amy-4级分类整理答案-2011.12至2006.12四级真题翻译篇-.doc

归纳整理-2011年12月至2006年12月四级真题翻译篇一、考查语法点：（一 ）虚拟语气（1）时态变化 1. Linda_(不可能收到我的电子邮件）：otherwise, she would have replied（2011.12-88）解析：couldnt have received my e-mail 本题考察混合型虚拟语气。otherwise提示我们句子后半句是与过去事实相反（事实是Linda没有回复），因此用could+have+过去分词。句子前半句是在陈述一种事实，从句子后半句could have +过去分词我们可以推断前面“没有收到我的电子邮件”也是在发生在过去，且对现在产生了影响（还没有收到回信），因此这里用现在完成时，could have +过去分词。2. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _(能被分配做另一项工作). 解析：could be assigned (to) another job (2011.6-88) 被动态本题考察了wish从句的虚拟语气用法（cancould）和“分配某人做某事”的词组搭配，assign sb. to sth. 或者assign sb. sth.3. You would not have failed if you _(按照我的指令去做). (2009.12-87)解析：had followed my instructions/orders【结构分析】本句的主语是You。谓语动词是would not have failed。if you had followed my instructions是if引导的条件状语从句。【要点解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。if从句的虚拟语气考查，根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would +have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构。“按照的指令”可表达为follow my instructions/orders。 根据主句的would not have failed 结构就可以推断这是对过去事实的虚拟，那么从句则是had+done 结构，所以答案为you had followed my instructions/orders。4. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary _(就不会被大雨淋了) (2009.6-88) 被动态答案：wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain 点评：本题的考点仍然为两个：第一个是考查对虚拟语气的掌握，情态动词+完成时的结构。第二是考查对短语be caught by 的掌握，意思为“被所困”， 另外注意对雨这个概念的修饰，一定要用heavy rain 而不是big rain 。 5. The victim _(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time. (2006.12-89)答案：would have had a chance of surviving/would have been able to survive/would have survived。 解析：根据本句结构可以看出需要翻译部分是谓语动词。因为实际上没有活下来所以是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。“有机会”可以用have a chance of.来表示。这样其形式为would have had a chance。“活下来”在此可用动名词“surviving”表示。（2）(should) +do 、(should) not do ; (should) be done/ (should) not be done 1. They requested that _ (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday. (2010.12-91)解析：books I borrowed (should) be returned to the library 被动态I (should) return the book I borrowed to the library【结构分析】本题句子的主干部分分别是they 主语，request 谓语，后接that引导的宾语从句。【考点解释】request的用法。request v. 要求；当request表示“要求”时，引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即（should）+ 动词原形。定语从句。“我借的书”， the book (that) I borrowed；单词的拼写。归还 return，借 borrow，图书馆 library 本题就此题提供了两个版本的答案，但在表示“规定，规则”时，被动语态更为常用。【原句精释】他们要求我在下周五之前把借的书还回图书馆。2. It is suggested that the air conditioner _ (要安装在窗户旁). (2010.6-90)解析：(should) be fixed/installed by/next to the window 本题考查It is suggested that结构中主语从句中要用虚拟语气的用法，即should + 动词原形，should可以省略。 语法：被动态（二）强调句1Its my mother_(一直在鼓励我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my studies(2011.1289)【解析】：who/that keeps encouraging me not to lose heart/give up本题考察了强调句型和动词encourage的搭配。强调句型its that/who encourage sb. (not) to do sth. 鼓励某人（不）做某事。2. George called his boss from the airport but it _ (接电话的却是他的助手). (2011.6.90)解析： was his assistant who answered / picked up the phone； turned out that his assistant answered / picked up the phone该句比较灵活，在句法上，既可以使用强调句结构，也可以采用turn out的惯用搭配；在“接电话”的表达上，可以用pick up / answer the phone。强调句结构为it be sb. who do sth. ,而turn out变化则较多，可以用turn out to be sb. who do sth.或者turn out + that + 从句。 (三) 倒装1. The university authorities did not approve the regulation, _ (也没有解释为什么). (2011.6-87)解析; nor did they make any explanation / nor did they give the reason for doing so 本题考察了两个知识点。 nor的倒装句用法，后半句表示“也不”的否定意义，注意助动词的时态与上半句保持一致； 对某事做出解释的表达，考察了汉译英中动词转名词的技巧，explain explanation，或者nor did they give the reason for doing so同样可以。2. The manager never laughed; neither _ (她也从来没有发过脾气). (2010.6-88)解析：did she become angry/did she lose her temper before.本题考查neither的倒装用法，以及发脾气这个短语，发脾气可以说become angry，也可以用lose ones temper。 (四)状语1. 目的状语1）_(为了确保他参加会议)，I called him up in advance. (2010.12-87)解析：In order to ensure him to attend the meetingTo ensure his attendance at the meeting【结构分析】本题句子的主干 “I called him up in advance”已经给出，无需翻译，需要翻译部分为“为了确保他能参加会议”。该部分在句子中作目的状语【考点解释】本题考查是目的状语。目的状语可以由to/in order to来引导。确保 ensure sb to do 确保某人做某事，ensure sth 确保某事 【原句精释】为了确保他参加会议，我已经提前给他电话了。2. 让步状语1）Leaving ones job, _(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. （2008.689）答案：no matter what the job is/ whatever the job is考点 no matter what 或whatever引导的让步状语从句； 从句中的语序问题。 2）I am going to purchase this course, （无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）. （2007.12.-89）答案：no matter what/whatever sacrifice I have to make 解析 本题考查对让步状语从句的掌握。no matter 通常与特殊疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。另外本句也可翻译成whatever sacrifice I have to make.3. before 时间状语从句Scientists agree that it will be a long time _(我们找到治愈癌症的方法). (2009.12-89)解析：before we find the methods of curing cancers/ before we find the cure for cancer【结构分析】本句的主语是Scientists，谓语是agree，that it will be a long time是that引导的宾语从句，before we find the methods of curing cancers是before引导的时间状语从句。【要点解析】“治愈”可译为cure，而不应译为treat，treat是“治疗”的意思。cure有疗法的意思，所以治愈癌症的方法还可以译为cure for cancer。根据句子的已知部分，可以判断出填写的部分用一般现在时【原句精译】科学家们认为，要过很长时间才能找到治愈癌症的方法。【能力拓展】before引导的状语从句。句型A：it+be+一段时间+before：意思是“要过很久才会”。例：The field research will take John and Mike about five months; it will be a long time before we meet them again. 实地考察要花约翰和迈克五个月的时间;他们过很久才会再见面。句型B：it was some time before：意思是“在之前过了一段时间”。例：He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to work. 他被告知至少过三个月才能康复，重返工作岗位。 4. not - until 直到-才 时间状语从句1）The anti-virus agent was not known_ (直到一名医生偶然发现了它). （2008.12-91）答案：until a doctor discovered/found it by chance/accidentally 本题考点在于以下两点：(1)表示“直到”用until；(2)中文中的“偶然”用by chance或者accidentally2）_(直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill. （2008.691）答案：Not until he finished his mission 考点not until置于句首引起的倒装句型； mission表示“使命”。 (五) 定语从句1Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_(他们至今还没有答案) （2008.12-87）答案：to which they have not found solutions so far/(which) they have not found answers/solutions to so far 本题考点在于以下三点：(1)problems之后应使用定语从句，引导词用which，介词to提前；(2)中文“还没有”需要用增译法，即增加find一词，注意答题时应使用过去分词形式found；(3)中文的“答案”需要转译为solutions。 时态； 词组：solution to sth.2. _ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. （2008.690）答案：Compared with the place where I was brought up 被动态考点分词做状语；where引导的定语从句。3. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我们可以合作的领域). （2007.6-88）答案:one field of our cooperation或the field in which we can cooperate 【解析】本题考查的是表语的使用，可以用名词短语one field of our cooperation作表语，也可以用从句 the field in which we can cooperate作表语。（六）主语从句1. what 所字结构1）_(给游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. (2010.12-90)解析：What impressed the tourists most【结构分析】本题句子为主系表结构，主语即考查部分，was 系动词，剩余部分为表语。【考点解释】本题重点考查what引导的主语从句；what可引导句子充当主语；impress用法 给留下印象 impress sb；最高级的用法most；结合考点，可推出“给印象最深”为impress sb most【原句精释】当地人的友善与热情给游客们留下了最深的印象。2）_(很多人所没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports , and football in particular.(2009.6-90)答案：what many people dont realize / what a host of folks dont realize 点评：本题所考查的考点是主语从句，对考生来说并不难，大部分考生都会直接写出答案what many people dont realize ， 但是对于考试答题来说已经足够了，但是对于我们英语学习来说，要尽可能多的掌握同义表达，也就是我们常说的同义替换，丰富自己的语言知识的储备，比如说本题，a host of , an ocean of 等都可以替换many , 而人的概念的表达就更为丰富了 ，people = person = individual = figure = character =folk 等，这一点应该引起各位考生和英语学习者的高度重视。 3）_ (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.答案：What most parents concern /What most parents are concerned about 本题较难，考点在于主语从句的使用。根据题干后半部分的英文，可推断句子缺少主语，而“大多数父母所关心的”译成英文后包含动词，所以应使用主语从句。（七）比较级1. In my sixties, one change I notice is that_（我比以前更容易累了）. （2007.12.-88）答案：I have been/am more likely to get tired than before 解析 本题考查对表语从句和修饰语的比较级的掌握。另外本句也可翻译成I get tired more easily than before.2I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _（它更加方便和省时）.（2007.12.-90）答案：shopping online /it is more convenient and less time-consuming/time-saving 解析 本题考查对it的指代作用和比较级用法的掌握。在这里，如果把“它”直接翻译成it，会造成指代不明，所以要用shopping online表达。当然，还可以用the former来表达，也不会引起歧义。3. Since my childhood I have found that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). (2006.12-88)答案：nothing is more attractive to me than reading/nothing attracts me more than reading。解析：根据本句结构可以看出要翻译部分应为that 引出的宾语从句。“没有什么比对我更有吸引力”可用结构“nothing is more attractive to me than”表示。（八）猜测语气1. Linda_(不可能收到我的电子邮件）：otherwise, she would have replied（2011.12-88）解析：couldnt have received my e-mail 本题考察混合型虚拟语气。otherwise提示我们句子后半句是与过去事实相反（事实是Linda没有回复），因此用could+have+过去分词。句子前半句是在陈述一种事实，从句子后半句could have +过去分词我们可以推断前面“没有收到我的电子邮件”也是在发生在过去，且对现在产生了影响（还没有收到回信），因此这里用现在完成时，could have +过去分词。2. I cant boot my computer now. Something _(一定出了什么毛病) with its operation system. （2008.688） 答案：must be wrong考点must be 推测意义句型的考查。(九) 固定句型：1. the more -; the more- 越来越The more exercise you take,_(你越不大可能得感冒). (2009.12-91) 解析：the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold/the less likely you are to catch a cold【结构分析】本句的前半部分是从句，后半部分是主句。主句的主语是You。谓语是will have。【要点解析】本题主要考查 the more，the less的用法。其用法与the more，the more一致，可翻译为“越越”。固定搭配“可能做某事”，可翻译为be likely to do sth;固定搭配“感冒”，可翻译为catch a cold。【原句精译】锻炼越多，你越不大可能感冒。【能力拓展】“越越”句型：这种句型表达为：the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子。若the more修饰名词，则名词要提前，直接置于the more后，如试题中句子：The more exercise you take, the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold2. in case +从句 以免Youd better take a sweater with you_(以防天气变冷). （2008.12-89）答案：in case/lest it turns cold/ in case of temperature drop 本题较难，考点在于“以防”概念的表达，其实这是一个表示“反面目的”的目的状语从句，使用in case或 lest引导皆可。如果考生对写作复习得比较全面，本题应该可以顺利完成。二、考查词和词组的用法1. raise 筹款/ survivor 幸存者 Charity groups organized various activities to _(为地震幸存者筹款)。（2011.12-87）解析：raise money for the survivors of/from the earthquakeraise money for the people who survived the earthquake本题考察动词raise的用法。raise money 表示“筹款”。同时考生要注意survivor （幸存者）的拼写。2. consider考虑1) The publishing house has to _（考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度)。（2011.12-90）【解析】consider the popularity of this novel/ take the popularity of this novel into consideration本题考察了“考虑”的表达，可以用动词consider，也可以用词组take into consideration。同时考生要注意名词popularity (受欢迎程度) 的拼写。2) consider 考虑 take sth. into consideration 将-考虑在内The finding of this study failed to _ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). （2007.6-87）答案：to consider the quality of peoples sleeping或take peoples sleeping quality into consideration【解析】本题考查的是consider 的动、名词用法： 动词consider sth.; 名词词组take sth. into consideration3. define 定义 It is absolutely wrong to _（仅仅以金钱来定义幸福）。（2011.12-91）【解析】define happiness only by money本题考察了“定义”的表达，为define。 4. persuade sb. into doing sth./ talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做了某事Although he was interested in philosophy, _ (他的父亲说服他) majoring in law. (2011.6-91)解析：his father persuaded him into / talked him into（他的父亲说服他）majoring in law.本题考察“说服某人做某事”的表达，persuade / talk sb. into doing sth.5. be said to do; 语法：被动态The significant museum_(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago. (2010.12-88)解析：is said to have been built【结构分析】本题句子的主语为the significant museum，缺谓语，即（据说建成于）about a hundred years ago为时间状语。【考点解释】本题重点考查：被动语态。主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系; 且bulid这一动作发生在过去。据说 be said to；be said to+ 动词不定式的完成时，表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。【原句精释】据说这座意义深远的博物馆大约建成于一百年前。6. concentrate on/ focus on ; have difficulty doing sth.Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty _ (集中注意力在实验上). (2010.6-87)解析：(in) concentrating on the experiment/ focusing her attention on the experiment.本题考查两个短语的用法，一个是have difficulty (in) doing sth，该短语中，后面的动词要用现在分词形式。第二个短语是集中注意力，与此对应的有多个短语，如：focus/fix ones attention on, concentrate on。翻译时需和前面短语的用法结合起来，把动词变成ing形式。Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had _(很难跟上班里的同学)(2009.6-87)答案： difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates / difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates 7. look forward to doing / 语法：被动We look forward to _ (被邀请出席开幕式). (2010.6-89)解析：being invited to attend the opening ceremony.本题考查look forward to的用法，后面要跟名词或者动词的ing形式，而且要注意后边是被邀请所以要用被动语态。8. give up +n./ doing Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never _(放弃对知识的追求). (2009.12-88)解析：gave up pursuing knowledge【结构分析】 本句的主语是Mark。谓语是gave up pursuing knowledge。despite the hardship he encountered是despite引导的状语从句。【要点解析】本题考查动词give的搭配。“放弃”可译为give up。 encounter the hardship也是非常重要的固定搭配，意为“遇到困难”。需要填写的部分应该采用过去时。“对知识的追求”可译为pursuing knowledge.【原句精译】尽管马克遇到困难，但是他从未放弃对知识的追求。【能力拓展】动词give的常见搭配。give up放弃，交出 例：When you graduate, will you give up your study? 你毕业后会不会放弃学习? give oneself up to献身于，沉溺于，热衷于 例：The boy gives himself up to electronic games. 这个男孩沉溺于电子游戏。give away泄露，出卖 例：He gave my secret away. 他泄露了我的秘密。give in屈服，让步 例：You must give in your examination papers now. 你们现在必须把试卷交上来。9. keep pace with +n./doing；keep up with +n. doing 跟上1) Production has to be increased considerably to _(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步). (2009.12-90)解析：keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers或keep up with the constantly growing needs of consumers【结构分析】本句的主语是Production，谓语是has to be increased，后面的to keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers是目的状语。【要点解析】 固定搭配“与保持同步”，可以翻译为keep pace with 或keep up with。“不断增长的”，可以翻译为increasing，growing或rising。“需求”可翻译为demands或needs。“消费者”翻译为consumer。【原句精译】只有大幅提高产量才能与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步。【能力拓展】keep pace with和并驾齐驱，跟上 例：We must work hard to keep pace with the development of modern technology. 我们必须努力学习才能跟上现代科技的发展。keep up with赶得上，和保持联系 例：Students must work hard to keep up with their school work. 学生必须努力学习才能跟上功课。2) Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had _(很难跟上班里的同学)(2009.6-87)答案： difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates / difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates 点评：本题难度较小，考点非常明确，共有两个：一个是考查四级核心词组keep up with sb (跟上某人)，二是考查核心短语have difficulty in doing sth (做某事是有困难的)，对于这两个词组，考生们应该不会陌生，都属于核心短语和词组，特别是第二个词组have difficulty in doing sth ，在2006年6月的大学英语四级考试中，第一个翻译题就曾经考查过类似的短语，即have trouble in doing sth (做某事是有困难的)，这再次说明了真题的重要性，所以考生要对真题的考点完全掌握并能举一反三。 10. be likely to do 可能； Its said that 从句 据说1） It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are _(更有可能增加体重) (2009.6-89)答案：more likely to put on weight 点评：本题的难度在五个题目中可以说是最低的，考点也非常明确，而且在历年的四级考试中多次出现，首先判断本题应该使用短语be likely to 来表示“有可能做某事”，而“减肥”的表达为put on weight ，除此之外，还要特别注意一点，就是题目中表达的是“更有可能”，注意加上more ，所以答案为more likely to put on weight . 除此之外，我们还应该掌握其相关表达，比如说lose ones weight (减肥)，go on diet(节食)等。 2）In my sixties, one change I notice is that_（我比以前更容易累了）. （2007.12.-88）答案：I have been /am more likely to get tired than before 解析 本题考查对表语从句和修饰语的比较级的掌握。另外本句也可翻译成I get tired more easily than before.3) Some psychologists claim that people_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独). (2006.12-90)答案：are likely to/may/might feel lonely when (they are) away from home解析：根据本句结构可以看出要翻译部分为由that 引导的宾语从句中的谓语结构。“可能会”可用be likely to 来表达也可以使用情态动词may/might。“感到孤独”可译为feel lonely。“出门在外”可以译为时间状语从句“when they are away from home.”10. be related to sth. 与- 有关The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is _(与缺乏锻炼密切相关) (2009.6-91)答案：closely linked to the lack of exercise / closely related to the lack of exercise 被动态点评：本题的考点总的来说有两个，一是对固定搭配的考查，而是对修饰关系的考查：具体来说，be linked to = be related to (与有关)以及the lack of exercise(缺乏锻炼)两个固定搭配，另外，closely related 是修饰关系的考查，确切的说是副词与动词的修饰关系，这也是我们一贯强调的搭配概念，搭配的概念贯穿于英语学习的始终，一个学生的搭配能力决定了你的英语水平的高低，希望大家仔细体会。11. run ones own business 创业; decide to do sth.Through the project, many people have received training and_ (决定自己创业). （2008.12-90）答案：decided/determined/resolved to launch/run their own business 本题较简单，考点在于中文概念“创业”的表达，应为launch/run ones own business。 12. be applied to -（被）应用于；Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research_(能应用于新技术的开发). （2008.687）答案：can be applied to the development of the new technology 被动态考点 apply一词的用法。apply to表示“应用于；适用于”；apply for表示“申请”。 情态动词的被动语态。13. compare A with B 将A与B进行比较； be compared with 与进行比较_ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. （2008.690）答案：Compared with the place where I was brought up 被动态考点分词做状语；where引导的定语从句。14. is measured by 用-来衡量 被动态Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _（是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的），not how much they can earn. （2007.12.-91）答案：is measured by how much they can borrow 解析 本题考查对measure的掌握。measure后面通常用by sth.来搭配。另外也可以用in terms of来搭配。所以本句也可翻译成is measured in terms of how much they can borrow15. quit +n. 停止，放弃Because of the leg injury, the athlete _ (决定退出比赛). （2007.6-89）答案: decided/decides/has decided to quit the watch 【解析】本题考查的是动词短语decide to do sth.。另外，“中途退出”，“半道辞去”的英语表达法为：quit sth.。16. contact sb. by/on/via 按和某人联系To make donations or for more information, please _ (按以下地址和我们联系). （2007.6-90）答案: contact us by/via/on the following address 【解析】本题考查的是固定短语：用什么方式与人联系：contact sb. by/via/on,类似的表达方法有：contact sb. via email , contact sb. on phone number等等。 17. adjust to +n./doing 适应-Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活).(2006.12-87)答案：adjust/adapt to living in a different culture。解析：根据本句结构可以看出要翻译部分为不定式短语。“适应”可用词组adapt.to/adjust.to来表示。注意to后应该加名词或动名词。“不同文化中的生活”可译为 life in a different culture。18. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难1) Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had _(很难跟上班里的同学)(2009.6-87) 答案： difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates /