英语代词专项复习.docVIP

代词代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。课标考点详解1， 人称代词：用来只带人或者事物的名称的词（1） 人称代词的分类：有主格和宾格之分主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格 (2)人称代词的用法：主格人称代词在句中作主语。She is as intelligent as he (is). 她像他一样聪明。We all like English very much.我们都很喜欢英语。I like music.我我喜欢音乐。 宾格人称代词在句中作动词的宾语或介词的宾语。We often go to see her on Saturdays. 我们常在星期六去看她。人称代词作表语时一般用宾格，但在比较正式的场合用主格。-Who is it?谁呀? -Its me.:是我。(非正式)-!t is I.是我。(正式)友情提示如果有几个不同的人称代词同时作主语，且用 and，or连接时，习惯顺序是单数:(2，3，1)第二人称、第三人称、第一人称。即: you， he(she) and I。复数:(1，2，3)第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。I即: we， you and they。-如果做错了事，需要承担责任时，通常把第一人称放在最前面。- Who broke the window?谁打破了窗子? 一I and Tom.我和汤姆。即景活用： -Miss Lin teaches _English this term. -You are lucky ._is a very good teacher. A.our She B.us; He C.us,She D. ours; He(2008.北京)Im going skating. Would you like to go with _?A.me B. I C. my D. mine2，物主代词:表示物体所属的词，有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性my yourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性（1） 形容词性的:物主代词具有形容词的特征，在句中作定语，后面接名词。Our school is not far from here. 我们的学校肉这儿不远。My father and mother are teachers. They like their work. （2)名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中可以作主语，表语或宾语。 This is not my pen. Mine is red. 这不是我的钢笔。我的是红色的。I have lost my dictionary. Please lend me yours. 我的词典丢了。请把你的借我用一下。友情提示of+名词性物主代词属双重所有格的一种形式，应特别注意它的用法。a friend of mine我的一个朋友 a neighbour of theirs他们的一个邻居 a pen of hers她的一支钢笔 即景活用(2009河北中考 ) Is there any difference between your idea and_ ? A. he B. his C. she D. her (2009.杭州中考)-Do you know Alice?一Yes. I know_very well. A. she B. her C. herself D. hers 3.反身代词 反身代词是表示动作回到执行者本身或是强调代词或名词的一种代词。人称1单2单3单1复2复3复反身代词友情提示第一、二人称的反身代词由形容词性物主代词加-self构成或selves构成，第三人称的反身代词由人称代词宾格)加-self或-selves构成。 反身代词的用法:（1)作及物动词或介词的宾语 Did they enjoy themselves last Sunday? 他们上个星期天玩得高兴吗？We should take care of ourselves我们应该照顾自已 (2)作主语或宾语的同位语 在作同位语时反身代词多可译为本人(或本身“但有时为了加强语气，常译为自已!或亲自。超强调作用时，反身代词可以放在被强调词之后，也可以放在句末。Nobody taught him drawing. He learned it by himself. 没有人教他绘闹。他;142白予的。Youd better ask the teacher yourself (himself). 你最好亲自问老师。(你最好问老师本人.)Our guide buys some food from the villagers and we cook it ourselves.我们的向导从村民那里买来一些食物，我们自已烹调。思维拓展反身代词固定结构:teach oneself English 自学英语= learn English by oneself say to oneself自言自说 enjoy oneself:过得愉快 help oneself to. .随便吃些.吧 look after oneself 自己照顾自己hurt oneself dress oneself即景活用(2009.长沙中考)-Help _to some fish， my boy. -Thanks. A. you B. yours C. yourself D yourselves4.指示代词 英语中常见的指示代词有this， that， these， those， such，same等。 (1)this(复数形式是these)，是指时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。that(复数形式是those)，是指在时间或空间上离说前人较远的人或物。This is Mr Smith and that is Mr Black. 这位是史密斯先住，那位是布莱克先生。These are jeeps. Those are trucks. 这些是吉普车。那些是载重卡车。(2 that/those有时用来代替前面说过的名词，以避免重复。 The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that (= the weather) in Beijing. 上海的天气没有北京那么冷。 City people stand closer than those who live in the country.城里人比那均住在乡村的人彼此站得更靠近友情提示(1)在电话用语中，that相当于你，用于询问对方的身份; this相当于我，常用于自我介绍。一Is that Mary speaking?你是玛丽吗?-Yes. Whos that?是的。你是谁呀? -This is Ann.我是:纭。 (2)在疑问句中，如果句子的主语是this，that， these 或those ，回答时用It代替this， that;用 they代替 these， those。 一Is that your chair?-Yes，it is. 一What are these?这些是什么?一They are oranges特别注意： Is this your sister?回答时用：Yes， it is .不要用Yes，he is .思维拓展(1)指示代词such表示如此的，如此的事物，具有名词和形容词的性质，在句子中可用作主语，表语、宾语等。 Such is our study plan.这就是我们的学习计划。 I dont like such a book.我不喜欢这样的书。 注意:such作定语时，它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词，则这个不定冠词应放在such之后。如: such a man， such a play. (2)same(同样的)也是指示代词，使用时 same之前必须用定冠词the.它也具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。The same happened to me. 我也发生了同样的情况。Thank you all the same.还是要谢谢你。 即景活用(2009.山西中考)-Look! Whats_ in the sky?一It looks like a kite.A.this B. that C. those The pears in my basket are smaller than_in Jims.A. it B. that C. ones D. those 5.不定代词 不定代词主要有all， each， every， both， either， neither，none; little， few， many， much， other， another， some. 还有由some，any，no和every构成的合成代词。不定代词在句中可以作主语，宾语，表语，定语，同位语等。(l) some与anysome 与any是表示不定数量的代词，意为“一些” some多用于肯定句，any多用于-疑问句、否定句或条件从句中。但有些疑问句表请求，建议等，这时多用some而不用any. 在肯定句中，any 还可用来修饰可数名词的单数，表示“任何一个”或“随便哪一个”。 There are some eggs in the basket. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗?If you find any new words in it， mark them out.如果发现里面有生词就把它们标出来。Would you like some tea?您想要点茶吗?You can buy it in any shop. 这东西你在哪个商店都能买得到。(2)both，either neither both either neither 三个词都只限于两者之间。Both表示“两者都.”,是对两者的肯定；neither表示“两者都不”是对两者的否定。Both和neither是一对反义词，在进行肯定与否定的句型转换变化时，只要改变这两个词就行了。Either表示“两者之一”neither 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。Both of them are workers.Neither of the answers is correct. (3) little， few， a little, a few, many， much （little和few用法口诀：3可6不可，否定去掉a）Little ，few没多少,很少 （否定）Much, many 很多，许多A little ,a few 有上些，有几个（肯定）这三组分别前者修饰不可数名词，后者修饰可数名词。There are a few students in the classroom. I know little about it. Few (of us ) have ever been to Tibet. （4）none，no，all None 与all是反义词，“没有人，没有什么东西”， None作主语时谓语单复都可No 表示“没有” 相当于not any,not a/an. all表全体;所有，可以指代和修饰可数或不数名词。.None of us have (has) seen the film.我们当中没有人看过这部电影。There are no dictionaries on the bookshelves. All of the work is done.所有的工作都做了。 All of us like her找们都喜欢她。 5)each与every Each既可作代词，又可作形容词，着重于个别情况; every只作形容词，着重于全体情况，表示其中没有一个例外。它们作主语时，谓语用单数形式。Each (student) has a book. 每个人(每个)学生都有一本书。Every student has a book. 每个学生(全体学生)都有一本书。 (6) one， other， others， another One用来代替前面提到的一个东西或人，以避免重复，可以有复数ones，也可以泛指一个人。other用作代词，前加the，表两者中的另一个，one.the other.一个.另一个(只限两者)。 others是other的复数，表另一些，如 some. others. .一些另一些，特指时要加the.another表与某一个不同的另一个(又一个)，用来代替或修饰可数的单数名词，前面不再加冠词。-Do you have a watch? - No，1 dont have one. I have two brothers， one is a teacher， the other is a doctor.There are many students in the classroom. Some are cleaning the windows， others are sweeping the floor. I dont like this green pen. Please give me another. (7)anyone与any one都表示任何人. anyone作代词，只能指人，意思是任何人，有人，等于anybody，不能与of短语连用。Any one是一个词组，既可以指人，也指物，意思是 任何一个人或任何一个物，强调只限一个，可以和of短语连用，表示多数当中的任何一个。Is there anyone at home?John is more diligent than anyone else in his class. You may choose any one of these. 你可以从这些当中选择任何一个。You can tell any one of us. 你可以告诉我们中的任何一个人。(8) everyone与every one Everyone用作不定代词意思是每个人、人人，表示整体意义，且只用来指人，等于everybody，不能和of短语连用，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。Everyone is here.大家都在这儿。 Everyone likes to be free.人人都喜欢自由。 Every one单独使用时指人，意思是每个人、人人，等于everyone，和of短语连用时既可指人也可指物，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。Every one put on his hat.Our teacher has checked every one of the computers before class .everyone后不能与 of构成短语，但 everyone后 可以接1n十集体名词短语。作主语时谓语动词依然用单.数形式。Everyone in our class likes playing football. 思维拓展(1) neither还可作副词，表示也不之意，放在句首时表前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或另一事，句子结构为Neither+ be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语。I am not a teacher， neither is he. My father cant swim， neither can1. (2)不定代词 all， both， every等与not连用构成部分否定;若要表示完全否定，则要换用 none， neither， no one等。试比较: All of the students bave read it. 所有学生都读过它。Not all of the students bave read it. 并不是所有的学生都读过它。(3)复合不定代词的含义及用法:不定代词做主语时谓语用单数形式由some， every， no， any分别与one， thing和body组合得到以下不定代词Someone, something ,somebody ; Anyone, anything, anybody; everyone ， everything everybody ; no one , nothing, nobody 一般说来，由some构成的不定代词往往用于肯定句中;而由any构成的不定代词往往用于否定或疑问句I heard someone singing when 1 was at work last night. It seems that they have lost something in the trainIs there anyone at horne? 注意:由some构成的不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中，用来表明特殊用意。Would you like something to drink? 你想要一些喝的东西吗?(委婉的询问语气)Why not ask someone else to help you? 为什么不让别人来帮助你呢?(建议不确定的某人)由every构成的不定代词大多具有复数的含义，但并不能将其用作复数。因为此类词更强调个体，使用时应以单数对待。Everything is ready and we may start. 由no构成的不定代词表示的是一种否定含义，作主语时谓语动词多用单数形式。There is nothing wrong with your computer. Nobody knows him in this city. 指点迷津：()当主句中的主话是指人的复合不定代词everybody，nobody，anyone ，其反意疑问句的主语通常用they,当主句中的主语是指物的组合不定代词everything， anything， something， nothing等时，其反意疑问句的主语常用代词it. Everybody is here， arent they? Everything is ready，isnt it? (2)、形容词修饰复合不定代词 everything，something，everyone等时，.形容词必须放在复合不定代词后面。Xiaoming， I have something important to tell you. We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else?即景活用(2009太原中考 ) I know about the news. 。You can ask Peter. He can tell you the news. A. everything B. nothing C. anything (2009淄博中考稩-Where would you like to go，Jinan or Qufu?一_. I only want to go to Qingdao.A. Neither B. Either C. Each D. All 南通中考) In my class some students love music，_arc fond of drawing and enjoy reading. A. some; the other B. others; the other C. others; the others D. some; others (2008重庆)-When shall we go to the museum， this afternoon Or tomorrow morning? 一_is OK. Im free these days.A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither (2008.武汉)-Are you_ from America? -No， none of us.A. both B. all C. any D. either (2009苏州中考) Make sure youve got the tickets and guidebooks and _before you leave. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing ( 2009 哈尔滨中考)How can 1 make friends in a new school?一Say hello to_ to you today， and you can have a friend tomorrow A. new someone B. someone new C. new anyone 6.疑问代词 疑问代词有who， whom. whose， which， what，它们用来构成特殊疑问句，位于句首。(1) who， whom都表示“谁”做主语时用who，作宾语时用 whom，Who在:特殊疑问句中可以代whom, 当疑问词作介词宾语，且介词又放于句首时，只能用whom。whose.通常不能单独使用，常在前名词前作定语。Whose shoes are these? Who is standing there? Who (Whom) arc you waiting for? With whom did you talk just now? (2)which，what在:特殊疑问句中作定语时，后面必须紧跟一个名词（有限的范围用which，范围不限用what）Which class are you in?What map is this? 思维拓展(I )who， what， which作表语指人时的区别：who问人的身份，多指姓名，关系； what问人的职业； which问一定范围内