2016考试说明词汇讲解.docx

2016年中考考试说明词汇讲解第一讲： 首字母 “a”到 “c” 1. ability /blti / 能力,才能 n. 二重 (八上 Unit 2 P12) adj.-able原句重现：He lost the ability to walk他不能走路。 能做 have the ability to do sth. =can do sth.=be able to do sth 不能做 lose the ability to do sth. =cant do sth.=be not able to do sth.在某方面的能力 the ability in/for sth. 同义句转换： He lost the ability to walk.=He couldnt walk.=He wasnt able to walk.2. able /ebl/ 有能力的，能干的 adj. （六下 Unit 9 P63） n.-ability原句重现：They are able to feel sad,nervous, and happy.他们能感到伤心、紧张和开心。 能做某事 be able to do sth. =have the ability to do sth.翻译句子： 天黑前，我们将能到达那里。 Before dark, we will be able to get there.3. above /bv/ 在上面 prep.adv. 二重 (六上Unit 7 P50)原句重现：There is a family photograph on the wall above the piano. 在钢琴上面的墙上有一个全家福。 尤其是，最重要的是：above all 在学生上 方有六盏灯。 There are six lights above the students.Which stress is different from the others? A. about B. absent C. above Which one has a different sound? A. above B. across C. among4. accept /ksept/ 接受，承担 v. 二重 (六下 Unit 7 P50)原句重现：I cannot accept the result of the race. 我不能接受比赛的结果。 接受事实：accept the fact录取：be accepted to=enter与receive的区别 receive是客观事实的接到某物，但是accept是内心情感上的接受。 .翻译句子： 我昨天收到了一份礼物，但是我不能收。 I received a gift yesterday, but I couldnt accept it.5. across /krs/ 穿过,横过 prep. 二重 （六下 Unit 2 P14） 原句重现：I am planning to travel across America this summer. 我计划今年夏天游遍美国 过(马路/桥)：go across=cross偶然遇见：come across在对面：be across from 用over across through 填空 The animals go _the forests. He swam _the river.(横渡)I jumped _the fence.6. active /ktv/ 活跃的，积极的 adj. (八下 Unit 3 P25） adv.actively n.-activity原句重现：He was an active boy. 他是一个活泼的男孩。 积极参加 ：take an active part in sth. =take part in sth. actively 参加活动：take part in the activity join in the activity有积极的心态：have an active attitude7. advice /dvas/ 忠告，劝告，建议 u.n. 二重 (六下 Unit12 P86) v. -advise /z/原句重现：The doctors advice was to exercise regularly. 医生的建议是进行有规律的锻炼。 一条建议：a piece of advice接受某人的建议：accept ones advice take ones advice 建议做某事：advise doing sth.建议某人做某事：advise sb. to do sth.8. afford /f:d/ 买得起，能支付 v. 二重 (九下 Unit 2 P16)原句重现：They couldnt afford a rock band. 他们付不起摇滚乐队的钱。 负担得起某物：afford sth.负担得起做某事：afford to do sth. 无法负担做某事：cant afford to do Which word has a different stress? A. afford B. afraid C. actor Which word has a different sound? A. abroad B. around C. autumn 9. agree / gri:/ 一致，赞成，同意 v. 二重 (六下 U9 P64) n.-agreement 反义词：disagree原句重现：One of the foxes didnt agree. 其中的一只狐狸不同意。 同意某人某事：agree with sb. about sth.认可某事：agree to sth.同意去做某事：agree to do sth.A与B就某事达成共识：A and B agree on sth.10. all /:l/ 全部，所有 pron. (六上 Unit 2 P10)原句重现:All my classes are interesting. 我所有的课都很有意思。 整夜：all night一年到头：all the year round遍及全世界：all over the world最重要的事：above all 一生：all ones life=ones whole life那是我所有想要对你说的。 Thats all that I want to say to you.8. We are all busy=All of us are busy.11. allow la 允许，准许，认可 v. 二重 (七上 Unit 9 P67)原句重现:My dad allowed me to go to the party. 爸爸允许我参加派对。 允许某事做某事：allow sth./doing sth.允许某人做某事：allow sb. to do sth. Which stress is different? A. allow B. adult C. athlete Which of the following words has the same sound as the underlined letter of the word “brown”? A. abroad B. announce C. avoid12. amazing /mez/ 令人惊奇的 adj. 二重 (六下 U5 P34) adj. amazed n. amazement原句重现：That is really amazing.令人吃惊的东西：something amazing对感到惊讶：be amazed at/by sth.惊讶地做某事：be amazed to do sth.使某人吃惊的是：to ones amazement 他对令人吃惊的结果感到震惊。 He is amazed at the amazing result.13. answer /:ns(r)/ 答复，回答 n. v. (六上 Unit 2 P12)原句重现: I write my answers on the blackboard.我有时把答案写在黑板上。 的答案：the answer to 回答问题：answer the question接听电话：answer the telephone Which word has a different sound? A. answer B. after C. angry14. ask /:sk/ 询问，请求 v. (六上 U11 P80)原句重现：Susan asks. 苏珊问 请求：ask for要求某人做某事：ask sb. to do sth.请某人帮忙：ask sb. a favor =ask a favor of sb.帮助 ： do sb. a favor =do a favor for sb. =help sb.=give sb. a hand15. attention /tenn/ 注意，留心 n. 二重 (八下 U6 P42)原句重现：Magicians make people pay attention to something else. 魔术师们让人们集中注意力于别的事物上 注意：pay attention to sth./doing sth. = focus on 请注意：Attention, please引起某人的注意：catch ones attention16. avoid /vd/ 防止，避免 v. 二重 (七上 U1 P4)原句重现：People should avoid this road until tomorrow. 人们应该避让这一路段到明天为止。 避免某事：avoid sth.避免做某事：avoid doing sth. Which group has the same sound? A. cloud enough B. avoid noise C. dead please首字母 “a”部的补充单词用法： 缺席，请假：be absent (from) 采取行动：take action事实上：actually=in fact=as a matter of fact只要：as long as一就:as soon as又，也：as well as有积极的态度：have a positive attitude把独自留下：leave sb. alone事实胜于雄辩。 Actions speak louder than words.17. believe /bli:v/ 相信 v. 二重 (六下 Unit 9 P69 )原句重现：The story says never to believe someone flattering you.故事说不要相信那些奉承你的人。 信任某人：believe in sb. have belief in sb.believe 与 believe in 的区别 believe:相信 , believe in: 信仰, 信任 我相信他说的话： I believe him（=I believe what he says） 我相信他的为人。I believe in him （=I trust him. ） 18. borrow /br/ 借，借用 v. (七上 U2 P10)原句重现：Who borrowed the book from Zhang Wei? 谁从张伟那借书了？ 向借：borrowfromborrow转成延续性动词：keep borrow 借入；lend借出 .你可以借我的自行车，但是你就能借两周。 You can borrow my bike, but you can only keep it for two weeks.19. breathe /bri:/ 呼吸 v. （八上 U11 P80） n.-breath /bre/ 原句重现：We may even have to pay for the air that we breathe. 我甚至可能要付我们所呼吸的空气的钱。 深呼吸：breathe deeply take a deep breath呼吸新鲜空气：breathe the fresh air上气不接下气：be out of breath.屏住呼吸：hold ones breath20. careful /kefl/ 仔细的，小心的，认真的 adj.(六上 U11 P83) adv. -carefully n.v.-care 原句重现：Be careful with fire. 小心火。 小心: be careful with sth.小心做某事：be careful to do sth.照看，照顾：take care of=care for =look after你越认真，犯的错误就越少。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.21. catch /kt/ 抓住 v. caught-caught (六下 Unit 9 P66)原句重现: He set a trap to catch a mouse. 他设了个陷阱抓老鼠。 赶上：catch up with赶车：catch the bus 感冒：catch a cold抓住机会做某事：catch the chance to do22. choose /tu:z/ 选择 v.-chose-chosen (八下 U3 P20)原句重现：In 1998, Yang Liwei was chosen to start training for a space mission. 在98年，杨利伟被选中为太空使命而开始训练 从中挑选：choose sb./sth. from sth.选择做某事：choose to do sth.为选择:choose sb. sth. =choose sth. for sb.做出选择：make a choice23. cost /kst/ 花费 v.n.costcost (七下 Unit 2 P17)原句重现：It costs 55 dollars. 它55美元。 某物花某人钱： sth. cost sb. sm =sb. spend sm. on/in doing sth. =sb. pay sm. for sth. = sb. buy sth. for sm.(这里的cost/spend/pay/buy 要根据实际请情况进行变形) 首字母 “b,c”部的补充单词用法： 以。为基础：be based on打败队：beat the team 最好做:Youd better do sth.出生的年份：the year of birth吹蜡烛：blow the candles厌烦: be bored with=be tired of值得做某事：be worth doing(主动表被动)迟做总比不做强。Better late than never.第二讲： 首字母 “d”到 “f” 24. danger /dend(r)/ 危险 n. (八下 Unit 11 P80) adj.-dangerous原句重现: The future of the world is in danger. 未来的世界处于危难之中。 处于危险之中be in danger =be at risk(八下Unit7 P55) It is said that it reduces the risk of a heart attack. 据说它能减少的心脏病的风险 脱离危险be out of danger be dangerous for sb. to do sth.前方有危险：There is danger ahead. 25. day de 日，白天 n. (六上 Unit 1 P2) adj./adv.-daily原句重现: the first day 第一天 前天： the day before yesterday后天：the day after tomorrow 母亲节：Mothers Day教师节：Teachers Day每两天：every two days=every other day =every second day每天早睡：go to bed early every day go to bed early daily在我们的日常生活中：in our daily lives26. decide dsad 决定，下决心 v. 二重 (七上 Unit 11 P83) n.-decision原句重现: I decided to study English every day. 我决定每天学习英语。 决定做某事：decide to do sth. =make a decision to do sth. =make up ones mind to do sth.他决定戒烟He decided to give up smoking. =He made up his mind to give up smoking. =He made a decision to give up smoking. =He decided to quit/drop smoking. 27. develop /dvelp/ 开发，发展 v. 二重 (八上 Unit 11 P81) adj. developed developing n. development原句重现: To develop new natural resources. 开发新的自然资源。 发达国家：a developed country发展中国家：a developing country 随着社会的发展：with the development of the society开发土地：develop the field28. different /dfrnt/ 不同的 adj. ( 六上 Unit 5 P37 ) n.-difference原句重现: Is his bag different from her bag? 他的书包与她的不同吗？ A和B不同：A is different from B =A and B are different.A和B在颜色上不同：A and B are different in color. A和B有一个不同之处 There is a difference between A and B.29.die da 死，死亡 v. -died,died,dying (六下 Unit 5 P34) adj.dead n. -death原句重现: Vincent van Gogh died in 1890. 梵高在1890年去世。 死于（疾病）: die of死于（外界灾难）：die from 灭绝：die outdie(瞬间动词)-be dead（延续性动词） 同义句： =Van Gogh has been dead for 126 years. = =Van Gogh has been dead since 1890.30. difficult /dfklt/ 困难的 adj. (六上 Unit2 P12) n.-difficulty原句重现: My math class is very difficult for me. 数学课对我来说很难。 做某事很难：be difficult to do sth. =be difficult in doing sth. =have difficulties in doing sth. =have difficulty in doing sth.Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 克服困难：overcome the difficulty31. disappointed/dspntd/ 失望的 adj. (六上 Unit10 P72) adj.disappointing n.-disappointment原句重现: Susan is disappointed. 苏珊很失望。 对某事失望：be disappointed at sth.做某事失望：be disappointed to do sth.使某人失望的是：to ones disappointment 对某人失望：be disappointed with sb.令人失望的消息：the disappointing news使某人失望的是： to ones disappointment32. dress dres/ 穿衣，连衣裙 v./n. (六上 Unit 8 P59) 原句重现:Your dress is beautiful. 你的裙子很漂亮。 自己穿衣服：dress oneself in sth.给穿衣服：dress sb.盛装打扮：dress up穿衣服：get dressed穿着裙子：wear a dress你穿这个新裙子真漂亮。 You look beautiful in the new dress. The new dress looks beautiful on you. 首字母 “c”部的补充单词用法： 执行：carry out 的原因：the cause of庆祝毕业典礼：celebrate the graduation ceremony close(瞬间动词)closed(延续性动词)与交流：communicate with sb.对有信心：be confident of =have confidence in祝贺某人某事：Congratulations to sb. on 把某人当成:consider A as B/ look on A as B/ treat A as B/remember A as B/think of A as Bcontrol /kntrl/(二重)-controlled -controlled首字母 “d”部的补充单词用法： 依靠，取决于：depend on节食减肥：go on a diet分成:divideinto毫无疑问:There is no doubt that 梦想做某事：dream of doing sth 实现梦想：realize/achieve ones dream梦想成真：Ones dream will come true.AA制：go Dutch/pay sepatately =have separate checks 成功取决于努力： Our success depends on our effort. 33. each /i:t/ 每一个的 adj. (六上 Unit 5 P 34)原句重现:They all take care of each other. 他们彼此相互照顾。 =All of them care for/look after each other.彼此：each other他们中的每一个：each of them路的两面都有树。 There are trees on each side of the street.=There are trees on both sides of the street学生们每个人都有试卷。 The students each have papers. Each of the students has a paper. 34. east /i:st/ 东面 n. (七下 Unit 3 P18) adj.-eastern原句重现: North West East South in the east of=in the eastern part of to the east of=to the eastern part of on the east of=on the eastern part ofEast or west, home is best.金窝银窝，不如自己的狗窝 。 in 表示在事物范围之内 。上海在中国的东部。 Shanghai is in the east of China. on 表示接壤 。 加拿大在美国的北部。 Canada is on the north of the U.S.A. to 表示不挨着。 广州在北京的南部。 Guangzhou is to the south of Beijing. 35. either /a(r)/ 二者之一 adv./pron. (七下 Unit 5 P34)原句重现:This can mean either “peace” or “victory”.它的意思是“和平”或者“胜利”。 两者中的任何一个：either of 做主语时，谓语动词用单三。 Either of the days is OK. 哪一天都可以。 我也不喜欢 I dont like it , either.(否定句) 或者或者eitheror(连接两个主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则) Either he or I am OK. 他和我都行。36. else /els/ 别的 adj. (七上 Unit 8 P58)原句重现:Anything else?还要别的吗？ 还有谁：who else别的人的：somebody elses A: Whose is this bag? Is it yours? B: No. It must be somebody elses. 别的什么：what else别的人：somebody elsewhat else=what other things 37. encourage /nkrd/ 鼓励 v. 二重 adj.encouraging n. encouragement鼓励某人做某事：encourage sb. to do sth.令人鼓舞的话语：the encouraging words对某人来说是极大的鼓舞： be a great encouragement to sb. Which word has a different sound? A. mountain B. encourage C. doubtWhich word has a different sound? A. chalk B. also C. alwaysWhich stress is different? A. degree B. design C. detailed38. enough /nf/ 足够的 adj. 二重 (六上 Unit 10 P72)原句重现:Thats not enough for them. 那对他们来说是不够的。 足够的时间：enough time/time enough足够大（年龄）：old enough He is too young to go to school. =He is not old enough to go to school. 足够某人做.的： be enough for sb. to do sth. There is not enough space for him to stand on the subway on business hours. 在地铁的高峰时间，站着的空间都不够。 39. example /gz:mpl/ 榜样 n. 二重 (六下 Unit 9 P62)原句重现: For example 例如 为树立榜样：set an example fro向学习：follow ones example =learn from sb.Which word has a different sound? A. either B. breath C. breatheWhich stress is different? A. aloud B. diary C. download 40. excited /ksatd/ 感到兴奋的 v. 二重 (六下 Unit 3 P24) adj. exciting （七上 Unit 3 P23 )原句重现:I was very happy and excited. 我很高兴很兴奋。 How exciting the game is! 比赛多么激动人心呀！ 对感到兴奋：be excited about sth.做很兴奋：be excited to do sth.使某人兴奋：make sb. excited41. expect kspekt 期盼 v. 二重 (六下 Unit 6 P42)原句重现:Karen was expecting a baby. 凯润正怀孕。 预计要做某事：expect to do sth=would like to do sth.=look forward to doing sth.期望某人做某事：expect sb. to do sth. He wants to be an _ in computer. A. except B. expect C. expert Every day is OK _Sunday. A. except B. expect C. expert42. fact /fkt/ 下落，秋天 n. (七上 Unit 2 P12)原句重现: in fact 事实上 in fact=as a matter of fact=actually due to the fact that=because 翻译句子： 他今天迟到是因为错过了早班车。 He came to school late because he didnt catch the early bus.=He came to school late due to the fact that he didnt catch the early bus.接受事实：accept the fact43. famous /fems/ 著名的 adj. (六上 Unit 2 P10) n. fame原句重现:I hope to be a famous artist. 我想要成为一个著名的艺术家。 对于而著名：be famous to作为而著名：be famous as 因为而著名：be famous forfamous=known=well-known44. feel /fi:l/ 感觉到 v. felt-felt (六上 Unit 2 P12)原句重现:I feel nervous at those times. 那时我感到紧张。 感到: feel +adj. 想要做某事：feel like doing sth. =want to do sth=would like to do sth. =look forward to doing sth. 你感觉怎么样？How do you feel?45. fit /ft/ 健康的 adj. -fitter-fitter (九下 Unit 8 P76) v. -fitted-fitted原句重现:I think you will fit in very well. 我认为你一定能相处融洽。 保持健康：stay fit试衣间：fitting room 做某事很得当：be fit for sb. to do sth.46. follow. /fl/ 跟随 v. (七上 Unit 10 P70) adj.-following原句重现: If we follow the rules, well be fine. 如果我们遵守规定，会安全的。 以某人为榜样：follow ones example跟着某人：follow sb.=come after sb. 听从某人的建议：follow ones advice如下：as follows以下的想法：the following idea 47. forget /fget/ 忘记 v. 二重 (六上Unit 9 P64 )- forgot-forgotten原句重现:I never forget to review my lessons. 我从来不忘复习功课。 忘记去做某事：forget to do sth.忘记做过某事：forget doing sth. 在离开之前，别忘了锁门。 A: Dont forget to lock the door before you leave. B:I wont在离开之前，记得锁门。 A: Remember to lock the door before you leave. B: OK, I will. 48. found /fand/ 成立 v. -founded-founded成立于：be founded in =be established in =be set up in The Party was founded in 1921. =The Party was set up in 1921. =The Party was established in 1921.find (找到，发现)：-found-found我发现他那时是个淘小子。 I found that he was a naughty boy. I found him a naughty boy.首字母 “e, f”部的补充单词用法： 不着急：take it easyfallfell-fallenfeelfelt-felt be fond of=like =enjoy a European countryfamily name 姓氏 以为生：feed on(feedfed-fed) flyflewflownflight做某事感到高兴：have fun (i