名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句的用法及练习.doc

第一讲 名词性从句的用法名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词（what where how who however 等）充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。连接词作用whether 是否that (本身无词义)只起连接词作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分who, whom, whosewhich 哪一个what 什么，所的在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语when什么时候，where什么地方how怎样、怎么，why为什么除了起连接词作用外，还在从句中作状语一主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词从句It is a fact that 事实是It is an honor that 非常荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) it is 形容词从句It is natural that 很自然It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) it is 不及物动词从句It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧(4) it 过去分词从句It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已证实3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2) It is said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)(3) It happens, It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)(4) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong)(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如：1) What you said yesterday is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation.二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：I heard that be joined the army.(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：1) She did not know what had happened.2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. It 可以作为形式宾语It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：I admire their winning the match. (right)I admire that they won the match. (wrong)6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)7. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：I dont think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）三表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分名词性从句专项练习35题1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I dont know _.”A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from3. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12. I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I dont doubt _ hell come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18. “Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”“Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.”A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns21. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Thatwhich D. Whatwhich22. We gave him _ help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that 24. Excuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed27. Where do you think _ A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he28. Do you know _ A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ outside A. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_.A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I31. _ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all whatA. if B. that C. whether D. which36. _ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. Ifdo B. Thatdo C. Ifdoes D. Thatdoes37. _ was the idea _ the wife thought of A. Whatthat B. Thatwhat C. Howwhy D. Whyhow38. _ did he tell his wife _ he wished to do A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Wherewhich D. Whichwhere 39. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41. “Do you know _” “His father is a doctor.”A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is 42. Is this _ we met each other two years ago A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that44. We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 45. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. May I borrow the ring You can take _ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that 48. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talk A. who B. whom C. that D. whose1-5.CDCDB6-10.BABCD11-15.ADCCA16-20.DABCA21-25.BBDDA 26-30.BCDCC 31-35.ABCDC 36-40.DABBC 41-45.CCDDD46-50.ACBAA 第二讲 定语从句一. 关系词的分类1 关系代词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词2 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why二、 关系代词的基本用法和注意点1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语who, whom who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.which which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. thatthat 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man (that) I told you about.whosewhose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.We live in a house whose windows face south.2. 关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况当先行词中有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：This is all that I want from the school.当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.(2)用who不用that的情况(2) that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行词为those, he和people时。如：Those does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.who want to go please sign your names here.He who3)whose引导的定语从句注意点whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。 whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting.whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致(4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.四. “介词+which/whom”引导的从句， 介词选用原则1 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I cant find the pen with which I was writing .3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物), who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。Dad is a person who/whom/that I can easily talk to.Is this the play which/that you were talking about just now?4. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for.The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.5. 先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。I didnt like the way that/ in which she talked to me. The way that/ in which he teaches English is interesting.五. 关系副词when, where和why的用法关系副词指代的先行词充当从句的成分when表时间的名词/名词词组时间状语where表地点的名词/名词词组地点状语why表原因的名词原因状语1 when用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.2 Where用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.3.Why用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.4 关系代词as, which引导非限制定语从句时的区别(1)as和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.(2) as多用于下列习惯用语中as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样as has been said before 如上所述as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的一. 单项填空 1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr. Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom 4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which 6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when 7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why 8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which 11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where 12. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where 13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A. which B. that C. when D. where 14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. w