第六节 数词与主谓一致.doc

第六节 数词与主谓一致一数词数词（num.）分为基数词，序数词，分数，小数和概数1. 基数词与序数词(基数词转化成序数词后，在基数词后加-th)基数词序数词基数词序数词onefirstfourteenfourteenthtwotwicefifteenfifteenththreethirdsixteensixteenthfourfourthseventeen seventeenthfivefiftheighteeneighteenthsixsixthnineteennineteenthsevenseventhtwentytwentietheighteighthtwenty-onetwenty-firstnineninththirty把y变ie,加ththirtiethtententhfortyfortietheleveneleventhfiftyfiftiethtwelvetwelftheightyeightieththirteenthirteenthhundredhundredth巧计基数词变序数词：基变序，有规律；一二三，单独记；八去t,九去e, ve要用f替；整十基数变序数，ty变为tie;要是遇到两位数，十位基数个位序。2. 分数分数是由基数词和序数词组成的，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当基数词大于1时，序数词要用复数形式。one fifth three fourths3.小数小数点读作point8.9-eight point nine 0.3- zero point three4.概数（1）概数的表示tens of/ hundreds of/ thousands of/ millions of/ dozens of/ scores of/ a number of/ a quantity of/ a few of/ a little of/ plenty of等。(2)概数的注意事项概数前不能有确切的数字， 可以用many, several, some等修饰tens of/ hundreds of/ thousands of/ millions of/ dozens of/ scores of。只修饰可数名词复数形式的有：tens of/ hundreds of/ thousands of/ millions of/ dozens of/ scores of/ a number of/ a few / a great of只修饰不可数名词的有： a little/ a great deal of既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的有： a quantity of/ quantities of/ a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of5. 关于数的其他表达法(1)年代的表达法为 in+the+“逢十的数词复数”在20世纪90年代- in the 1990s或in the 1990s(2)“在某人几十来岁时”的表达法为in+ones+“逢十的基数词复数”在他50多岁时-in his fifties二. 主谓一致1. 语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式Jane and Mary look alike.2. 意义上的一致，即概念一致原则（1）主语形式为单数，但是意义上却是复数，谓语动词用复数The crowd were running for their lives.(2) 主语形式为复数，但意义上是单数，谓语动词用单数The news was very exciting.3. 就近一致原则主要的连词为or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also和there be句型4. 应注意的几个问题（1）某些集体名词，如：family, team等，做主语时，如果作为一个整体来看待，谓语动词用单数； 如果侧重强调集体里面的每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。His family is big. The whole family are watching TV.这类名词有：class, club, company, crowd, enemy, group, team, crew, government, audience等（2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只能当做复数看待，其谓语必须用复数。（3）单复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。用作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；用作复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：works工厂, Chinese， Japanese, means, species, sheep等。The glass works was set up in 2001.These glass works are near the city.(4)由and 或bothand连接并列主语，谓语通常用复数形式。（5）当主语后面跟有like, with, along with, together with, but, except, besides, as well as, rather than等引导词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按照主语的单复数而定。（6）如果主语由more than one或many a构成，尽管从意义上是复数内容，但其谓语动词任用单数形式。More than one person has visited the park. Many a student has finished the task.（7）一些由两个部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式，如：glasses眼镜，clothes, trousers, shoes, scissors剪刀, chopsticks筷子等，但如果主语是“a kind of, a pair of 等+以上名词”，谓语动词一般用单数形式。My shoes are very dirty. A pair of shoes was on the floor.(8)this kind of book= a book of this kind做主语时，谓语用单数；短语this kind of men, this kind of books作主语时，谓语用单数，但men of this kind, these kinds of men 做主语时，谓语用复数。This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.(9)either/ neither/ none单独做主语或either/neither/none of+名词复数作主语时，谓语一般用单数，有时也可用复数。Neither of us has/have ever been to England.(10) one and a half 后的名词要用复数形式，但是该名词作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.衔接训练一.单项选择1._ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousands of2._ of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English.A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four D. Three fourth3. He asked _ question before I could answer _ one.A. a second, the first B. a second, a first C. the second, first D. second, first4. When she was in _, she got married. She had a good time after that.A. her twentieth B. her twenties C. the twenties D. the twentieth5. Flight 19 from New York to Washington is now arriving at _.A. Gate Two B. the gate two C. the two gate D. second gate6. Two fifths of the population in this area _ farmers. They have much difficulty in the economic transformationA. is B. are C. was D. has been 7. Nobody but the twins _ some interest in the project since 2000.A. shows B. show C. have shown D. has shown8. So far, almost _ of the people in this city _ victims of the great accident. They help each other to get through the hard time.A. four fifths, has become B. four fifths, have become C. four fifths, has become D. four fifth, have become9. Do you know when the American Civil War broke out?-Sorry, I dont know when exactly. I just know it broke out in _.A. the year of 1860s B. early 1860s C. its early 1860s D. the early 1860s10. Is either he or I fit for the job? -Neither he nor you _. I am looking for a better one.A. is B. was C. are D. were11. The whole family _ TV whenever I go to their place. I have no chance to chalk with them.A. are watching B. were watching C. is seeing D. was watching12. The battle was over, and the wounded _ sent to hospital and the dead _ buried.A. was, was B. were, were C. is, is D. are, are 13. A library with five thousands books _ to the nation as a gift. This had an effect on children.A. was offered B. has offered C. were offered D. have offered 14. What about the books? -Books of this kind _ well.A. sell B.sells C. was sold D.is sold15. Bob together with John and Mike _ to the museum in the morning.A. are going B. have gone C. has gone D. were going 16. Every means _ tried to save the poor girl, but in vain.A. have been B. had C. has been D. are 二. 用括号里所给的词的适当形式填空Coffee _ (have) been a part of peoples lives for thousands of years, and today it _ (be) still a favorite drink of millions of people in the world. Coffee _ (be) so popular, but do you know the story of coffee and how it _ (be) discovered?There _ (be) an old story that _ (say) coffee _ (be) discovered in African a long, long time ago. One day, a farmer _ (be) watching his goats, and he saw them eat some small berries from a plant. After they ate the berries, the goats