB) convertedC) used D) guided第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Tanning Parlors Take HeatPeople who seek a glamorous tan through sun lamps may double their risk of developing Common types of skin cancer, according to a new study that found the risk was highest for those who start at a young age The study, appearing in the latest issue of Journal of the USNational Cancer Institute，concluded that people who use tanning devices were 1.5 to 2.5 times more 1ikely to have common kinds of skin cancer than were people who did not use the devices The study confirmed what doctors have long suspectedthat sun lamp use increases the risk of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers，said Margaret RKaragas，first author of the study Either going to the tanning parlor，or getting an infrequent sunburn。can seriously damage the skin，said DrJames Spencer，vice chairman of the department of dermatology at Mount Hospital， but the smalldaytoday exposure is worse for the skin in the long run Joseph ALevy，vice president of the International Smart Tan Network，however，said occasional sunburn “is a risk factor in all forms of skin cancer and intermittent sunburn is what the tanning industry is trying to stop” In the study, Karagas and her colleagues interviewed 603 basal cell skin cancer patients and 293 with squamous cell skin cancerThey talked to 540 control subjects。who did not have either type of skin cancer. About l million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancerAmong those skin cancer patients，about 80 percent are with basal cell skin cancer,16 percent，with squamous cell skin cancer and 4 percent。with melanomathe most serious form of skin cancersBack to the interviewed patients，190 reported that they had used tanning devices at some timeIn the control groups，only 75 had used such devicesKaragas said a statistical analysis shows that those who used tanning equipment were 2.5 times more likely to get squamous cell skin cancer than those who had not used the devicesFor basal cell cancerthe risk was 1.5 times greater The risk was highest for those who first used the tanning devices before the age of 20，said KaragasFor this group，the squamous cell cancer risk was 3.6 times greater than that of the controls while the basal cell cancer risk was 1.3 times greater1.The passage confirms that using tanning equipment is harmful to ones health ARight BWrong CNot mentioned2.The highest rate of skin cancers is found in teenagers who use sun lamps frequently ARight BWrong CNot mentioned3.Melanoma is a more serious cancer than lung cancer ARight BWrong CNot mentioned4.Karagas reported her research results basing on interviews with a group of skin cancer patients and a control group of people with no skin cancers ARight BWrong CNot mentioned5.Doctor James Spencers argument implies that in the long run，getting all infrequent sunburn is worse than the smallday-to-day exposure ARight BWrong CNot mentioned6.The passage mentions three forms of skin cancers, of which squamous cell skin cancer is the most dangerous ARight BWrong CNot mentioned7.It is implied in MrLevys argument(Paragraph 5)that frequent exposure to sun lamps is safeAright BWrong CNot mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1-4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Napping to a Healthier Heart? Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.2 The test measures levels of a protein in the blood. The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack, heart failure3 or stroke.Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team. For about four years, they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease. The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.4 Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack, heart failure or stroke. The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way. The study involved mostly men, so the researchers could not say for sure5 that the results are also true for women. They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure. Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart patient should affect that persons treatment. They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment6 could reduce the patients chance of a heart attack or stroke. The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.7 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack? An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine8 suggests that the answer may be yes. In countries like the United States, afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries. And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease. So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part. Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.9 Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps. The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress. They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.词汇：nap n. vi. (白天)小睡，打盹；睡午觉failure n. 衰竭diabetes n. 糖尿病archive n. (常用复数) 档案；档案室Mediterranean adj. 地中海的Greece n. 希腊subject n. 受实验者注释：1. Napping to a Healthier Heart? 午睡可以使心脏更健康吗？to在这里表示达到某种结果或效果。2. heart attack：心脏病发作 3. heart failure：心力衰竭 4. NT-proBNP：N端-脑型利钠肽原（或：N末端前脑利钠肽）。它是心肌中的一种压力指示因子，有望成为预测冠心病转归的生化标志物。5. for sure：确实，毫无疑问地6. aggressive treatment：损伤性治疗（aggressive原意是“有攻击性的，侵略的”） 7. American Medical Association (AMA) ：美国医学会8. Archives of Internal Medicine：内科医学档案9. Harvard University：（美国）哈佛大学 University of Athens ：（希腊）雅典大学练习：1. Paragraph 2 2. Paragraph 3 3. Paragraph 5 4. Paragraph 6 A Effects of napping in females still uncertain B Older males have higher levels of NT-proBNPC Development of a simple but important test D Evidence of positive relationship between napping and heart diseaseE How to control the levels of NT-proBNPF Effects of NT-proBNP on heart disease 5. According to some researchers, by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know 6. If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP 7. People who take regular afternoon naps 8. So far there have not been definite data to confirm A where fewer people die from heart problem.B whether they have the risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke.C would probably have lower rates of heart disease.D how to test a persons NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself.E his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way. D that napping is of great benefit to women too.第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第1篇Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much? Earlier this yearthe American College of Surgeons，the national scientific and educational organization of surgeonsconducted a nationwide survey that found that lhe average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeonWhile prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operationthey dont necessarily look for information that would address their concerns In factmore than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operatedPatients are more likely to spend time researching a job change(on average，about 10 hours)or a new car(8 hours)than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields the knifeAnd many patients are satisfied with the answers thev receive from their surgeon or primary care doctor，whoever those individuals happen to be. I felt curious about the surveyao I called DrThomas Russell，executive director of theAmerican Co11ege of Surgeons “There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involvedand not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or surgeons，”he told me There are consequences to that kind of blind trust“Today，medicine and surgery are reallyteam sports”DrRussell continued，“and the patient，as the ultimate decision maker，is the mostimportant member of the teamMistakes can happen,and patients have to be educated and mustunderstand what is going on” In other wordsa healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedsidemanners and responsible office management on the part of the doctorIt also requires that patientscome to the relationship educated about their doctors，their illnesses and their treatment. “If we are trulv going to reform the health care system in the US，”DrRussell said， “everybody has to participate actively and must educate themselvesThat means doctors，nurses，other health care professionals1awyers，pharmaceutical companies，and insurance companiesBut most of all，it means the patient” Trust is importantBut as Sir Francis Bacon，who was among the first to understand theimportance of gathering data in science，once observed，knowledge is power. 词汇：prospective预期的，将米的 compel强迫迫使complication并发症 entail需要credential资历pharmaceutical制药的wield支配，控制注释：1Sir Francis Bacon：培根(15611626，英国哲学家，英语语言大师，英国唯物主义和实验科学的创始人，反对经院哲学，提出知识就是力量，主要著作有论科学的价值和发展、新工具。)练习：1Patients do not seem to spend enough timeA researching job changesB researching new cars C researching their surgery or surgeonsD researching the American College of Surgeons2It appears that patients nowadays haveA little trust in their doctorsB too much trust in their doctorsC too much information about their doctorsD a healthy relationship with their doctors3The most important role in medicine and surgery should be playedA by pharmaceutical and insurance companiesB by doctors and nursesC by lawyersD by patients4Its a mistaken idea that a healthy doctor-patient relationshipA is a goal that can be achievedB is what the patient desiresC is dependent just on the doctorD also entails efforts made by the patient5The author does NOT believe inA Francis BaconB blind trustC scientific dataD the power of knowledge第2篇Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say.We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed,said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed1, he said.The process of renewing these ceils changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated,it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack, Frisen said.That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure, noted co-author Dr.Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying2, he said. from With this finding, scientists are opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves3, heal ourselves Bhardwaj said. Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing.But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.词汇Longstanding adj. 为时甚久的turnover n. 更替率Cardiac adj. 心脏的pharmaceutical n. 药物cardiomyocyte n. 心肌细胞therapy n. 疗法、治疗注释1. It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed: 早前并不清楚人们是否局限于出生时所具有的细胞还是说这些细胞可以被更新。2. Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying: 慢性心衰是由心肌细胞死亡导致的。3. With this finding, scientists are opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves: 有了这一发现，科学家们正在打开让我们自愈的潜在疗法的大门。练习：1. The human heart stops producing cardiac cellsA when a person is born.B when a person becomes old.C when a person gets sick.D when a person dies.2. The finding could prove to be helpful toA the study of longstanding mysteries.B the analysis of cardiac cells.C the prevention of chronic diseases.D the treatment of heart disease.3. The people whore in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytesA are still functionalB are replaced each year.C are lost each year.D are damaged each year.4. Chronic heart failure is associated withA the death of heart cells.B the life span of a person.C the effects of pharmaceuticals.D the weight of the patient.5. It remains unknown whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased heartsA changes over time.B can be monitored.C is the same as that in healthy hearts.D is high enough to replace cells faster than theyre dying off.第3篇Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations, Jerilyn Ross, the associations president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday.The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves, Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romanti