自然语言处理及计算语言学.doc

自然语言处理及计算语言学相关术语中英对译表abbreviation缩写省略语ablative夺格(的)abrupt突发音accent口音/Phonetics重音accusative受格（的）acoustic phonetics声学语音学acquisition习得action verb动作动词active主动语态active chart parser活动图句法剖析程序active knowledge主动知识active verb主动动词actor-action-goal施事(者)-动作-目标actualization实现(化)acute锐音address地址信息科学/称呼（语）语言学adequacy妥善性adjacency pair邻对adjective形容词adjunct附加语附加修饰语adjunction加接adverb副词adverbial idiom副词词组affective影响的affirmative肯定（的；式）affix词缀affixation加缀affricate塞擦音agent施事agentive-action verb施事动作动词agglutinative胶着（性）agreement对谐AI (artificial intelligence)人工智能人工智能AI language人工智能语言人工智能语言Algebraic Linguistics代数语言学algorithm算法算法alienable可分割的alignment对照多国语言文章词；词组；句子翻译的allo-同位-allomorph同位语素allophone同位音位alpha notation alpha标记alphabetic writing拼音文字alternation交替alveolar齿龈音ambiguity歧义ambiguity resolution歧义消解ambiguous歧义American structuralism美国结构主义analogy类推analyzable可分析的anaphor照应语前方照应词animate有生的A-not-A question正反问句antecedent先行词anterior舌前音anticipation预期(音变)antonym反义词antonymy反义A-over-A A-上-A原则apposition同位语appositive construction同位结构appropriate恰当的approximant无擦通音approximate match近似匹配arbitrariness任意性archiphoneme大音位argument论元变元argument structure论元结构变元结构arrangement配列array数组articulatory configuration发音结构articulatory phonetics发音语音学artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能人工智能artificial language人工语言ASCII美国标准信息交换码aspect态体aspirant气音aspiration送气assign指派assimilation同化association关联associative phrase联想词组asterisk标星号ATN (augmented transition network)扩充转移网络attested经证实的attribute属性attributive属性auditory phonetics听觉语音学augmented transition network扩充转移网络automatic document classification自动文件分类automatic indexing自动索引automatic segmentation自动切分automatic training自动训练automatic word segmentation自动分词automaton自动机autonomous自主的auxiliary助动词axiom公理baby-talk儿语back-formation逆生构词(法)backtrack回溯Backus-Naur Form巴科斯诺尔形式巴科斯诺尔范式backward deletion逆向删略ba-construction把字句balanced corpus平衡语料库base词基Bayesian learning贝式学习Bayesian statistics贝式统计behaviorism行为主义belief system信念系统benefactive受益（格；的）best first parser最佳优先句法剖析器bidirectional linked list双向串行bigram双连词bilabial双唇音bilateral双边的bilingual concordancer双语关键词前后文排序程序binary feature双向特征二分征性binding约束bit位二进制制;比特biuniqueness双向唯一性blade舌叶blend省并词block封阻封杀Bloomfieldian布隆菲尔德(学派)的body language肢体语言Boolean lattice布尔网格布尔网格borrow借移Bottom-up由下而上bottom-up parsing由下而上剖析bound附着（的）bound morpheme附着语素黏着语素boundary marker界线标记boundary symbol界线符号bracketing方括号法branching分枝法breadth-first search广度优先搜寻宽度优先搜索breath group换气单位breathy气息音的buffer缓冲区byte字节CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction)计算机辅助教学CALL (computer assisted language learning)计算机辅助语言学习canonical典范的capacity能力cardinal基数的cardinal vowels基本元音case格位case frame格位框架Case Grammar格位语法case marking格位标志CAT (computer assisted translation)计算机辅助翻译cataphora下指Categorial Grammar范畴语法Categorial Unification Grammar范畴连并语法范畴合一语法causative使动causative verb使役动词causativity使役性centralization央元音化chain炼chart parsing表式剖析图表句法分析checked受阻的checking验证Chinese character code中文编码汉字代码Chinese character code for information interchange中文信息交换码汉字交换码Chinese character coding input method中文输入法汉字编码输入choice选择Chomsky hierarchy杭士基阶层Chomsky层次结构citation form基本形式CKY algorithm (Cocke-Kasami-Younger) CKY算法classifier类别词cleft sentence分裂句click啧音clitic附着词closed world assumption封闭世界假说cluster音群Cocke-Kasami-Younger algorithm CKY算法coda音节尾code conversion代码变换cognate同源（的；词）Cognitive Linguistics认知语言学coherence一致性cohesion凝结性黏着性;结合力collapse合并collective集合的collocation连用语同现;搭配combinatorial construction合并结构combinatorial insertion合并中插combinatorial word合并词Combinatory Categorial Grammar组合范畴语法comment评论commissive许诺语行common sense semantics常识语意学Communication Theory通讯理论通讯论;信息论Comparative Linguistics比较语言学comparison比较competence语言知能compiler编译器complement补语complementary互补complementary distribution互补分布complementizer补语标记complex predicate复杂谓语complex stative construction复杂状态结构complex symbol复杂符号complexity复杂度component成分compositionality语意合成性合成性compound word复合词Computational Lexical Semantics计算词汇语意学Computational Lexicography计算词典编纂学Computational Linguistics计算语言学Computational Phonetics计算语音学Computational Phonology计算声韵学Computational Pragmatics计算语用学Computational Semantics计算语意学Computational Syntax计算句法学computer language计算器语言computer-aided translation计算机辅助翻译计算器辅助翻译computer-assisted instruction (CAI)计算机辅助教学computer-assisted language learning计算机辅助语言学习计算器辅助语言学习concatenation串联concept classification概念分类concept dependency概念依存conceptual hierarchy概念阶层concord谐和concordance关键词(前后文)排序concordancer关键词(前后文)排序的程序concurrent parsing并行句法剖析conditional decision条件决定条件决策conjoin连接conjunction连接词(合取;逻辑积;与;连词)conjunctive连接的connected speech连续语言Connectionist model类神经网络模型Connectionist model for natural language自然语言类神经网络模型自然语言连接模型connotation隐涵意义consonant子音辅音constituent成分constituent structure tree词组结构树constraint限制constraint propagation限制条件的传递限定因素增殖constraint-based grammar formalism限制为本的语法形式Construct Grammar句构语法content word实词context语境context-free language语境自由语言上下文无关语言context-sensitive language语境限定语言上下文有关语言;上下文敏感语言continuant连续音continuous speech recognition连续语音识别contraction缩约control agreement principle控制一致原理control structure控制结构control theory控制论convention约定俗成规约convergence收敛趋同现象conversational implicature会话含义converse相反（词;的）cooccurrence relation共现关系同现关系co-operative principle合作原则coordination对称连接词同等;并列连接copula系词co-reference同指涉互指co-referential同指涉coronal前舌音corpora语料库corpus语料库Corpus Linguistics语料库语言学corpus-based learning语料库为本的学习correlation相关性counter-intuitive违反语感的courseware课程软件课件coverb动介词C-structure成分结构data compression数据压缩数据压缩data driven analysis数据驱动型分析数据驱动型分析data structure数据结构数据结构database数据库数据库database knowledge representation数据库知识表示数据库知识表示data-driven数据驱动数据驱动dative与格declarative knowledge陈述性知识decomposition分解deductive database演译数据库演译数据库default默认值默认;缺省definite定指Definite Clause Grammar确定子句语法definite state automaton有限状态自动机Definite State Grammar有限状态语法definiteness定指degree adverb程度副词degree of freedom自由度deixis指示delimiter定界符号定界符denotation外延denotic logic符号逻辑dependency依存关系Dependency Grammar依存关系语法dependency relation依存关系depth-first search深度优先搜寻derivation派生derivational bound morpheme派生性附着语素Descriptive Grammar描述型语法描写语法Descriptive Linguistics描述语言学描写语言学desiderative意愿的determiner限定词deterministic algorithm决定型算法确定性算法deterministic finite state automaton决定型有限状态机deterministic parser决定型语法剖析器确定性句法剖析程序developmental psychology发展心理学Diachronic Linguistics历时语言学diacritic附加符号dialectology方言学dictionary database辞典数据库词点数据库dictionary entry辞典条目digital processing数字处理数值处理diglossia双言digraph二合字母diminutive指小词diphone双连音directed acyclic graph有向非循环图disambiguation消除歧义歧义消除discourse篇章discourse analysis篇章分析言谈分析discourse planning篇章规划Discourse Representation Theory篇章表征理论言谈表示理论discourse strategy言谈策略discourse structure言谈结构discrete离散的disjunction选言dissimilation异化distributed分布式的distributed cooperative reasoning分布协调型推理distributed text parsing分布式文本剖析disyllabic双音节的ditransitive verb双宾动词双宾语动词;双及物动词divergence扩散分化D-M (Determiner-Measure) construction定量结构D-N (determiner-noun) construction定名结构document retrieval system文件检索系统文献检索系统domain dependency领域依存性领域依存关系double insertion交互中插double-base双基downgrading降级dummy虚位duration音长语音学/时段语法学/语意学dynamic programming动态规划Earley algorithm Earley算法echo回声句egressive呼气音ejective紧喉音electronic dictionary电子词典elementary string基本字符串基本单词串ellipsis省略EM algorithm EM算法embedding崁入emic功能关系的empiricism经验论Empty Category Principle虚范畴原则空范畴原理empty word虚词enclitics后接成份end user终端用户最终用户endocentric同心的endophora语境照应entailment蕴涵entity实体entropy熵entry条目episodic memory情节性记忆epistemological network认识论网络ergative verb作格动词ergativity作格性Esperando世界语etic无功能关系etymology词源学event事件event driven control事件驱动型控制example-based machine translation以例句为本的机器翻译exclamation感叹exclusive disjunction排它性逻辑“或”experiencer case经验者格expert system专家系统extension外延external argument域外论元extraposition移外变形外置转换facility value易度值feature特征feature bundle特征束feature co-occurrence restriction特征同现限制特性同现限制feature instantiation特征体现feature structure特征结构特性结构feature unification特征连并特性合一feedback回馈felicity condition妥适条件file structure档案结构finite automaton有限状态机有限自动机finite state有限状态Finite State Morphology有限状态构词法有限状态词法finite-state automata有限状态自动机finite-state language有限状态语言finite-state machine有限状态机finite-state transducer有限状态置换器flap闪音flat降音foreground information前景讯息前景信息Formal Language Theory形式语言理论Formal Linguistics形式语言学Formal Semantics形式语意学forward inference前向推理向前推理forward-backward algorithm前前后后算法frame框架frame based knowledge representation框架型知识表示Frame Theory框架理论free morpheme自由语素Fregean principle Fregean原则fricative擦音F-structure功能结构full text searching全文检索function word功能词Functional Grammar功能语法functional programming函数型程序设计函数型程序设计functional sentence perspective功能句子观functional structure功能结构functional unification功能连并功能合一functor功能符fundamental frequency基频garden path sentence花园路径句GB (Government and Binding)管辖约束geminate重迭音gender性Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar概化词组结构语法广义短语结构语法Generative Grammar衍生语法Generative Linguistics衍生语言学生成语言学generic泛指genetic epistemology发生认识论genetive marker属格标记genitive属格gerund动名词Government and Binding Theory管辖约束理论GPSG (Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar)概化词组结构语法广义短语结构语法gradability可分级性grammar checker文法检查器grammatical affix语法词缀grammatical category语法范畴grammatical function语法功能grammatical inference文法推论grammatical relation语法关系grapheme字素haplology类音删略head中心语head driven phrase structure中心语驱动词组结构中心词驱动词组结构head feature convention中心语特征继承原理中心词特性继承原理Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar中心语驱动词组结构律heteronym同形heuristic parsing经验式句法剖析Heuristics经验知识hidden Markov model隐式马可夫模型hierarchical structure阶层结构层次结构holophrase单词句homograph同形异义词homonym同音异义词homophone同音词homophony同音异义homorganic同部位音的Horn clause Horn子句HPSG (Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar)中心语驱动词组结构语法human-machine interface人机界面hypernym上位词hypertext超文件超文本hyponym下位词hypotactic主从结构的IC (immediate constituent)直接成份ICG (Information-based Case Grammar)讯息为本的格位语法idiom成语熟语idiosyncrasy特异性illocutionary施为性immediate constituent直接成份imperative祈使句implicative predicate蕴含谓词implicature含意indexical标引的indirect object间接宾语indirect speech act间接言谈行动间接言语行为Indo-European language印欧语言inductional inference归纳推理inference machine推理机器infinitive不定词to不定式infix中缀inflection/inflexion屈折变化inflectional affix屈折词缀information extraction信息撷取information processing信息处理信息处理information retrieval信息检索Information Science信息科学信息科学;情报科学Information Theory信息论信息论inherent feature固有特征inherit继承inheritance继承inheritance hierarchy继承阶层继承层次inheritance of attribute属性继承innateness position语法天生假说insertion中插inside-outside algorithm里里外外算法instantiation体现instrumental (case)工具格integrated parser集成句法剖析程序integrated theory of discourse analysis篇章分析综合理论言谈分析综合理论intelligence intensive production知识密集型生产intensifier加强成分intensional logic内含逻辑Intensional Semantics内涵语意学intensional type内含类型interjection/exclamation感叹词inter-level中间成分interlingua中介语言interlingual中介语(的）interlocutor对话者internalise内化International Phonetic Association (IPA)国际语音学会internet因特网Interpretive Semantics诠释性语意学intonation语调intonation unit (IU)语调单位IPA (International Phonetic Association)国际语音学会IR (information retrieval)信息检索IS-A relation IS-A关系isomorphism同形现象IU (intonation unit)语调单位junction连接keyword in context上下文中关键词上下文内关键词kinesics体势学knowledge acquisition知识习得knowledge base知识库knowledge based machine translation知识为本之机器翻译knowledge extraction知识撷取知识题取knowledge representation知识表示KWIC (keyword in context)关键词前后文上下文内关键词label标签labial唇音labio-dental唇齿音labio-velar软颚唇音LAD (language acquisition device)语言习得装置lag发声延迟language acquisition语言习得language acquisition device语言习得装置language engineering语言工程language generation语言生成language intuition语感language model语言模型language technology语言科技left-corner parsing左角落剖析左角句法剖析lemma词元lenis弱辅音letter-to-phone字转音lexeme词汇单位lexical ambiguity词汇歧义lexical category词类lexical conceptual structure词汇概念结构lexical entry词项lexical entry selection standard选词标准lexical integrity词语完整性Lexical Semantics词汇语意学Lexical-Functional Grammar词汇功能语法Lexicography词典学Lexicology词汇学lexicon词汇库词典;词库lexis词汇层LF (logical form)逻辑形式LFG (Lexical-Functional Grammar)词汇功能语法liaison连音linear bounded automaton线性有限自主机linear precedence线性次序lingua franca共通语linguistic decoding语言译码linguistic unit语言单位linked list串行loan外来语local局部的localism方位主义localizer方位词locus model轨迹模型locution惯用语logic逻辑logic array network逻辑数组网络logic programming逻辑程序设计逻辑程序设计logical form逻辑形式logical operator逻辑算子逻辑算符Logic-Based Grammar逻辑为本语法基于逻辑的语法long term memory长期记忆longest match principle最长匹配原则最长一致法LR (left-right) parsing LR剖析machine dictionary机器词典machine language机器语言machine learning机器学习machine translation机器翻译machine-readable dictionary (MRD)机读辞典Macrolinguistics宏观语言学Markov chart马可夫图Mathematical Linguistics数理语言学maximum entropy最大熵M-D (modifier-head) construction偏正结构mean length of utterance (MLU)语句平均长度measure of information讯习测度信息测度memory based根据记忆的mental lexicon心理词汇库mental model心理模型mental process心理过程智力过程;智力处理metalanguage超语言metaphor隐喻metaphorical extension隐喻扩展metarule律上律元规则metathesis语音易位Microlinguistics微观语言学middle structure中间式结构minimal pair最小对Minimalist Program微言主义MLU (mean length of utterance)语句平均长度modal情态词modal auxiliary情态助动词modal logic情态逻辑modifier修饰语Modular Logic Grammar模块化逻辑语法modular parsing system模块化句法剖析系统modularity模块性(理论)module模块monophthong单元音monotonic单调monotonicity单调性Montague Grammar蒙泰究语法蒙塔格语法mood语气morpheme词素morphological affix构词词缀morphological decomposition语素分解morphological pattern词型morphological processing词素处理morphological rule构词律词法规则morphological segmentation语素切分Morphology构词学Morphophonemics词音学形态音位学;语素音位学morphophonological rule形态音位规则Morphosyntax词句法Motor Theory肌动理论movement移位MRD (machine-readable dictionary)机读辞典MT (machine translation)机器翻译multilingual processing system多语讯息处理系统multilingual translation多语翻译multimedia多媒体multi-media communication多媒体通讯multiple inheritance多重继承multistate logic多态逻辑mutation语音转换mutual exclusion互斥mutual information相互讯息nativist position语法天生假说natural language自然语言natural language processing (NLP)自然语言处理natural language understanding自然语言理解negation否定negative sentence否定句neologism新词语nested structure崁套结构network网络neural network类神经网络Neurolinguistics神经语言学neutralization中立化n-gram n-连词n-gram modeling n-连词模型NLP (natural language processing)自然语言处理node节点nominalization名物化nonce暂用的non-finite非限定non-finite clause非限定式子句non-monotonic reasoning非单调推理normal distribution常态分布noun名词noun phrase名词组NP (noun phrase) completeness名词组完全性object宾语语言学/对象信息科学object oriented programming对象导向程序设计面向对向的程序设计official language官方语言one-place predicate一元述语on-line dictionary在线查询词典联机词点onomatopoeia拟声词onset节首音ontogeny个体发生Ontology本体论open set开放集operand操作数操作对象optimization最佳化最优化overgeneralization过度概化overgeneration过度衍生paradigmatic relation聚合关系paralanguage附语言parallel construction并列结构Parallel Corpus平行语料库parallel distributed processing (PDP)平行分布处理paraphrase转述释意;意译;同意互训parole言语parser剖析器句法剖析程序parsing剖析part of speech (POS)词类particle语助词PART-OF relation PART-OF关系part-of-speech tagging词类标注pattern recognition型样识别P-C (predicate-complement) insertion述补中插PDP (parallel distributed processing)平行分布处理perception知觉perceptron感觉器感知器perceptual strategy感知策略performative行为句periphrasis用独立词表达perlocutionary语效性的permutation移位Petri Net Grammar Petri网语法philology语文学phone语音phoneme音素phonemic analysis因素分析phonemic stratum音素层Phonetics语音学phonogram音标Phonology声韵学音位学;广义语音学Phonotactics音位排列理论phrasal verb词组动词短语动词phrase词组短语phrase marker词组标记短语标记pitch音调pitch contour调形变化Pivot Grammar枢轴语法pivotal construction承轴结构plausibility function可能性函数PM (phrase marker)词组标记短语标记polysemy多义性POS-tagging词类标记postposition方位词PP (preposition phrase) attachment介词依附Pragmatics语用学Precedence Grammar优先级语法precision精确度predicate述词predicate calculus述词计算predicate logic述词逻辑谓词逻辑predicate-argument structure述词论元结构prefix前缀premodification前置修饰preposition介词Prescriptive Linguistics规定语言学规范语言学presentative sentence引介句presupposition前提Principle of Compositionality语意合成性原理privative二元对立的probabilistic parser概率句法剖析程序problem solving解决问题program程序programming language程序设计语言程序设计语言proofreading system校对系统proper name专有名词prosody节律prototype原型pseudo-cleft sentence准分裂句Psycholinguistics心理语言学punctuation标点符号pushdown automata下推自动机pushdown transducer下推转换器qualification后置修饰quantification量化quantifier范域词Quantitative Linguistics计量语言学question answering system问答系统queue队列radical字根词干;词根;部首;偏旁radix of tuple元组数基random access随机存取rationalism理性论rationalist (position)理性论立场唯理论观点reading laboratory阅读实验室real time实时real time control实时控制实时控制recursive transition network递归转移网络reduplication重迭词重复reference指涉referent指称对象referential indices指标referring expression指涉词指示短语register缓存器寄存器信息科学/调高语音学/语言的场合层级社会语言学regular language正规语言正则语言relational database关系型数据库关系数据库relative clause关系子句relaxation method松弛法relevance相关性