2006年中国政法大学考博英语试题.docVIP

2006年中国政法大学考博英语试题Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15 points) Part II Cloze (10 points) Part III Reading Comprehension (20 points) Part IV Short Answer Questions (10 points) Part V Translation (30 points) Part VI Writing (15 points) 考试注意事项 一、 本考试的试卷一律在考场当场启封。 二、 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号分别填写在答题卡上和试卷二的答题纸密封线内。 三、 试卷上 Part I, Part II, 和 Part III 的答案一律用铅笔填涂在答题卡(Answer Sheet)上，并在相应的字母中间划线，如A B C D。试卷二上Part IV , Part V 和Part VI 的答案一律用钢笔或圆珠笔写在试卷二的答题纸上。凡写在试题册上的答案无效。 四、 本试卷全部考试时间为180分钟。 五、 考生须等监考人员将全部试卷及答题卡和试卷二答题纸收点无误并宣布本考试结束后，方可离开考场。 试卷一 TEST PAPER ONE Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15 points) Section A (10 points) Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Each sentence has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words and phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined parts. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets. 1. Maxwell, 36, a former Mirror Group executive, was also in court this month, charged with conspiracy to defraud. A. discarding B. maiming C. cheating D. repealing 2. In 1929 Parliament decreed that all women should have the right to vote. A. predicted B. ordered C. decided D. resolved 3. The signals you put across at the job interview can flag your future ambitions. A. decline B. prolong C. frown D. linger 4. He worked as a man obsessed, oblivious to family and friends, shunning holidays, forgetting anniversaries. A. nervous about B. furious about C. irritated by D. unaware of 5. Once you become famous your private life comes under public scrutiny. A. pressure B. counterattack C. examination D. revision 6. Trade will reduce welfare when transport costs are sufficiently close to prohibitive and increase it when they are sufficiently low. A. momentary B. forbidden C. strange D. tolerable 7. Does his confession obligate his wife to be reconciled to him? A. require B. determine C. force D. encourage 8. The burglar was arrested, but the person who helped him in the crime got away. A. his associate B. his affiliate C. his accomplice D. his employer 9. Dr. Thompson gave an exposition of the theory and practice of socialism. A. accounted for B. expounded C. looked into D. covered up 10. All their efforts to solve the problem proved futile. A. useless B. undesirable C. unnecessary D. worthless Section B (5 points) Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets. 11. Eve had to pay $ 5.00 because she wrote a bad check. She _ her mon¬ey before she wrote a check. A. must have deposited B. might have deposited C. can have deposited D. should have deposited 12. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message _. A. having been delivered B. to be delivered C. being delivered D. to deliver 13. Its true that the suggestion they made will save a large amount of money. We wont adopt it, _, because it will probably lead to disastrous consequences. A. somehow B. otherwise C. therefore D. though 14. The expression not worth his salt is still used today in English to refer to a person _ to be incapable of doing a job. A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. to be felt 15. Despite his disappointing record this year, I _ the less feel that he is the best man we have in the department. A. never B. no C. none D. nor 16. When bird watchers find a nest, they are very careful not to disturb it lest the mother bird _ frightened and desert it. A. should be B. will be C. may be D. could be 17. In the future industrialized society, computer knowledge will become _ require¬ment as the ability to read and write. A. so basic a B. so a basic C. as basic a D. as a basic 18. Todays consumers buy, enjoy, use and discard more types of goods _ could possibly have been imagined even a few years ago. A. that B. than C. but D. as 19. In spite of the fact that Jim violated these regulations, it does not justify _ him in that way now. A. you to treat B. you have treated C. you are treating D. your treating 20. My approach is not to learn everything about something, but _ something about everything. A. rather to learn B. to learn rather C. to rather learn D. rather learning Part II Cloze (10 points) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D beneath the passage. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. There is a story of a very wicked man who dies. Before he died, he was _21_ the worst because there were _22_ sins he had not committed. But when he woke up in the next _23_ he found that conditions were not as bad _24_ he had feared. In fact they were quite good. He had an extremely luxurious room _25_ himself. The room was air-conditioned - _26_ a trace of the excessive heat he had feared. He _27_ food and a smiling waitress immediately _28_ with a delicious banquet. He felt _29_ drinking and a large choice of wines was in front of him _30_. A couple of weeks of this pleasant life went by and the man began to get _31_ restless. It was all very nice _32_ he had been an active man in the other life and he felt he _33_ like to do something. He lifted the house-phone and a(n) _34_ voice came on the line: “Yes, sir, what can we do for you? No _35_ with room service, I hope?” “Oh, certainly not! The service here is excellent, quite _36_ my expectations. It is just that I would like to be given an opportunity to do something.” “Im sorry, sir,” came the _37_ reply, “thats the one thing management cant _38_ here.” The man began to get annoyed and he said, “In that case I might _39_ in Hell!” “Why, sir,” came the surprised voice, “_40_ did you think you were?” 21. A. trying B. preparing C. fearing D. getting 22. A. few B. a few C. some D. many 23. A. day B. life C. room D. way 24. A. when B. just C. like D. as 25. A. on B. to C. of D. with 26. A. not B. having C. by D. with 27. A. fond of B. fell on C. called for D. attended to 28. A. stepped B. went C. dealt D. appeared 29. A. like B. for C. happy D. out of 30. A. in places B. in an instant C. around the clock D. from the view 31. A. a lot B. some C. much D. a little 32. A. but B. still C. and D. whenever 33. A. ought to B. would C. could D. had to 34. A. terrible B. broken C. emotional D. prompt 35. A. opinions B. good C. complaints D. choice 36. A. in B. beyond C. outside D. with 37. A. vague B. expected C. affirmative D. regretful 38. A. allow B. allocate C. affect D. avoid 39. A. be very well B. be well to be C. as well be D. as well as 40. A. what B. how C. which D. where Part III Reading Comprehension (20 points) Directions: In this part there are five passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Then on your Answer Sheet, find the corresponding letter and mark your choice on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a single line through the center in the brackets. Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage: Passage 1 At a trial the selection of the jury is made subject to the direction of the presiding judge. The names of the prospective jurors are drawn by lot by the clerk of the court. Both the defense and the prosecution may examine the jurors to ascertain whether cause for challenge in any particular case exists that is, whether circumstances exist that might improperly influence a jurors decisions, such as bias or self-interest. The parties to the action or their attorneys may then exercise their right to eliminate undesirable members from the jury by means of challenge. After a satisfactory jury has been drawn, the jury is formed, and the trial proceeds. In general, during the progress of a trial, all questions of law are determined by the court and questions of fact by the jury. The limits of the inquiry as to facts are determined by the pleadings and the rules of evidence. Whether evidence is properly admissible or not is a question for the court, but the weight and credibility of the evidence admitted are determined by the jury. The court, however, may decide a question of fact without sending the question to the jury if no conflict of evidence exists on the point. The court may also interpret written instruments received in evidence without aid of the jury. After all the evidence has been presented, the two counsels, first for the defendant and then for the plaintiff or prosecution, “sum up,” that is, each addresses the jury, reviewing the evidence in the case and commenting on it in a manner favorable to that counsels side of the case. The judge then makes a charge to the jury. The charge is a statement of the rules of law applicable to the evidence in that particular case. It is given in order to aid the jury in giving a correct verdict. The jury then retires from the courtroom to begin deliberations. These deliberations continue until an agreement as to the verdict is reached, or until the presiding judge deems that the jury cannot reach an agreement. The latter case is known as a hung jury. In the event that no agreement is reached, a new trial may be called. All members of a jury must agree on a verdict, which in a civil trial may be “for the plaintiff” or “for the defendant,” and in a criminal trial “guilty” or “not guilty.” (In some states, however, the verdict in a civil trial need not be unanimous.) In a civil trial the jury is then empowered to set the amount of any damages. The verdict of a jury is decisive and cannot be disturbed unless it is contrary to law or against the weight of evidence. In such a case the verdict may be set aside, either by the presiding judge or later on appeal. 41. The selection of jurors may not be determined by _. A. the judge B. the lawyers of both parties C. the jury D. the defense and the prosecution 42. The _ has the right to determine whether the evidence is believable or not. A. judge B. jury C. court D. attorney 43. “Plaintiff” in paragraph 3 refers to _. A. the prosecution side B. the defendant C. the defense side D. the lawyer 44. If the jury determines that the accused person has murdered a person, it will report to the judge that the verdict is _. A. for the plaintiff B. for the defendant C. guilty D. not guilty Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage: Passage 2 The most important of these scholars was Confucius, a minor aristocrat and official of the state of Lu, in the present Shandong Province, who spent most of his life in the late 500s and early 400s BC as an itinerant scholar-teacher and adviser to the rulers of various states. To reestablish order and prosperity, he advocated a restoration of the imperial government, social and family organizations, and the rules of propriety prescribed in the classical literature of the early Zhou dynasty. The most important element in his system, however, was the individual. Confucius taught that each human being must cultivate such personal virtues as honesty, love, and filial piety through study of the models provided in the ancient literature. This would bring harmony to the graded hierarchy of family, society, and state. The most important individuals were the ruler and his advisers, because their standards of virtuous conduct would set an example for the realm. Confucius did not speak directly on such basic issues of his day as the nature of human beings, the rights of the people against tyrannical rulers, and the influence of the supernatural in human affairs. Two of his 4th and 3rd century BC disciples, Mencius and Xunzi, did much to clarify these issues. Mencius asserted that human nature was basically good and that it could be developed not only by study, as Confucius had taught, but also by a process of inner self-cultivation. Like Confucius, Mencius accepted the hierarchically ordered feudal society in which he lived, but he placed far greater stress on the responsibilities of the ruler for the welfare of the people. If the people rose up and overthrew a tyrant, it was proof that Heaven had withdrawn its mandate. In the name of Heaven Mencius claimed for the Chinese people the right of rebellion. Xunzi took an exactly opposite view of human nature, he asserted that rebellion was fundamentally evil. Xunzi, however, was sufficiently optimistic to believe in peoples unlimited capacity for improvement. He taught that through education, the study of the classics, and the rules of propriety, virtue could be acquired and order could be reestablished in society. 45. According to Confucian doctrine a person should have all the following virtues except _. A. integrity B. love C. filial piety D. hierarchy 46. _ emphasized the responsibility of rulers to their subjects more than any other philosopher. A. Confucius B. Mencius C. Xunzi D. Laozi 47. Mencius and Xunzi have _ about rebellion of citizens. A. the same view B. similar views C. different views D. negative views 48. In the last sentence of the last paragraph there is a phrase, “rules of propriety”, which means _. A. property rules B. property regulations C. rules of convention D. convention of conduct Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage: Passage 3 Some people draw sharp distinctions between civil liberties and civil rights. These people distinguish between freedom from certain actions and freedom to be treated in certain ways. They regard civil liberties as guarantees that a person will enjoy freedom from government interference. They think of civil rights as guarantees that all people will have the freedom to be treated equally. For example, civil liberties would include freedom from government interference with a persons right to free speech. Civil rights would include everyones freedom to receive equal protection of the law. In this article, the term civil rights refers to both civil liberties and civil rights. All civil rights have limits, even in democratic countries. For example, a person may be denied freedom of speech in a democracy if it can be shown that his or her speech might lead to the overthrow of the government. A person may not use civil rights to justify actions that might seriously harm the health, welfare, safety, or morals of others. A person may be denied a civil right if that right is used to violate other peoples rights. Freedom of expression, for example, does not permit a person to tell lies that ruin another persons reputation. Property owners have the right to do what they choose with their property. However, this right may not allow a person legally to refuse to sell property to a person of a certain race or religion. This is because the property owner would be denying the other person equal freedom of choice. The specific limits of civil rights vary with the times. In time of war, a government may restrict personal freedoms to safeguard the country. Changing social and economic conditions also cause changes in the importance that people give certain rights. During the late 1800s, most people in the United States valued property rights more than personal freedoms. But since the late 1930s, most Americans have shown greater concern for personal freedoms and equality of opportunity. 49. In this passage, the author mainly discusses _. A. that civil liberties and civil rights are the same B. that there is limits in civil rights C. what is civil rights D. what is civil liberties 50. The authors opinion is _ that of those who draw distinctions between civil liberties and civil rights. A. different from B. the same with C. as precise as D. more precise than 51. Why is it not allowed if a person refuses to sell his property to a black man? A. Because he is not the owner of the property. B. Because he has no right to deny another persons equal freedom of choice. C. Because the black man is the real owner of the property. D. Because it is not permitted by the black man. 52. It can be inferred from the passage that now most Americans concern about _. A. their freedom to safeguard the country B. the property rights C. their personal freedom and equality of opportunity D. their freedom of choice Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage: Passage 4 A variety of simple techniques can prevent computer crime. For example, destroying printed information, protecting computer screens from observation. Keeping printed information and computers in locked cabinets, and clearing desktops of sensitive documents prevent access to confidential information. But more sophisticated methods are also necessary to prevent computer crimes. One technique to protect confidentiality is encryption. Information can be scrambled and unscrambled using mathematical equations and a secret code called a key. Two keys are usually employed, one to encode and the o