模块9第2单元语法突破-高考链接-你问我答.doc

模块9第2单元语法突破句子的谓语不等同种类的动词山东 刘永科英语动词的分类1. 按性质分类：实义动词 情态动词 助动词 实义动词包括：A.及物动词 B.不及物动词 C.系动词2. 按时限分类：延续性动词 非延续性动词3. 按语法功能分类：谓语动词 非谓语动词非谓语动词包括：A.不定式 B.动词-ing形式 C.过去分词现在，根据动词分类的不同情况，对“及物动词、不及物动词、系动词、延续性动词、非延续性动词”作一归纳概述，让同学们对此有一个大致的了解和把握。(情态动词、助动词和非谓语动词不在本次讲解之列。)及物动词和不及物动词一、及物动词能直接跟宾语的动词叫及物动词。如：I like English best. (like是及物动词，English是它的宾语)有些动词还可接两个宾语(间接宾语和直接宾语)；有些动词的宾语后还可接宾语补足语。1. 可接间接宾语和直接宾语的动词(1) 可接间接宾语和直接宾语，且能用to置换间接宾语的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, promise, read, write, show, teach, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, return, tell, allow, cause, 如：Let me read you the passage. = Let me read the passage to you.He wrote me a letter. = He wrote a letter to me. (但：He wrote a letter for me. 他替我写了一封信。) (2) 可接间接宾语和直接宾语，且能用for置换间接宾语的动词有：buy, choose, cook, find, get, make, order, paint, play, reach, sing, spare, do, fetch等，如： Tom bought me a bottle of ink. = Tom bought a bottle of ink for me. Can you get me some stamps? = Can you get some stamps for me?2. 可接两个直接宾语的动词可接两个直接宾语的动词有envy, strike, forgive, ask, forget, save, 如：I envy you your fine garden. She refused me my request.3. 可跟动词不定式的动词 4. 可跟动词-ing形式的动词(以上3、4内容已在非谓语动词涉及。略)3. 可接宾语补足语的动词 (1) 可接名词作宾补的动词有：find, think, elect, feel, choose, name, call, make, leave, appoint, consider等, 如： The couple named their bady Henry.Youll find English a bridge to so much knowledge.(2) 可接as +名词作宾补的动词有：accept, recognize, regard, take, treat, use, have, imagine, appoint, choose, elect 等，如：He took my umbrella as his. We use the word as a verb. (3) 可接(to be)+名词（或形容词）作宾补的动词有：believe, take, consider, feel, find, hold, imagine, know, prove, think, choose, appoint, elect等，如：The students chose Peter (to be) their monitor. I believe it (to be) a fact. (4) 可接形容词作宾补的动词有：find, get, keep, leave, think, make, paint, set, turn, see, mark, drive, prove, let, believe, call, cut, break, hammer, boil, open, raise, like, want, hold等，如：Dont get you colthes dirty.Dont make yourself uneasy.(5) 可接不定式作宾补的动词有：(6) 可接动词-ing形式作宾补的动词有：(7) 可接过去分词作宾补的动词有：(以上(5)(6)(7)内容已在非谓语动词涉及。略) 4. 同源宾语有些不及物动词可接一个意义与之相同且前面有一修饰语的名词作宾语，这个宾语叫同源宾语。常见的含同源宾语的句子:He lived a hard life before. Miss White smiled a a little smile.The lady laughed a hearty laugh. Wilma ran a 100-metre race.The soldiers fought a good fight. Liu Hulan died a glorous death.The singer sang an English song. The owner whistled a low whistle.He breathed a deep breath. I slept a sound sleep.He dreamed a strange dream.二、不及物动词不能接宾语的动词叫不及物动词。如：He works in a factory.有些不及物动词与特定的介词构成短语动语，可起到及物动词的作用。如：I was listening to the radio yesterday morning.延续性动词和非延续性动词1. 延续性动词动作可以持续，能与一段时间连用的动词叫做延续性动词。常见的延续性动词有: carry, exist, collect, gather, repair, train, blow, fight, have, lie, live, laugh, hold, run, climb, serve, sit, stand, study, look, listen, talk, weep, read, write, work, smile, speak, walk, stay等。如：He stood there for two hours.2. 非延续性动词动作瞬间完成，不能与一段时间连用的动词叫做非延续性动词。常见的非延续性动词有：arrive, leave, finish, stop, put, die, go, come, jump, bring, catch, open, close, cut, drop, end, enter, fall, give, join, kill, lose, pay, set off, start, begin等。如：He left at seven this morning. 使用非延续性动词应注意：My brother has joined the army for three years. (误) My brother joined the army three years ago. (正) It is three years since my brother joined the army. (正) My brother has been in the army for three years. (正) My brother has been a soldier for three years. (正)系动词系动词主要用来连接主语和表语的。我们所说的“系表结构”实际就是“系动词+表语”，凡是在系动词之后的成分一概都是表语。它主要表示主语的类别，身份，特征，状态，位置，等等。【系动词分类】系动词主要用来连接主语和表语的。be 是典型的系动词，此外，系动词还有如下几种：1. 表示“感官意义”的系动词：look / seem / appear（看起来）, sound（听起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）, feel（感觉到）2. 表示“变化意义”的系动词：get, become, turn, grow, go, come, run, fall3. 表示“保持意义”的系动词：remain, keep, stay4. 表示“其它意义”的系动词：lie, sit, stand, prove 等。【注意事项】1. 所有系动词都没有被动语态，因为只有接宾语的动词才有被动语态。尤其要注意“七个感官系动词”，千万不可使用被动态，后面接的表语一定是形容词，不能是副词。例如：“这块石头摸起来很光滑。”The stone feels very smooth. (正)The stone is felt very smooth. (误)The stone feels very smoothly. (误)2. 所有系动词都可以跟形容词作表语，但seem, appear, prove 等几个词，如果后接以a-开头的表语形容词时，则需要加上to be 后才可以。例如：The baby seemed to be awake. (to be不可省略。)3. turn 之后既可跟形容词，也可跟名词作表语。但如果接名词，这时名词不要带冠词。而且，这个名词表示的意义往往是贬义的。例如：He turned traitor to his country. (不说：a traitor)The boy turned thief at last. (不说: a thief)4. come和go都可以用作系动词。但come 往往与right, natural, alive, apart, loose, true等形容词连用；go往往与mad, deaf, rotten, dry, bad, blind, hungry多含贬义的形容词连用。例如： Her dream finally came true. The solution came right at last. He has gone mad (crazy) at the bad news Milk can easily go sour in hot weather.5. 表示感官意义的系动词，几乎都可以跟like 介词短语，或者跟as if 从句。例如： It looks like rain. The cloth feels like silk. It looks as if it is going to rain. It sounds as if someone is weeping nearby.6. fall 经常跟asleep, ill连用，而run经常跟dry, low, high, short连用。例如： He fell asleep while listening to the music. The gas has run short.模块9第2单元语法高考链接刘永科(本单元语法主要讲解“动词的分类和属性”。由于内容不涉及“情态动词和非谓语动词”，也不涉及“时态、语态和语气”。所以，链接高考题比较难找。)【高考真题】1. Thewater_coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.(2006 全国)A. wasfelt B. isfelt C. felt D. feels 【语法解析】C. feel在句中是系动词，尽管主语和它有被动关系，但系动词没有被动语态。此外，考虑到从句的时态，应选择feel的过去时。【考题预测】This soup _ sour. It has _ bad. (A) A. tastes; gone B. is tasted; come C. tastes; come D. is tasted; gone【高考真题】2. IfanyonehappenstodropinwhileIamout,_ himorherleaveamessage. (2005 福建)A. have B. get C. ask D. tell 【语法解析】A. 本题考查动词的句型用法。这四个动词中，哪一个动词可以跟不带to的动词不定式做宾补？只有have可以，其他三个都要带to.【考题预测】We stopped halfway; no one could _ the car going. (B) A. make B. cause C. get D. start【高考真题】3. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale. (2004 湖北) A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared【语法解析】C. 这四个都是系动词，但是go 表示“变得”，往往指突发性和向坏的方面转变；get 虽是系动词，但具有“渐变”过程。【考题预测】My grandma _ asleep while she was watching a series on TV. (D) A. became B. turned C. felt D. fell【高考真题】4. How are the team playing? They are playing well, but one of them _ hurt. (2002 上海) A. got B. gets C. are D. were【语法解析】A. 本题考查“系动词get +过去分词”构成的被动语态。主语one表示单数，排除C, D两个答案，“受伤”这个动作显然发生在过去，故选择got.【考题预测】You will _ lost in the woods if you dont follow the guide closely. (D) A. turn B. change C. grow D. get【考考你】1. look, taste, smell, sound, feel(1) This soup _ too hot, and Ill drink it later.(2) Her voice _ very beautiful and just like music.(3) This cloth _ quite soft.(4) This kind of paint _ terrible.(5) It is cloudy; it _ like rain.2. feel, fall(1) The man _ very sleepy and _ asleep soon after he went to bed.(2) Tom _ ill yesterday and we all _ very sorry for him.3. go, come, run(1) Her dream of visiting China finally _ true.(2) The fans _ mad when they saw the famous pop star.(3) Most of the rivers have _ dry this summer.4. good, well(1) The milk tastes _.(2) The car runs _.(3) This dress fits _ and looks _, too.答案：1. (1)tastes (2)sounds (3)feels (4)smells (5)looks 2. (1)felt, fell (2)fell, felt 3. (1)came (2)went (3)run 4. (1)good (2)well (3)well, good模块9第2单元你问我答 (1)刘永科【问】在 Unit 2中有这样一个句子：The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids. (P 12) 请问，voyage 和journey, trip, tour, travel, expedition这几个词有何区别？【答】这几个词都含“旅行”的意思。journey应用范围很广, 指“有特定地点的陆上、水上或空中的单程旅行”。它着重指“长途旅行”，有时强调“旅途、旅程”。如:He decided to make a journey to New York by air. 他决定乘飞机去纽约。How long is the journey to the coast? 到海滨去旅行的路(旅程)有多远？I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快！trip为一般用语, 指“任何方式的, 从事业务或游览的旅行”, 往往着重于“有目的旅行”。在口语中, 可与journey 互换, 如:He went to Shanghai on a business trip yesterday. 昨天，他到上海出差去了。They planned to make a wedding trip to Paris. 他们计划去巴黎旅行结婚。tour指“以游览、视察、购物等为目的的旅行”, 常含有“最后回到原出发点”的意思, 如:He is going to make a tour of the world. 他要周游全球。We went on a tour of London yesterday. 我们昨天游览了伦敦。travel既是可数名词，也是不可数名词，泛指“旅行、游历”这一总的概念。表示“游记”或具体的旅行，常用复数。travel尤指到国外作长时间的旅行。如：She is very fond of travel. 她非常喜欢旅行。He met many interesting people in his travels. 在旅行中他遇到了许多饶有趣味的人。Have you read the Travels of Marco Polo? 你是否读过马可波罗游记？expedition指“有特定目的之远征或探险”：organized journey or voyage with a particular aim(课本生词表注释)，如: Theyre going to make an expedition to the South Pole. 他们要去南极探险。James Cook was a great English navigator and Pacific Ocean expedition leader. (本单元P 16)voyage主要指“乘船作水上旅行”，也可指“空中旅行”。如:He got seasick during the voyage. 在航行中他晕船。They planned to make a voyage across the Pacific Ocean. 他们计划做穿越太平洋的旅行。【考考你】用journey, trip, tour, travel, expedition填空：1. He made a _ to the Great Wall yesterday.2. They are going to make a _ around the famous city.3. Sir Ernest Shackleton and his men made an _ to the South Pole.4. She got seasick during the_.5. Mary met many interesting people in her _.(1. trip/journey 2. tour 3. expedition 4. voyage 5. travels)模块9第2单元你问我答 (2)刘永科【问】在Our outward voyage in the “Bounty” to Tahiti had been filled with the kind of incidents that I thought would be my stories when I returned home. (P 17) 这个句子中，incident是什么含义？它跟accident, event在意思上有何差别？【答】incident作名词讲，意为“事情，事件”，如句1、2；表示“事变”，如句3。固定词组without incident意思是“平安无事”。词义辨析 incident, accident, event 这几个词都有“事件”的意思。incident 着重指“一般的事情和事件”，如：an ordinary incident 一件普通小事。但incident可以指“事变”，如：the Xian Incident 西安事变accident 着重指“意外或偶然发生的事故，往往带有不幸和损害性的事件”。如：There have been fewer traffic accidents lately. 近来交通事故少了。event着重指“大事件”或者“体育比赛项目”。例如：The cloning of Doly the sheep was a scientific event of 1996. 多莉羊的克隆是1996年科技界的大事。There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. (2006北京)【考考你】用incident, accident, event 填空：1. She was injured badly in the _.2. The new book was the cultural _ of the year.3. I met Johnson by _ in the cinema.4. The next _ will be the 100-metre race.5. The kidnapping caused an international _.(1. accident 2. event 3. accident 4. event 5. incident)模块9第2单元你问我答 (3)刘永科【问】在Once we were at sea, our routine ever