【直击中考】甘肃省中考英语总复习 第二部分 语法专题突破 专题十三 复合句（含历年中考真题）(1).doc

专题十三复合句考点分析解读甘肃中考对复合句的考查重点是宾语从句和定语从句，有时候还会将两者混合在一道题中。对状语从句的考查主要以连词为主，复合句涉题语境丰富，偶尔涉及热点信息和地方特色，具体包括以下三点：1. 宾语从句：考查宾语从句的语序引导词、时态、语序，对宾语从句的引导词和语序考查的比较多，同时涉及到疑问词+不定式这个结构。2. 定语从句的考查只涉及引导词的考查，其中考查较多的引导词包括why, who, where, which等。3. 状语从句在甘肃中考中涉及两方面的考查：从属连词的辨析；考查状语从句的时态。重难点精讲(懒人听讲解)考点精讲考点一 宾语从句近3年考查12次1. 连接词连词that引导由陈述句变来的宾语从句。that.and/but that.引导由并列或转折关系的陈述句变来的宾语从句。连词if或whether引导一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句变来的宾语从句。连接代词、副词(即疑问词)引导由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句。如：i know(that) hes a teacher.我知道他是一名教师。could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in australia?你能告诉我澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？please tell me how you go to school.请告诉我你怎样去学校。2. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序如：do you know where tom lives?你知道汤姆住在哪里吗？3. 宾语从句的时态如果主句为一般现在时，则宾语从句时态不受限制，根据实际情况使用所需要的时态。如果主句为一般过去时，则宾语从句的时态只能用过去的某种时态。如果宾语从句为客观真理或普遍事实，则用一般现在时。如果宾语从句是由when引导的从句或带有时间状语的从句，则when引导的从句或时间状语从句中的时态不变。如果宾语从句中含有过去具体的年、月、日时，则其时态保持不变。如：i hear joan left for beijing yesterday.我听说琼昨天去了北京。i hear joan has left for beijing.我听说琼已经去了北京。i hear joan will leave for beijing.我听说琼将要去北京。kate said she was watching tv this time yesterday.凯特说她昨天这个时候正在看电视。kate said she was going to school soon.凯特说她很快要去学校。kate said she had seen the film before.凯特说她之前已经看过这部电影了。miss hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。the teacher wanted to know when the girl was born.老师想知道这个女孩是什么时候出生的。tom said he had worked here since he left school.汤姆说他自从离开学校后一直在这儿工作。考点二 定语从句近3年考查12次关系词功能先行词that, who主语、宾语、表语whom, that宾语人物that, which主语、宾语、表语事物、时间、地点、原因例如：where状语地点whose定语人、物考点三 状语从句甘肃中考对状语从句的考查包括两方面：引导词的考查；主将从现时态的考查。类别连词时间状语从句when/while/as 当时，since自从(到现在)，until/till 直到，as soon as 一就条件状语从句if如果原因状语从句because因为, since既然， as由于目的状语从句so that以便；为了结果状语从句so that结果是， so/such.that.如此以至于让步状语从句although/though尽管比较状语从句than比, as.as.和一样not so/as.as.不如方式状语从句as像；如地点状语从句where 哪里注意：英语中时间和条件状语从句必须遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句为一般将来时态时，它所引导的状语从句使用一般现在时表达将来的意思，这时主句和从句所表达的时态在意义上仍然保持一致。常见的应使用“主将从现”原则的连词有：表示时间的when, while, after, before, until, till, whenever, as soon as, as long as, once等；表示条件的if, unless, so long as, in case等。如： i was doing my homework when he came.当他来的时候我正在做作业。wewill go to see you if we are free.如果我们有时间就去看你。since everyone is here, lets begin the meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开会吧。please speak slowly so that we can follow you.请说慢一点以便于我们能跟上你。we got up so late that we missed the early bus.我们起得太晚以至于错过了早班车。the air is around us, though we cannot see it.空气就在我们周围，尽管我们看不见它。it was much better than iwould expected.它比我期望得要好多了。we did as the teacher told us to.我们按照老师说的去做。where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。考点四 复合句使用时的注意事项宾语从句在介词之后、动词不定式之前或在or之前，只用whether, 不用if。i cant decide whether to buy this bike or not.状语从句在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时。i will tell him about it when he comes tomorrow.i wont go to the cinema if he doesnt come tomorrow.定语从句先行词是all, few, little, something, everything, nothing等不定代词时，只能用that。all that he said is true.先行词被only, no, any, all等词修饰时，只能用that。this is the only thing that my father bought for me.先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that。this is the second book that i have read.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that。this is the best book that i have read this year.先行词既包括人又包括物时，只能用that。we talked about the people and things that we remembered.在介词后只能用which。the house in which i lived has been sold.专题十四情景交际考点分析解读情景交际在甘肃各地市的考题中都会涉及，各地考查数量不一，数量会在17道。在2011年省卷中考查最多。2013年张掖、平凉、白银、酒泉等地的单选中涉及6道情景交际。话题以课本和课标中常见的话题为主。常考话题包括感谢及应答、道歉、建议、意愿、邀请等就餐、问路等。考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用语言的能力，考生应熟练掌握日常表达用语。重难点精讲(懒人听讲解)1.感谢感谢某人thank you./thank you very much. （非常）谢谢你。thanks./thanks a lot./many thanks. （非常）谢谢。thanks/thank you for. （因）感谢你。itis very kind of you. 你真是太好了。thanks. that would be nice. 谢谢，那太好了。应答not at all./thatis ok./thats all right./youare welcome./itis a pleasure./my pleasure.不用谢。/不客气。2.道歉当要麻烦别人时：excuse me./i beg your pardon.打扰一下。/请再说一遍。当做错某事时：sorry./iam sorry for /iam sorry that 对不起回答道歉时的答语：thatis all right./thatis ok./never mind./itis nothing./it does not matter.没关系。/没什么。3.祝愿和祝贺good luck(to you)! 祝你好运！merry christmas! 祝你圣诞节快乐！happy new year! 新年快乐！happy birthday! 生日快乐！congratulations! 祝贺你！have a good time! 祝你玩得开心！the same to you. 同样祝福你。4.意愿iam going to pick apples. 我将去摘苹果。iwould like you to meet my parents, too.我也想让你见见我的父母亲。i want to take some books to the classroom.我想拿一些书去教室。i hope you have a good time. 我希望你过得愉快。5.邀请和应答邀请和应答will you come to my party?你能来参加我的宴会吗？would you like to go for a walk?你想去散步吗？may i invite you to dinner?我可以请你吃饭吗？接受邀请时的答语：yes, iwould like/love to.是的，我愿意。yes. itis very kind of you.是的，你真是太好了。that would be nice.那太好了。拒绝邀请时的答语：no, thank you.不，谢谢你。iwould love/like to, but我想，但是6.提供（帮助等）和应答can i help you? 我能帮忙吗？what can i do for you? 我能为你做些什么？let me help you. 让我来帮你。7.请求can/could you. for me? 你能替我做吗？will/would you please.? 你可不可以？please hurry. 请快点。8.劝告和建议youwould better ask that woman. 你最好问问那位妇女。why donnot you go to the park?/why not go to the park? 为什么不去公园呢？how/what about going out for a walk? 去散步怎么样？shall we play together? 我们一起玩，好吗？you shouldnt stay up too late. 别睡得太晚。9.打电话拨电话方的交际用语could/may/can i speak to.please?请找接电话，好吗？whois that(speaking)? 你是哪一位呀？this is.(speaking). 我是could you ask him/her to call me back?您能让他/她给我回电话吗？iam calling to tell/ask you to.我打电话给你是想告诉/要你去thatis very kind of you(to help me).你能帮我真是太好了。接电话方的交际用语hold on(for a moment), please. 请稍等。iam sorry/afraid heis/sheis out at the moment/right now. 对不起，（我恐怕）他/她现在不在。can i take a message (for you)? 我能替你带话吗？10.购物营业员常用的交际用语can i help you?/what can i do for you? 你要买什么？how many/much.do you want? 你要多少？what about this one? 这件/种怎么样？what colour/size/kind do you like/want?你喜欢/想要什么颜色/尺寸/种类的？iam afraid we havent got any.in that size at the moment.恐怕我们现在没有那个尺寸的here you are. 给你。顾客常用的交际用语i want/would like to buy some.(for.)我想（为）买一些iam looking for.我正在找i would like/want two kilos of. 我想买两公斤i like the colour, but itis/theyare too. 我喜欢这个颜色，但它/它们太itis great, but its not.enough. 不错，但它不够i prefer.but this.is too. 我喜欢，但这个太have you got any other kind/colour/size? 你们还有其他种类/颜色/尺寸的吗？that looks nice/great. 看起来不错。have you got anything cheaper? 你们有更便宜点的吗？how much does it cost? 多少钱？can/may i try them/it on, please?我能试一试吗？11.问路及应答问路的交际用语excuse me, whereis.? 劳驾，在哪儿？how can i get to.? 我怎样去？which is the way to the.? 去是哪一条路？could you tell me how to get to the.please? 请问您能告诉我怎样去吗？how far is it? 有多远？which bus can i take? 我可以乘哪路公车？指路的交际用语itis over there on the left/right. 在那儿左边/右边。itis next to the./in front of the./behind the./outside the./between. and. 它在的旁边/前面/后面/外面/中间。itis at the end of the street. 在街道的尽头。youwould better take/catch a bus. 你最好乘公共汽车。at the end of the road youwill see the. 至路尽头你就会看到it will take you about half an hour. 大约要花半个小时到那儿。go across the bridge. 从桥上走过去。go up this road to the end. 沿着这条路走到尽头。turn left/right at the second crossing. 从第二个十字路口向左/右拐。you cannot miss it. 你不会错过的。itis about 15 minutes walk. 步行大约15分钟。12.看病医生常用交际用语whatis wrong with you?/whats the matter?/whats up? 你怎么了？how long have you been like this?你像这样多久了？have you taken your temperature?你测过体温吗？have you had anything to eat this morning?早晨你吃过什么东西吗？thereis nothing serious. 不要紧，不严重。take this medicine and stay in bed for a few days. 吃这个药并卧床休息几天。you will get better soon. 你会很快好起来的。you will be all right/well soon. 你会很快没事的。病人常用的交际用语i have got a headache/cough. 我头痛/咳嗽。iam not feeling well./i dont feel very well./i feel terrible. 我感觉不舒服。thereis something wrong with. 我不舒服。13.喜好和厌恶喜欢which do you like better, . or .?你喜欢（这两者）中的哪一个？i like . better than.我喜欢胜过which do you like best, ., .or.?你最喜欢（这三者）中的哪一个？i like.best.我最喜欢would you like.? 你想要吗？i like/love.a lot/very much/a little.我很/十分/有一点喜欢厌恶i dont like.at all. 我一点也不喜欢i prefer to.rather than. 我宁可也不14.谈论天气询问天气whatis the weather like today? 今天天气如何？how is the weather in england?英格兰的天气怎么样？lovely weather, isnt it? 天气不错，不是吗？描述天气itis fine/cloudy/windy/rainy.晴天/多云/有风/有雨。itis rather warm/cold/hot/etc. today, isnt it?今天很暖和/冷/热，不是吗？what a heavy rain! 好大的雨！15.就餐主人常用语：what would you like to have?你想要些什么？would you like something to drink?你想要一些喝的吗？help yourself to some chicken.请随