6.Types of translation.doc

6. Criteria for Translation and Types of TranslationShe liked to be with him better than with others.1) 她喜欢和他在一起，并不那样喜欢与别人在一起。2) 她觉得跟他比跟别人在一起更开心。3）她觉得跟他在一起最开心。There was nothing mass produced about the school, but if it was individualistic, it also had discipline.A. 这所学校并不是批量生产的。但如果说这所学校强调个性，可是它也注意纪律。B. 这所学校并不是大量出人才的，但如果说这所学校强调个性，可是它也注意纪律。But the Second Front exists, and is the main preoccupation already of the enemy.A. 但是第二战场是存在的，它已是集中力量对敌人的主要任务。B. 但是第二战场是存在的，它已成为敌人的心头大事。翻译标准就是指翻译实践时译者所遵循的原则，也是翻译批评家批评译文时必须遵循的原则。翻译的标准作为翻译的原则和要求，对翻译活动起着指导性作用，是翻译活动必须遵循的准绳，是衡量译文质量的尺度，也是翻译工作者要努力达到的目标。翻译的标准一向被认为是翻译理论的核心问题。几乎自有翻译活动起，就有对翻译标准的阐述。古今中外的翻译家都曾对此做了大量的研究和探索，我国译界最具代表性的说法有：1898年严复在天演论“译例言”中提出的“信、达、雅”标准；1951年傅雷在高老头重译本序言提出的“神似”说“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似”；1964年钱钟书在林纾的翻译一文中提出“化境”说。在国外译界有代表性的说法有，两百年前英国的泰特勒曾提出翻译的三项原则：其一是“应把原作的意思全部转移到译文上来”，其二是“译文必须具备原作的风格和文体”，其三是“译文应当与原作同样地流畅自如。此外还有等值标准和等效标准。What kind of translation is a good one in your opinion?1. Alexander Fraser Tytler (18th century)1) A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.2）The style and manner of the writing should be of the same character as that of the original.严复：“译事三难，信达雅。求其信，已大难矣！”2. Yan Fu advocated three words for translation criteria:1) faithfulnessthe full and complete conveying or transmission of the original content or thought.2) expressivenessthe version must be clear without any grammatical mistakes or confused sense.3) elegancethe use of classical Chinese3. nowadays:1) Faithfulness 2) smoothness Liberty, Love!These two I need.For my love I will sacrifice life,For liberty I will sacrifice my love.- Petfi SndorTypes of Translation1.literal translation word for word translationLiteral translation refers to translate a sentence originally, keep the original message form, including construction of sentence, meaning of the original words, metaphor of the original and so on. Translation would be fluent and easy to comprehend by target language readers.直译指翻译时要尽量保持原作的语言形式，包括用词、句子结构、比喻手段等，同时要求语言流畅易懂。2. free translation does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the originalFree translation does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original to keep the translation fluent and natural. 意译则从意义出发，只要求将原文大意表达出来，不注意细节，译文自然流畅即可。Cast pearls before swine.as timid as a hare talk horseAs cold as ice Burn the midnight oil Strike while the iron is hot Break the record Armed to the teeth Sour grapes Blood is thicker than water.Tower of ivory Tall trees catch much wind.Virtue is fairer far than beauty.Against the grain As thin as rake A bed of rosesTo handle without glovesA little pot is soon hot.Love me, love my dog.青一块紫一块Black and blue贫富Rich and poor田径Track and fieldDont lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen.L. 不要等马被盗了以后，才去锁厩门。F. 不要贼走关门。Teach fish to swim What is done by night appears by day.L: 夜晚做的事白天就看见了。F: 要想人不知，除非己莫为。It was an old and ragged moon.这是一个又老又破的月亮。这是一弯下弦残月。Blue print 蓝图Cowboy 牛仔Golden age黄金时代Soap opera肥皂剧As poor as a church mouse 穷的像个叫花子Drink like a fish 牛饮Make hay while the sun shines.趁热打铁Hold a wolf by the ears.骑虎难下The invention of printing was a milestone in human progress.印刷术的发明是人类进步的一个里程碑。But no one forces you to go to sea. It gets in your blood.你心甘情愿吗。After so much bad blood between us, how generous can I expect him to be?仇恨这么大The burning questions of my childhood had been richly answered.从小梦寐以求得到答案的问题，终于得到了圆满的回答。直译偏重对于原文的忠实，意译偏重译文语气的顺畅。哪一种是最妥当的译法，人们争执得很厉害。 朱光潜：谈翻译，1946死译和胡译不同，呆译和曲译不同，这是可以划分的，它们都是错误的翻译。 林汉达，1953 直译不是“字字对应”的死译或硬译，直译可以保留源语言的文化，有助于引进源语言新鲜的词语和表达方法，丰富译入语的语言。如汉语的“蜜月，连锁反应，洗礼、代沟、草根阶层。”英语中的：“paper tiger, tofu, lose face”。意译也不是“望文生义”的胡译，当原文的思想内容与目的语的表达方式有矛盾时，就采用意译，以避免影响译文的理解。Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。She played the role of Mercury between the two lovers.水星The messenger god is generally described as wearing the clothes of a sheepherd. He has winged sandals and sometimes a winged hat. He generally carries the caduceus which is a