2015中考英语总复习资料.doc

2015中考英语总复习资料.初中英语八种时态归纳一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +d one. 一般疑问句：have或has。六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。. 几种常見时态的相互轉换英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相轉换，以下是几种常見的轉换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的轉换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语連用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用別的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对應的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间連用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间+ since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的轉换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态轉换。请看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、现在进行时与一般将来时的轉换在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语連用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的轉换“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday 短语、词组归纳由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：一、动词+介词1look at看，look like 看上去像，look after 照料 2listen to听 3welcome to欢迎到 4say hello to 向问好5speak to对说话此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。二、动词+副词“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：A动词（vt.）+副词1put on 穿上2take off脱下3write down记下此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放副词的前面。B动词（vi）+副词。1come on赶快2get up起床3go home回家4come in进来5sit down坐下6stand up起立此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。三、其它类动词词组1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games 介词短语聚焦“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。1in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着。2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在排/队/班级/年级”等。3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。5in the tree表示“在树上(非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。6in the wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。7at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。8at + 时刻表示钟点。9like this/that表示方式，意为“像这/那样”。10of短语表示所属关系。11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。12from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从”，后者意为“到”。另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on ones bike等。重点句型大回放 1I think意为“我认为”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I dont think，2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把给”，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb. 3take sb./ sth. to意为“把(送)带到”，后常接地点，也可接人。4One, the other/One isand one is意为“一个是；另一个是”，必须是两者中。5Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Dont let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Lets 与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换. 7What about？/How about？意为“怎么样？”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。8Its time to do/ Its time for sth. 意为“该做的时间了”，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，10ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”，其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”，该句型的用法同前面第2点。12introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”；introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。重点短语快速复习 1.kinds of 各种各样的2. eitheror或者或者，不是就是 3. neithernor既不也不 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因而著名8. on ones way to在途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在的尽头，在的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及时13. make ones way to往（艰难地）走去14. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先，第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室23. at the head of在的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢，抛散26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take ones temperature 给某人体温31. have/get a pain in某处疼痛32. have a headache 头痛33. as soon as 一就 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stopfrom doing sth. 阻止干某事36. fall asleep 入睡37. again and again再三地，反复地38. wake up 醒来，叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 检查41. take exercise运动42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按时45. out of从向外46. all by oneself 独立，单独47. lots of=a lot of 许多48. no longer/more=notany longer/more 不再49. get back 回来，取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光，吃完53. run after 追赶54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物55. take(good) care of=look after(well) （好好）照顾，照料56. think of 考虑到，想起57. keep a diary 坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下59. harder and harder 越来越厉害60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）61. turn off 关重温重点句型 1So + be助动词情牵动词主语前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用到这种倒装结构，表示“另一人（物）也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用“Neither/ Nor + be助动词情态动词+主语”这种倒装结构。注意：“So+主语+be助动词情态动词”这一句型常用于表示赞同，进一步肯定对方的看法，表示“的确如此。”“是呀。” 2Turn rightleft at the firstsecondcrossing. 这一指路的句型意为“在第一二个十字路口向右左拐。”相当于Take the first secondturning on therightleft. 3It takes sbsome time to do sth此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的主语. 4thinkfind + it + adj. + to do sth. 此句型中的it是形式宾语，不可用其它代词替代，形容词作宾语的补足语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的宾语。5Whats wrong with？此句型相当于Whats the matter/ trouble with？后跟某物作宾语时，意为“某物出什么毛病了？”后跟某人作宾语时，意为“某人怎么了？” 6tooto 在sothat复合句中，that后的句子是否定句时，常与简单句tooto（太而不能）进行句型转换。在sothat复合句中，that后的句子是肯定句时，常与简单句enough to进行句型转换. 7Sorry to hear that. 全句应为Im sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过（遗憾）。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。重点句型、词组大盘点 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。用法 used to + 动词原形，表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，含有现在不再如此之意。搭配 used to do的否定式可以是usednt to do或didnt use to do. 比较 used to do sth. 过去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。2.return it sooner or later. 迟早要将它归还。用法 l)sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”。2)return此处用作及物动词，意为“归还”，相当于give back. 拓展return还可用作不及物动词，意为“返回”，相当于go back或come back。3.No matter what the weather is like无论天气 用法no matter what 相当于whatever，其意为“无论什么”，引导状语从句。拓展类似no matter what的表达方式还有：no matter when无论什么时候nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方no matter who无论谁178 live in +大地方/at +小地方居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顾照看180 lose ones way 谁迷路eg : Lose your way 你迷路181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把时间定的早一点184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事eg : I made him write 我以前让他写189 make up be made up of (被动语态）由组成190 makedifferenceto 191 mind sb to do mind ones doing 介意做什么192 most +名most of +代193 much too +形容词194 must be 一定195 need +名词196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事197 need to do (实义动词）need do (情态动词）198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名词200 not anymore = no more 再也不eg: He didnt cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not (形、副）at all eg: Hes not tall at all she doesnt junp far at all 202 notat all 一点都不203 noteither表否定，也不eg : I dont japanse either I dont have sister, either 我也没有姐姐204 notuntil直到才eg: I didnt sleep until my mother came back The child didnt stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水207 on ones way to在谁去那的路上208 on the one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈210 on time 准时in time 及时211 one day some day someday 一天，有一天212 one of +可数名词的复数形式213 one to another 一个到另一个214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼职工作fall-time job 全职工作216 pay for付钱pay the bill 开钱，付钱217 please +do 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing 练习做某事222 prefer sth to sth 相对更喜欢eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做不愿意去做eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做也不愿eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么pretend that 从句eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案224 ratherthan宁可也不eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生，也不当老师He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫225 regardas把当作eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人229 say to oneself 对自己说230 say to sb 对某人说231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样eg : You seem to be tired ou seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物238 sendto把什么寄到哪里去？239 shock 使震惊eg : Oh , Its only you ! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！吓我一跳240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物eg : I show her the book. 241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物eg : I show the book to her. 243 someothers一些另一些 244 startwith从开始beginwith从开始245 stay away from 远离eg : Were told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物If you want to lose weight youd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食246 stop doing 停下正在做的事247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事250 such +名这样，这种251 suit sb 适合某人252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇to ones surprise 令某人惊奇253 take classes 上课254 take sb to 把某人带去eg : I take you to the hospital 255 take walks = take a walk go for a walk 散步256 talk to 对谁说eg : I talk to you talk with 和谁说eg : I talk with him talk of 谈到eg : we talked of you talk about 谈论关于 257 talk with sb 和某人说话258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句tell sb not to do sth tell a story 261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么263 tellfrom 264 thank you for +doing 265 the same +名词(doing)+as 266 the same(名)asas(adj adv)as相同267 the way to do sth the way of doing sth 做某方面的方法the way to +地方去哪的路e g : Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to（地点）到哪的路269 tooto太怎样而不能adj +enough to 足够能sothat +丛句太所以eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he cant go to school He is old enough to go to school He is so old that he can go to school 270 transalte into把什么翻译成什么eg : Trasalte English into chinese 271 travel with sb 和某人去旅游272 try ones best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功He tried climbing 他想爬上去274 try试衣服hav