高一 Module3 My First Ride on a Train讲解与练习.doc

金牌教研中心 2012秋季高一英语 Module3 My First Ride on a TrainI believe I can do it best! 我相信我可以做到最好!主讲老师：曾琳宁 学生：_Period 1: Introduction, Reading and vocabulary (1.2) 1. means n. often pl. a method or way 方法，方式（属单复数同形）e.g. The quickest means of travel is by plane.mean v. 意欲，打算； adj. 卑鄙的，吝啬的mean to do sth.打算做； mean doing 意味着；mean to have done sth.=had meant to do sth. 原打算做某事实际未做。phrases: by all means 当然；务必 by no means 决不；并没有 the means of transport 交通方式； by means of 用，依靠 2. refer to a. 提到；说起e.g. Dont refer to that matter again.b. 参考；咨询；查资料e.g, If you dont know what this means, refer to the dictionary.c. 有关； 针对e.g. The new law doesnt refer to land used for farming.d. 提交作决定或采取行动e.g. You should refer this matter to the head office for a decision.phrases:refer to /turn to the dictionarylook sth. Up in the dictionaryrefer to sth./sb.提到，意指，涉及refer to as 将称为When it comes to 当谈及/提及/涉及时e.g. Some people may know little about basketball , but when it comes to the Litte Giant Yao Ming , they must be familiar with him. 3. ride vt.& vi. & n. 乘；骑；搭乘（ride, rode, ridden） a. 用作名词：go for a ride in a car 乘车出去兜风。Can I have /take a ride on your bike?我可以骑你的自行车吗？What a ride!多棒的旅程啊！b. vt.&vi.He jumped on his horse and rode away.Can you ride a horse?注： ride 用于骑马、骑自行车时，常用作vt., 即ride a horse; ride a bike;用于乘公共汽车时、乘火车时，常用作vi.，即 ride on a bus; ride on a train. 4. drive vt.&vi. 驾驶；用车送；驱赶；迫使；飞跑；猛冲drive 表示“驱使，迫使”，后面接宾补（to do ;adj.; adv; prep.phra. 不用现在分词）phrase:drive sb. mad. 使某人发疯；drive off/out 赶走；drive sb. away 把某人赶走；drive o a corner逼得某人走投无路ride/driveride-乘。可以乘车辆，也可以乘其他工具（如马、自行车等）；指车辆时，是乘车而不是开车。drive-驾驶，驱赶。宾语为车辆时，意为“驾驶”，是别的东西时，意为“驱赶”。当两者用作名词，表示一段车程时无区别，如：an hours ride=an hours dirve 5. distance a. c.n.&u.n. 距离；间距 b. c.n.&u.n 远方；远处 c. u.n. (空间或时间的相距) d. u.n.（人际关系的）冷淡，疏远e.g. A good cyclist can cover distances of over a hundred miles a day.phrases: in the distance 在远处；在远方from the distance 由远处at a distance 在稍远处，在一定距离处keep ones distance from sb. /sth. 与某人/某物保持一定的距离keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离distance learning 远程教育 distant adj.遥远的 Period 2: Reading 1Get off 下车 a. get (sb.) off （使某人）出发 b. get off sth. 下班；不再讨论某事 c. get sth. off 邮寄某物；从某物上移去某物e.g. Her finger was so swollen that she couldnt get the ring off. I usually get off at 6:00 p.m. Phrases: get on 上车 get around 传播 get away 逃离，离开办 get over 爬过，克服；熬过 get in 进入；收获；收（税等）； get ride of 除掉，摆脱 get through 通过；做完；看完 get up 起床，起身 get along/on with 进行；进展；与相处 get across 使通过，（使）被理解 2more than: over 超过；仅仅e.g. Judging from his appearance, he is more than 40. not more than 与 no more than not more than 不超过，顶多，相当于；no more than仅仅，只有，相当于。Other phrases:more than 与其说倒不如说 e.g. Hes more mad than stupid.说他笨，不如说他疯了。no more than 与同样不（表示前后比较对象程度相当）the more , the more越就越more or less 或多或少 3scenery, scene, viewScenery-为自然风景的全称，常用来描述静态的乡村景色/e.g. The scenery of the country is not beautiful.scene-指某一特定环境呈现的景色，多半包含人的动作。e.g. a happy scene of children playing in the garden. View-属scenery的一部分，也就是从某处所见的情景。 e.g. Theres no view from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys. 4. After that,. that 常“承上”；this 常“启下的” e.g. Thats the end of the news. The reason is this.理由如下。 5be short for 为的缩写; in short 简言之，总之 e.g. PRC is short for the Peoples Republic of China. My name is Johnson, but my classmates always call me John in short. phrases: be short of =lack 缺乏；短少； to be short 简单地说，简言之 go short (of) 欠缺，缺少 cut short 使中断，打断，阻止 run short （物品）不足，短缺 6not any more=no more ; not any longer=no longer not any more=no more表动作不再重复出现或做某事的次数不再增加，多与瞬间动词连用。E.g. You will not see him any more.not any longer=no longer表动作不再延续或时间上不再延长，多与延续性动词连用。e.g. She doesnt live here any longer. 6. the 1920s 20世纪20年代请注意时间表达法：the 1830s 19世纪30年代 the 60s 60年代 in her 80s 在（她）八十多岁的时候 Period 3: Grammar 1&2, Function, Culture Corner 1.The ed form过去分词作定语 分词是动词的一种非限定形式，主要起构成形容词和副词的作用，共有两种形式，一种是现在分词（-ing）,一种是过去分词（-ed）.现在分词一般有主动的意思，过去分词一般有被动和完成的意思，以下主要是过去分词作定语的几点用法。（1）及物动词的过去分词单独用作定语，表被动。e.g. moved students drowned people used paper a broken cup developed countries(2 )个别的过去分词（多由不及物动词构成）只表示完成，不表示被动。 e.g. fallen leaves. / returned students. 归国留学生。 (3)某些动词的过去分词作定语，既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语，但含义不同。 e.g.The method used( 被采用的) is very efficient./ This is a used（用过的）book. The book given(给) to him is an English novel. We will be meeting at a given(特定的) time and place. (4) 有些过去分词己经失去了被动意义, 相当于形容词作定语,表示主语所处的一种状态.常用来修饰人。 也可以修饰物，这类被过去分词所修饰指物的名词大概有两类: a.指人发出的声音: voice , shout , scream , cry 等; b.指人的面部表情: face, look , expression , smile 等; 修饰的过去分词有:disappointed, puzzled, surprised, excited, satisfied, frightened, pleased, trembled, discouraged, etc.a frightened look 惊恐的神态a frightening look 吓人的神态a pleased smile （自己感到）满意的微笑a pleasing smile 令人愉快的微笑 2过去时态的表达及用法 一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作）， (2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。(1) e.g.He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，烟抽得可凶了。 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。 句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响。 e.g. Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（意思是说你现在不饿吗？） Yes, I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（意思是说已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。） When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。） I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约十分钟以前吃的。 Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。 e.g.I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。 一般过去时的基本用法 a. 带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时如：yesterday（昨天）、two days ago（两天前 ）、last year（去年）、the other day（前几天）、once up on a time（过去曾经）、 just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、before liberation（解放前）、 When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时）e.g.Did you have a party the other day？前几天，你们开了晚会了吗？ e.g. Lei Feng was a good soldier. 雷锋是个好战士。注意在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时 这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。e.g.The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作,常与always，never等连用。e.g.Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。） 比较 Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。 （说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞） I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。 （不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒） 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do e.g.He used to drink. 他过去喝酒。 （意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了） I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。（意味着现在不在早晨散步了） I took a walk in the morning. 我曾经在早晨散过步。 （只是说明过去这一动作） 比较I took a walk in the morning . 我曾经在早晨散过步。（指是说明过去这一动作） 有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！ I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）辨别正误Li Ming studied English this morning. （把此句变为一般疑问句）（）1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning？ （动词应该用原形）（） 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning？ （时态应该用过去时态）（） 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning？ （应该用一般动词，而不是be动词）（） 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning？ （在过去发生的动作。）一般过去时的形式 to be: 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余的人称用were。 to do(行为动词)： 行为动词的过去式有两类，一类是规则动词，另一类是不规则动词。to have: 各人称，单、复数一律用had。 肯 定句 否 定 句 be I /He/She/It was. I/ He /She/It was not . We/You/They were. We /You/They were not. have I /He/She/It/ We/You/They had. I/ He /She/It/We/You/They had not（有） . I/He/She/It/We/You/They did not have (吃/喝/进行.) 行为动词 I /He/She/It/ We/You/They studied I/ He /She/It/ We /You/They did not study 一般疑问句 简略回答 be Was he/she/it.? Yes,he was.(No,he wasnt.) Were we/you/they.? Yes,you were. (No,you were not) have Had I/he/she/it/you/we/ they.? Did I/you/he. have. Yes,you had.(No,you hadnt.) Yes,you did.(No,you didnt.) 行为动词 Did he/she/ it/ we/you/ they study.? Yes,you did.(No,you didnt.) 3Downtown adv. (美国英语)在城镇的中心区e.g. I went downtown to do some shopping today. adj. (城镇的)中心区的，商业区的 a downtowm office 城市商业区的办公室 4.Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes.句中Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour是现在分词短语在句中作状语。现在分词短语用作状语时，可以表示时间、条件、原因、伴随或方式以及结果等。从分词的时间意义上看，现在分词一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；从语态意义上看，现在分词一般式往往表示主动的动作，它所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者，即句子的主语。（1）表示时间Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.(=When I looked out of the window)Hearing the news, he couldnt help laughing. (2)表示时间 Being League members, we are ready to help others.=(Since we are League members) Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. (3)表示条件 Working hard, youll surely succeed.(=If you work hard) (4)表示伴随或方式 The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch. He came running back to tell me the news. (5)表示结果 The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 5.speed v.&n. speed by 迅速过去 speed up 加速 at speed 迅速 at full/top speed 全速 at a /the speed of 以的速度 6.30-kilometre journey 30千米的行程 30-kilometre是合成形容词。合成形容词只作前置定语，用于所修饰的名词前，结构是： 数词+单位词单数+形容词（long/wide/high/tall/deep/old）+被修饰的名词，其中合成形容词的各词语之间要有连字符，而且单位词要用单数。如： A five-year-old boy 一个5岁的男孩 A 200-metre-long bridge 一座200米长的桥 A 500-metre-wide river 一条500米宽的河 Period 4: Vocabulary, reading and speaking 1.for the first time 第一次，在句中作状语。e.g. They were in Beijing for the first time. the first time 第一次，后面跟从句。e.g. This is the first time that I have ever been abroad at all. 2. my first visit to 我第一次去参观，此处visit为名词。 Pay a visit to 拜访，参观 be on a visit to在访问 3at kindergarten 上幼儿园(名词前不加冠词，表示抽象意义)。 Other phrases: At/in school 上学 go to school 上学 in the school 在学校 in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱 at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌旁 【跟踪训练】1.I didnt know he was in .He looks as if he were over .A.his forties；sixty B.forty；sixties C.the forties；his sixties D.his forty；the sixty2. The longexpected match was at halftime because of the poor weather conditions.A.disappeared B.removed C.abandoned D.continued3.He felt rather at she should drive the car at such a speed. A.frightening；frightening B.frightened；frightening C.frightened；frightened D.frightening；frightened4.Science and technology are changing fast nowadays. I bought this MP3 player at the beginning of this year but now its out of . A.date B.order C.use D.sight5. terrible weather it was when the tsunami(海啸)and earthquake happened in Indonesia.A.How B.How a C.What D.What a6. With the up，the farmers will have a harvest year.A.produce B.product C.production D.productions7. Nobody but doctors or nurses and thoseby Dr. Huto enter the patients room.A.invited, is allowed B.are invited, are allowed C.being invited, allowed D.invited, are allowed8.If you dont know what the word means，you can the dictionary.A.look up B.look out C.refer to D.look for9.China is acountry and we should introducescience and technology fromcountries.A.developed；advanced；developed B.developing；advanced；developedC.developing；advancing；developing D.developed；advancing；developing10._(walk) in the desert for several days，we finally reached what was called oasis，.A.exhausting B.being exhausted C.exhausted D.exhaust11.-Whichwill you enter(for)(报名参加(比赛) in the sports meeting？-Im considering. Its hard to choose from. A.affairs B.events C.competitions D.sports12.Internet shopping will really when people make sure (确保/查明)that it is safe.A.take off B.take up C.set off D.set up13.The little boy the bear but he didntit.A.shot；shoot at B.shot at；shoot C.shot；shoot D.shot at；shoot at14.-Would you mind if the window was closed？-.I a