实验EIGRP不等价路径负载均衡.docx

实验EIGRP不等价路径负载均衡实验要求 1 实现R1 到23.1.1.0/24 的等价负载均衡。 2 实现R2 和R3 到达 R1 环回口11.1.1.0/24 流量通过两条不等价路由的负载均衡。实验步骤 (1) R1、R2、R3配置EIGRP，关闭自动汇总，同时关闭 CEF特快交换。 R1配置 R1(config)#router eigrp 10 R1(config-router)#network 11.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 R1(config-router)#network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 R1(config-router)#network 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 R1(config-router)#no auto-summary R1(config-router)#exit R1(config)#no ip cef R2配置 R2(config)#router eigrp 10 R2(config-router)#network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 R2(config-router)#network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 R1(config-router)#no auto-summary R2(config-router)#exit R2(config)#no ip cef R3配置 R3(config)#router eigrp 10 R3(config-router)#network 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 R3(config-router)#network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 R1(config-router)#no auto-summary R3(config-router)#exit R3(config)#no ip cef (2) 观察EIGRP等价负载均衡 查看R1的拓扑表和路由表 R1#show ip eigrp topology P 11.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 128256 via Connected, Loopback0 P 12.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Connected, Serial0/0 P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Connected, Serial0/1 R1到达23.1.1.0/24存在2条路由，两条路由的FD都等于2195456，都将写入路由表，实现等价负载均衡P 23.1.1.0/24, 2 successors, FD is 2195456 via 13.1.1.3 (2195456/281600), Serial0/1 via 12.1.1.2 (2195456/281600), Serial0/0 R1#show ip routeR1到目标23.1.1.0/24存在 2条 EIGRP等价路由，可以实现等价负载均衡。 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 23.1.1.0 90/2195456 via 13.1.1.3, 00:00:45, Serial0/1 90/2195456 via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:45, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 11.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 13.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1在 R1 上 ping测试 R2 接口23.1.1.2，在R2 上打开 debug观察路由情况。 R1#ping 23.1.1.2 source 11.1.1.1 ! R2(config)#ip access-list extended 100 R2(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip 11.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 第一个ICMP分组从S0/0接收R2#debug ip packet detail 100 IP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 100 *Mar 1 04:20:33.934: IP: tableid=0, s=11.1.1.1 (Serial0/0), d=23.1.1.2 (Ethernet1/0), routed viaRIB 第二个ICMP分组从E1/0接收*Mar 1 04:20:33.934: IP: s=11.1.1.1 (Serial0/0), d=23.1.1.2, len 100, rcvd 4 *Mar 1 04:20:33.934: ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar 1 04:20:34.010: IP: tableid=0, s=11.1.1.1 (Ethernet1/0), d=23.1.1.2 (Ethernet1/0), routed via RIB *Mar 1 04:20:34.010: IP: s=11.1.1.1 (Ethernet1/0), d=23.1.1.2 (Ethernet1/0), len 100, rcvd 3 *Mar 1 04:20:34.010: ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar 1 04:20:34.042: IP: tableid=0, s=11.1.1.1 (Serial0/0), d=23.1.1.2 (Ethernet1/0), routed via RIB *Mar 1 04:20:34.042: IP: s=11.1.1.1 (Serial0/0), d=23.1.1.2, len 100, rcvd 4 *Mar 1 04:20:34.042: ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar 1 04:20:34.094: IP: tableid=0, s=11.1.1.1 (Ethernet1/0), d=23.1.1.2 (Ethernet1/0), routed via RIB *Mar 1 04:20:34.094: IP: s=11.1.1.1 (Ethernet1/0), d=23.1.1.2 (Ethernet1/0), len 100, rcvd 3 *Mar 1 04:20:34.094: ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar 1 04:20:34.122: IP: tableid=0, s=11.1.1.1 (Serial0/0), d=23.1.1.2 (Ethernet1/0), routed via RIB *Mar 1 04:20:34.122: IP: s=11.1.1.1 (Serial0/0), d=23.1.1.2, len 100, rcvd 4 *Mar 1 04:20:34.122: ICMP type=8, code=0查看 R2 的拓扑表和路由表 R2#show ip eigrp topology R2拓扑表中只有1条到达 11.1.1.0/24的后继路由（via 12.1.1.1），没有可行后继路由，无法利用冗余路径作负载均衡。P 11.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2297856 via 12.1.1.1 (2297856/128256), Serial0/0 P 12.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Connected, Serial0/0 P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2195456 via 23.1.1.3 (2195456/2169856), Ethernet1/0 via 12.1.1.1 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/0 P 23.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 281600 via Connected, Ethernet1/0R2#show ip eigrp topology all-links 最佳路由（后继路由，via 12.1.1.1）的FD=2297856，候选路由（via 23.1.1.3）的 AD=2297856。不满足候选路由AD最佳路由FD的可行条件，候选路由不能成为可行后继路由。所以此条路由不在拓扑表中P 11.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2297856, serno 7 via 12.1.1.1 (2297856/128256), Serial0/0 via 23.1.1.3 (2323456/2297856), Ethernet1/0 P 12.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856, serno 1 via Connected, Serial0/0 P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2195456, serno 13 via 23.1.1.3 (2195456/2169856), Ethernet1/0 via 12.1.1.1 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/0 P 23.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 281600, serno 4 via Connected, Ethernet1/0R2#show ip route 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets R2上只有1条到达R1环回口的路由，直达R1 （via 12.1.1.1），无法实现负载均衡。同样的原因，R3也存在同样情况，请读者自行验证C 23.1.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 11.1.1.0 90/2297856 via 12.1.1.1, 00:05:05, Serial0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 13.1.1.0 90/2195456 via 23.1.1.3, 00:05:05, Ethernet1/0 为了实现 R2到达 R1 环回口的两条路径的不等价负载均衡，必须修改相关变量，使得候选路由满足可行条件。据以上分析，只要满足R3 到达R1 环回口的度量值小于 R2 到达R1 环回口的候选路由的度量值 2297856，就满足可行条件。 I ) 调整 R3 相关链路的度量指标，使候选路由（via 23.1.1.3）成为可行后继路由。 查看 R3 S0/1的度量指标。 R3#show interfaces serial0/1 因为权值K取默认值，所以可以修改的度量指标为带宽BW和延迟 DLY MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 修改 R3 的度量指标 R3(config)#interface serial0/1 R3(config-if)#bandwidth 10000 /10000 Kbit per secondR3(config-if)#delay 200 / 20010usec=2000 usec检查 R3 修改后的度量指标。 R3#show interfaces serial0/1 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 2000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 查看 R2 的拓扑表和路由表 R2#show ip eigrp topology P 11.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 460800 via 23.1.1.3 (460800/435200), Ethernet1/0 / E1/0 已经取代S0/0成为后继路由出口，写进路由表 via 12.1.1.1 (2297856/128256), Serial0/0 /此路由满足可行条件，S0/0转变为可行后继路由出口P 12.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Connected, Serial0/0 P 13.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 332800 via 23.1.1.3 (332800/307200), Ethernet1/0 P 23.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 281600 via Connected, Ethernet1/0 R2#show ip route 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 23.1.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 11.1.1.0 90/460800 via 23.1.1.3, 00:35:46, E1/0 /R2上仍然只有1条到达R1环回口的路由，途经R3（via 23.1.1.3） 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 13.1.1.0 90/332800 via 23.1.1.3, 00:35:56, Ethernet1/0II ) 设置偏差 Variance 负载均衡公式：可行后继度量值后继度量值Variance 根据 R2 的拓扑表：可行后继度量值2297856；后继度量值460800 得 Variance2297856/460800=4.99=5 R2(config)#router eigrp 10 R2(config-router)#variance 5 R2#show ip route 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 23.1.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 R2出现了到达R1环回口的 2条不等价路由，度量值分别为460800和 2297856。 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 11.1.1.0 90/460800 via 23.1.1.3, 00:00:03, Ethernet1/0 90/2297856 via 12.1.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 13.1.1.0 90/332800 via 23.1.1.3, 00:00:03, Ethernet1/0R2(config)#ip access-list extended 110 R2(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip any host 11.1.1.1 R2#debug ip packet detail 110 IP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 110 R2#ping 11.1.1.1 repeat 12 ! Success rate is 100 percent (12/12), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/30/64 ms *Mar 2 01:55:01.733: IP: tableid=0, s=23.1.1.2 (local), d=11.1.1.1 (Ethernet1/0), routed via RIB 前 5个包的出接口是Ethernet1/0，途经R3*Mar 2 01:55:01.737: IP: s=23.1.1.2 (local), d=11.1.1.1 (Ethernet1/0), len 100, sending *Mar 2 01:55:01.737: ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar 2 01:55:01.765: IP: tableid=0, s=23.1.1.2 (local), d=11.1.1.1 (Ethernet1/0), routed via RIB *Mar 2 01:55:01.769: IP: s=23.1.1.2 (local), d=11.1.1.1 (Ethernet1/0), len 100, sending *Mar 2 01:55:01.773: ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar 2 01:55:01.825: IP: tableid=0, s=23.1.1.2 (local), d=11.1.1.1 (Ethernet1/0), routed via RIB *Mar 2 01:55:01.829: IP: s=23.1.1.2 (local), d=11.1.1.1 (Ethernet1/0), len 100, sending*Mar 2 01:55:01.833: ICMP type=8, code=0 *Mar 2 01:55:01.881: IP: tableid=0, s=23.1.1.2 (local), d=11.1.1.1 (