英国概况练习题.doc

英国概况试题 (1)I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices: 1. The highest mountain in Britain is _B_. A. Scafell B. Ben Nevis C. the Cotswolds D. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _. A. the Clyde B. the Mersey C. the Severn D. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _. A. the Lough Neage B.Windermere Water C. Coniston Water D.the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting? A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _. A. Europe B. the United States C. Africa D. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _. A. the Normans B. the Celts C. the Iberians D. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _. A. Roman invasion B. the Norman Conquest C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _ actually became the overlord of all the English. A. John B. James I C. Egbert D. Henry I9. Christmas Day _, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey. A. 1056 B. 1066 C. 1006 D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _ dynasty. A. Windsor B. Tudor C. Malcolm D. Plantagenet11. In 1265 _ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament. A. Henry III B. the Pope C. Barons D. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years war started in _ and ended in _, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of _. A. 1337, 1453, Flanders B. 1337, 1453, Calais C. 1346, 1453, Argencourt D. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king _ was replaced by king _. A. 30, Richard III, Henry Tudor B. 50, Richard III, Henry Tudor C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in _ in the early _ century. A. England, 14 B. England, 15 C. Italy, 14 D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _. A. the Glorious Revolution B. the Bloody Revolution C. the Catholic Revolution D. the Puritan Revolution16. In _, a small group of Puritans sailed from _ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers of America. A. 1620, London B. 1620, Plymouth C. 1720, London D. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared _ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines. A. the Industrial Revolution B. the Bourgeois Revolution C. the Wars of the Roses D. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _ in 1583. A. Canada B. Australia C. India D. Newfoundland19. _ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American: A. Edward VIII B. Edward VII C. George VI D. George VII20. In January _ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community. A. 1957 B. 1967 C. 1973 D. 1979英美概况 试题 (2) 21. Soon after _, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership. A. 1900 B. the First World War C. the Second World War D. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintainedthe lowest _ rate and the highest _ rate. A. inflation, growth B. growth, inflation C. growth, divorce D. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _.A. the exhaustion of old mines B. costly extractionC. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britains foreign trade is mainly with _. A. developing countries B. other Commonwealth countries C. other developed countries D. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _.A. the Lord Chancellor B. the QueenC. the Archbishop of Canterbury D. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _ years and there are_ members of Parliaments are elected. A. five, 600 B. five, 650 C. five, 651 D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _ and he or she alwayssits in _.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _. A. the Queen B. the CabinetC. the House of Lords D. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _ passes sentenced and _decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the jury B. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the jury D. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. _ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery. A. Magistrates courts B. Youth courts C. district courts D. The Crown Court32. Londons Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of_. A. the England secretaries B. the Scottish Secretaries C. Northern Ireland Secretaries D. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _and based at first on _. A. 1948, Acts of Parliament B. 1958, Acts of Parliament C. 1948, the Bill of Rights D. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include thefollowing except _. A. war pension B. child benefitC. family credit D. unemployment benefit35. Except that _ may not be a Roman Catholic, public officesare open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none. A. the lord Chancellor B. the Prime Minister C. the Speaker D. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population inthe UK attend _.A. independent schools B. junior schoolsC. independent schools D. primary schools37. There are some _ universities, including the Open University. A. 900 B. 290 C. 90 D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _ by law.A. receive completely free education B. receive partly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all答 案answers : I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices. 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25.A 26. C 27. C 28.D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A 英美概况 试题 (3) II. Fill in the blanks:1. Geographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are highlands_, while the east and south-east are mostly_lowlands_.2. Welsh is located in the _west_ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English _ Anglo-Saxons _, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the _ Celts _.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes _, _, and _ invaded Britain. Among them, the _ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the _ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in Williams time is known as _, which was compiled in _.8. _s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucers time after he was murdered.9. _ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced Englands population from four million to _ million by the end of the 14th century.10.One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of _ farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in _.12.During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported _, while the Roundheads supported _.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a _, later, he became _.14. In 1707, the Act of _ united England and _.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _ and _. The former were the forerunners of the _ Party, the latter were of the _ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _ produced a very efficient _ that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “_” of the world.18. During the Second World War _ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. In 1974 and 1977, the two _ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _.21. _ has Europes largest collection of foreign owned chip factories.22. New industries in Britain include_, _ and other high-tech industries.23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official _, with its own leader and “_ cabinet”.24. The Prime Minister is appointed by _, and his/her official residence is _.25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _ and _.26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the _ of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt.27. The jury usually consists of _ persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and _ persons in Scotland.28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _.29. In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to _, national insurance and _.30. The two established churches in Britain are _ and _.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of _ in Northen Ireland) and _.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _, which was replaced by _.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _ and _.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _ and _ which date from the _ and _ centuries.答案answers：1. highlands, lowlands 2. west 3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts 4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles 5. Hastings 6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 1086 8. Thomas Becket 9. Black Death, two10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill 19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology 23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, district councils 26. innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service, social security30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32. eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education 34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 英国概况 试题 (4) Explain the following terms.1. William the ConquerorWilliam was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christams Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.2. the Hundred Years WarIt referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.3. the Wars of RosesThey referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the kings power became supreme. Thdor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.4. Whigs and ToriesIt referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Noncomformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and became the Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.5. Queen Elizabeth IIThe present Sovereign, born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.英国概况 试题 (5)Please answer the questions.(前三题请自己思考)1. Please introduce cohabitation of Britain and put forward your opinion on it.2. How would you account for the fact that far fewer women than men are in top positions or have highly paid jobs?3. What are the causes of crimes in Britain today? How do you understand the causes of juvenile crime? 4. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter? The Great Charter, or the Magna Carta, was document signed in 1215 between the barons and king John. It had altogether 63 clauses, of which the most important contents were these: (1) no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his property except by the law of the land; (3) the church should possess all its rights and privileges; (4) London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges; (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country.The Great Charter was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, but it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties. 5. How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed? The Industrial Revolution began with the textile industry. Its characterized by a series of inventions and improvements of machines, such as John Rays flying shuttle, James Hargreaves spinning Jenny, Richard Arkwrights waterframe and Samuel Croptons mule. The Scottish inventor James Watt produced a very efficient steam engine in 1765, which could be applied to textile and other machinery. The most important element in speeding industrialization was the breakthrough in smelting iron with coke instead of charcoal in 1709. Similar developments occurred in the forging side of the iron industry which enabled iron to replace wool and stone in many sectors of the economy. Improved transporation ran parallel with production.As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by 1830 the “workshop of the world”; no other country could compete with her in industrial production. 6. How did the Labour Party come into being? As the new working class became established in the industrial towns in the late 18th century, they became aware of the power which they could possess if they acted together instead of separately. So various working class organizations were formed which brought about the formation of the Labour Party.The Labour Party had its origins in the Independent Labour Party, which was formed in January, 1893 and Led by Keir Hardie, a Scottish miner. The foundation of an effective party for labour depended on the trade unions. In 1900, representatives of trade unions, the ILP, and a number of small