现在分词和过去分词的用法.doc

现在分词和过去分词的用法一现在分词和过去分词的构成现在分词的构成主动语态被动语态一般式doing being done完成式having donehaving been done过去分词的构成done 二现在分词和过去分词的功用句子成分现在分词过去分词表语This story is very interesting.This film is more exciting than any that I have ever seen.此时现在分词相当于一个形容词或者已经转化成形容词.Never touch an electric wire when it is broken.过去分词除了跟在be动词之后也可以跟其他的一些联系动词连用如get / feel/ seem 等联系动词.get paid / get hurt / seem tired / feel worried 定语a.相当于形容词This is an interesting story.b.与被修饰的名词构成主动关系(动词的现在分词作定语，既表主动又表进行,相当于一个定语从句)a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleepingA little child learning to walk often falls.a.相当于形容词The boy looked up with a pleased expression. b.与被修饰的名词构成被动关系(动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成,相当于一个定语从句)The party held by their friends was a success.c.不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。developed country / fallen leaves / boiled water单个分词做定语一般放在被修饰词之前,分词短语则放在被修饰词之后。补语a.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, 等。I saw the naughty boy hitting the dog.I felt the house shaking.b.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。Im sorry to keep you waiting so long.Dont have the machine running all the time.c. with doing He lay on the bad with his eyes looking at the ceiling.a.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, 等。I heard the song sung in English.He found his hometown greatly changed.b.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. Dont leave those things undone.c. with done The murderer was brought in with his hands tied back.现在分词作宾补足语, 宾语与分词之间存在主动关系; 过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语与分词之间存在被动关系.状语时间Hearing the news ,he couldnt help crying.When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 原因Being sick ,I stayed at home.Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 条件Keeping on your feet , you will only make yourself more tired.Given another hour, I can also work out thisproblem. 伴随He was in his study, reading a book.He stood there silently, moved to tears. 让步Knowing it was not my fault , they made me pay for the damage.Told many times , he made the same mistake again and again.方式I came here , running all the way.The teacher came into the classroom, followed by many students.结果The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it .分词作状语时分词的逻辑主语必须是句子主语，如果句子主语与分词之间存在主动关系就用现在分词，如果他们之间存在被动关系则用过去分词。三现在分词的完成式现在分词完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,常用作状语,表时间和原因。注意现在分词的完成式不能充当定语。Having noted down our names and addresses , the policeman dismissed us.表时间,相当于After the policeman noted down our names and addresses , he dismissed us.I was unable to accept your invitation, having promised to accompany my mother to the concert. 表原因，相当于 Because I had promised to accompany my mother to the concert , I was unable to accept your invitation.Having suffered from heart trouble for many years, Mr. Li has to take medicine wherever he goes .表原因，注意分词结构带有的时间状语 for many years, 时间状语提示分词该采用完成式。四现在分词的的被动式现在分词的一般式和完成式都有被动形式。The house being built is a big project. 现在分词一般式的被动式，用作定语，表 “正在被”Being surrounded , the enemy troops were forced to surrender. 现在分词一般式的被动式，表原因。Did you see the boy being questioned by the police?Having been told many times, he made the same mistake again and again.现在分词完成式的被动，表示让步。五现在分词的否定式现在分词的否定式构成是 “在带ing的那个词前加not ”。如doing - not doing ; being done - not being done ; having been done - not having been done ; having done-not having done 。Not having heard from his girlfriend for a long time , he felt very worried.Not seeing John , I asked where he was.六独立主格结构现在分词的独立主格结构过去分词的独立主格结构表时间The dark clouds having dispersed , the sun shone again.The question settled , we went home.表原因The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting off.All his money stolen , he had to beg.表条件Weather permitting , well have the match tomorrow.I given more time , the problem can be worked out.表方式或伴随He guiding her , they walked through the street.The professor walked into the lab , his assistant following him.He used to sleep , windows opened.He lay on the ground , his hands raised.独立主格结构的构成：逻辑主语doing / done , 因为分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，所以分词前的逻辑主语不能被省略。如果逻辑主语与分词间存在主动关系，就用现在分词；如果存在被动关系就用过去分词。现在分词的完成式也可用于独立主格结构中，His father having died for many years , the boy has to drop study to help his mother support their family.七巩固练习句型转换A. 把下列各句改成分词作结构。1.When it is seen from the hill , the park looks very beautiful. _2. Dont speak until you are spoken to. _3. Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates. _4. As he was surprised at what happened, Tom didnt know what to do. _5. The meeting, which was attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. _6. Do you know the man who is speaking our headmaster? _B. 把下列各句改成从句形式。1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, known as 3M. _2. The disc, digitally recorded in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. _3. The flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. _4. Hunted everywhere, the wolves had no where to hide themselves. _5. United , we stand ; divided , we fall. _6. Although exhausted