外贸英语词汇.doc

一、贸易词汇1、贸易方式stocks 存货，库存量cash sale 现货purchase 购买，进货bulk sale 整批销售，趸售distribution channels 销售渠道wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业hire-purchase 分期付款购买fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市unfair competition 不合理竞争dumping 商品倾销dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度antidumping 反倾销customs bond 海关担保chain debts 三角债freight forwarder 货运代理trade consultation 贸易磋商mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解partial shipment 分批装运restraint of trade 贸易管制RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 区域贸易安排favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差special preferences 优惠关税bonded warehouse 保税仓库transit trade 转口贸易tariff barrier 关税壁垒tax rebate 出口退税TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技术性贸易壁垒2、贸易伙伴trade partner 贸易伙伴manufacturer 制造商，制造厂middleman 中间商，经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer, tradesman 零售商merchant 商人，批发商，零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者consumer 消费者，用户client, customer 顾客，客户buyer 买主，买方carrier 承运人consignee 收货人3、进出口贸易commerce, trade, trading 贸易inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 国内贸易international trade 国际贸易foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易，外贸import, importation 进口importer 进口商export, exportation 出口exporter 出口商import licence 进口许口证export licence 出口许口证commercial transaction 买卖，交易inquiry 询盘delivery 交货order 订货make a complete entry 正式/完整申报bad account 坏帐Bill of Lading 提单marine bills of lading 海运提单shipping order 托运单blank endorsed 空白背书endorsed 背书cargo receipt 承运货物收据condemned goods 有问题的货物catalogue 商品目录customs liquidation 清关customs clearance 结关4、贸易价格trade term / price term 价格术语world / international market price 国际市场价格FOB (free on board) 离岸价C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价freight 运费wharfage 码头费landing charges 卸货费customs duty 关税port dues 港口税import surcharge 进口附加税import variable duties 进口差价税commission 佣金return commission 回佣，回扣price including commission 含佣价net price 净价wholesale price 批发价discount / allowance 折扣retail price 零售价spot price 现货价格current price 现行价格 / 时价indicative price 参考价格customs valuation 海关估价price list 价目表total value 总值5、贸易保险All Risks 一切险F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of Odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险Shortage Risk 短缺险T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Strikes Risk 罢工险6、贸易机构WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定7、词组及固定用法foreign trade 对外贸易overseas trade 海外贸易international trade 国际贸易to trade with 和进行贸易to do business in a moderate way 做生意稳重to do business in a sincere way 做生意诚恳to make a deal 做一笔交易deal 交易，经营，处理，与交往to deal in 经营，做生意to explore the possibilities of 探讨的可能性trade circles 贸易界to handle 经营某商品to trade in 经营某商品business scope/frame 经营范围trading firm/house 贸易行，商行trade by commodities 商品贸易visible trade 有形贸易invisible trade 无形贸易barter trade 易货贸易bilateral trade 双边贸易triangle trade 三角贸易multilateral trade 多边贸易counter trade 对销贸易；抵偿贸易counter purchase 互购贸易buy-back 回购贸易compensation trade 补偿贸易processing trade 来料加工贸易assembling trade 来料装配贸易leasing trade 租赁贸易in exchange for 用交换trade agreement 贸易协议8、示例词汇：China Scooter 中国踏板车China Scooter Exporter 中国踏板车出口商China Scooter Producers 中国踏板车生产商China Scooter Suppliers 中国踏板车供货商Scooter China Exporter 中国踏板车出口商Scooter China Producers 中国踏板车生产商Scooter China Suppliers 中国踏板车供货商Scooter Exporter 踏板车出口商Scooter Exporter China 中国踏板车出口商Scooter Exporters 踏板车出口商Scooter Factories 踏板车工厂Scooter Factory 踏板车工厂Scooter Manufacturer 踏板车制造厂家Scooter Manufacturers 踏板车制造商Scooter Manufacturing 踏板车制造Scooter Producer 踏板车生产商Scooter Producers 踏板车生产商Scooter Producers China 中国踏板车生产商Scooter Product 踏板车产品Scooter Products 踏板车产品Scooter Supplier 踏板车供货商Scooter Suppliers 踏板车供货商Scooter Suppliers China 中国踏板车供货商二、贸易语句They mainly trade with Japanese firms.他们主要和日本商行进行贸易。For the past five years, we have done a lot of trade with your company.在过去的五年中，我们与贵国进行了罅康拿骋住?/POur trade is conducted on the basis of equality.我们是在平等的基础上进行贸易。There has been a slowdown in the wool trade with you.和你们的羊毛贸易已有所减少。Our foreign trade is continuously expanding.我们的对外贸易不断发展。Trade in leather has gone up (down) 3%.皮革贸易上升（下降）了百分之三。Trade in general is improving.贸易情况正在好转。Our company mainly trades in arts and crafts.我们公司主要经营手工艺品。They are well-known in trade circles.他们在贸易界很有名望。We trade with people in all countries on the basis of equality and mutualbenefit.我们在平等互利的基础上和各国人民进行贸易。To respect the local custom of the buying country is one important aspectof Chinas foreign policy.尊重买方国家的风俗习惯是我国贸易政策的一个重要方面。Our purpose is to explore the possibilities of developing trade with you.我们的目的是和你们探讨一下发展贸易的可能性。Can we do a barter trade?咱们能不能做一笔易货贸易呢？Is it still a direct barter trade?这还算是一种直接的易货贸易吗？If you agree to our proposal of a barter trade, well give you paper inexchange for your timber.如果你方同意我们进行易货贸易的建议，我们将用纸与你们交换木材。Shall we sign a triangle trade agreement?我们订一个三角贸易协议好吗？A triangle trade can be carried out among the three of us.我们三方可进行三角贸易。Compensation trade is, in fact, a kind of loan.补偿贸易实际上是一种信贷。We may agree to do processing trade with you.我们同意与你们进行来料加工贸易。If youre interested in leasing trade, please let us know.如果你们有意做租赁贸易，请告诉我们。We wonder whether you do counter trade.我们不知道你们是否做抵偿贸易。三、出席商务会议的常用英语The following phrases are used to participate in a meeting. Thesephrases are useful for expressing your ideas and giving input to ameeting.Getting the Chairpersons Attention 引起会议主席的注意(Mister/Madam) chairman.May I have a word?If I may, I think.Excuse me for interrupting.May I come in here?Giving Opinions 表达意见Im positive that.I (really) feel that.In my opinion.The way I see things.If you ask me,. I tend to think that.Asking for Opinions 询问意见Are you positive that.Do you (really) think that.(name of participant) can we get your input?How do you feel about.?Commenting 做出评论Thats interesting .I never thought about it that way before.Good point!I get your point.I see what you mean.Agreeing 表示同意I totally agree with you.Exactly!Thats (exactly) the way I feel.I have to agree with (name of participant).Disagreeing 表示异议Unfortunately, I see it differently.Up to a point I agree with you, but.(Im afraid) I cant agreeAdvising and Suggesting 提出建议Lets.We should.Why dont you.How/What about.I suggest/recommend that.Clarifying 澄清Let me spell out.Have I made that clear?Do you see what Im getting at?Let me put this another way.Id just like to repeat that.Requesting Information 请求信息Please, could you.Id like you to.Would you mind.I wonder if you could.Asking for Repetition 请求重复Im afraid I didnt understand that. Could you repeat what you justsaid?I didnt catch that. Could you repeat that, please?I missed that. Could you say it again, please?Could you run that by me one more time?Asking for Clarification 要求澄清I dont quite follow you. What exactly do you mean?Im afraid I dont quite understand what your are getting at.Could you explain to me how that is going to work?I dont see what you mean. Could we have some more details, please?Asking for Verification 请求确认You did say next week, didnt you? (did is stressed)Do you mean that.?Is it true that.?Asking for Spelling 请求拼写Could you spell that, please?Would you mind spelling that for me, please?Asking for Contributions 请求赐教We havent heard from you yet, (name of participant).What do you think about this proposal?Would you like to add anything, (name of participant)?Has anyone else got anything to contribute?Are there any more comments?Correcting Information 更正Sorry, I think you misunderstood what I said.Sorry, thats not quite right.Im afraid you dont understand what Im saying.Thats not quite what I had in mind.Thats not what I meant.Keeping the Meeting On Target (time, relevance, decisions) 转入正题Were running short of time.Well, that seems to be all the time we have today.Please be brief.Im afraid weve run out of time.Im afraid thats outside the scope of this meeting.Lets get back on track, why dont we?Thats not really why were here today.Why dont we return to the main focus of todays meeting.Well have to leave that to another time.Were beginning to lose sight of the main point.Keep to the point, please.I think wed better leave that for another meeting.Are we ready to make a decision?四、商务合同及翻译英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。1、酌情使用公文语惯用副词商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由 here、there、where 等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：从此以后、今后：hereafter；此后、以后：thereafter；在其上：thereonthereupon；在其下：thereunder；对于这个：hereto；对于那个：whereto；在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore；在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。例 1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof bythe Buyer and the Builder.例 2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this tradename is more appropriate are made in China.2、慎重处理合同的关键细目实践证明，英译合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说，不是大的陈述性条款。而恰恰是一些关键的细目比如：金钱、时间、数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。3.1 限定责任众所周知，合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围，常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。3.1.1 and/or常用 and/or 英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容，这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。例 9：如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其它货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to theship and/or cargo on buard.3.1.2 by and between常用 by and between 强调合同是由“双方”签订的，因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋于的责任。例 10：买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby theBuyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentionedcommodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3.2 限定时间英译与时间有关的文字，都应非常严格慎重地处理，因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时，常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。3.2.1 双介词用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。例 11；自9月2O日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect anyaccount on and after September 20.例 12：我公司的条件是，3 个月内，即不得晚于5月1日，支付现金。Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not(no)later than用“not (no) later than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。例 13：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货物装船。Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing thisContract, i.e. not later than December 15.3.2.3 include 的相应形式常用 include 的相应形式：inclusive、including 和 included，来限定含当日在内的时间。例 14：本证在北京议付，有效期至1月1日。This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing.(or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation inBeijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在内，英译为 till and not including January 1。3.3限定金额为避免金额数量的差漏、伪造或涂改，英译时常用以下措施严格把关。3.3.1.大写文字重复金额英译金额须在小写之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，即使原文合同中没有大写，英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”，意为“大写”；在最后加上“ONLY”。意思为“整”。必须注意：小写与大写的金额数量要一致。例 16：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元 500 元整。Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDREDUS DOLLARS ONLY).3.3.2. 正确使用货币符号英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币；而“”不仅代表“英镑”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币。必须注意：当金额用数字书写时，金额数字必须紧*货币符号，例如：Can $891,568，不能写成：Can $891,568。另外，翻译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点 （.） 还是分节号（,），因为这两个符号极易引起笔误，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪设想的。3、常见英语翻译错误示例在一些由中文翻译的英语样本、合同、广告和其他文件材料中常见一些翻译错误，现仅举几个出现频率较高的例子，试作分析，谨供读者朋友参考。1.由港澳国际投资公司投资的海口电站工程因其建设速度和质量得到高度评价。原译文：The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-MacauInternational Investment Co, Ltd. was highly appraised for itsconstruction speed and quality.注：投资某项工程应为invest in a project，在被动语态中不能漏去前置词in。应译为：The Haikou Power Station Project invested in（在某些情况下可用financed or funded）by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd. was highlyappraised for its construction speed and quality.2.上海SFECO拥有5个控股子公司。原译文：Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding companies.注：share-holding company指控制或持有某公司股权的股东公司。上述译文意思是5个公司持有Shanghai SFECOGroup的股份，换句话说，这5个公司是“老子”公司，因此显然不符合中文原意。应译为：Shanghai SFECO Group is a holding company of 5 subsidiary companies.或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary companies.3.中国民生银行有限公司原译文：China Minsheng Banking Corporation, Ltd.注：corporation本身即为有限公司，相当于limited company，英译中无需再加“Ltd”。应译为：China Minsheng Banking Corporation4.项目中标之后，我们将立即开始前期准备工作。原译文：After the bid is awarded, we shall immediately start ouradvance-phase preparation.注：项目中标应为accept a bid or award the contract。显然上述译文把两种表达法相混淆了。应译为：After the bid i