精品—名词性从句ppt课件.ppt

名词性从句 1 Unit1Theworldofoursense GrammarNounclause 名词性从句 2 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类 连接词 that whether if连接代词 what whatever who whoever whom whose which 连接副词 when where how why 3 一 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替 而本身放在句子末尾 1 It作形式主语 It作形式主语代替主语从句 主要是为了平衡句子结构 主语从句的连接词没有变化 例如 Itisapitythatyoudidn tgotoseethefilm Itdoesn tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot 4 Subjectclause引导主语从句的连词主要有 一 由that引导的主从 1 Thatweshallbelateiscertain 2 isknowntoall 地球是圆的 3 isapity 你错过了这次机会 that不作成分 无意义 但不能省略 后接一个完整的陈述句 Thattheearthisround Thatyoumissedthechance that whether 疑问词 5 注 that引导的主语从句作主语 谓语用单数 That引导的主从 常用形式主语it代替 that从句后移 Thatweneedtimeisobvious Itisobviousthatweneedtime 6 2 What引导的主从 what作主语 宾语或表语 表 的东西Whatweneedistime Whathesaiditistrue 7 What引导的主从 谓语动词视后面的名词而定 Whatweneedtime Whathegavemearetwobooks is 8 what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 而that则不然 例如 1 yousaidyesterdayisright 2 sheisstillaliveisagoodthing Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday Itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive What That 2 what与that在引导主语从句时的区别 9 3 由whether引导的主从 e g Whetherhe llbeabletocomeisnotyetknown Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion 主语从句不能用if来引导 Ex 1 是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定 Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn tbeendecidedyet 陈述语序 10 4 疑问词引导的主语从句what which who whom when where why how原则 缺什么补什么Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus Whowillwinthegameisnotclear Wherehewillgoisunknown Whytheyhavenotleftyetpuzzledme Howwecangetthereisaproblem 11 1 makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices A WhatB WhoC WhateverD Whoever2 Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy A WhereB WhatC ThatD How3 It snotclear wasresponsiblefortheaccident A WhoB WhatC HowD That A Ex C A 12 二 宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 通常放在主句谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后 1 作动词的宾语 1 由that引导的宾语从句 that通常可以省略 例如 Iheardthathejoinedthearmy 2 由what whether if 引导的宾语从句 例如 Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme 3 动词 间接宾语 宾语从句 例如 Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation 2 作介词的宾语 例如 Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperate 合作 withoneanother 13 3 作形容词的宾语 例如 Iamafraid that I vemadeamistake Iamsure that hewillwinthegame 4 it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语 还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾 特别是在带复合宾语的句子中 例如 Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone 14 Objectclause 引导宾语从句的连词主要有 1 that引导的宾从Shesensedshewasbeingwatching Webelieveheishonest ItoldhimIwouldcomebacksoon 单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略 that if whether 疑问词 that that that 15 如果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个句子 那么要用2个连词分别引导两个句子 并且不能省略 Hesaid thathelikedrainverymuch and thathewouldnotuseanumbrella 16 2 if whether引导的宾从 如果宾语从句为一般疑问句时 用if或whether来引导e g Iwonderif whetherhewillcomeontime if和whether的选用1 从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语 二者都可用 2 Whether ornot搭配 不能用if 17 whether与if均为 是否 的意思 但在下列情况下 whether不能被if所取代 主语从句不能用if Whetherhewillcomeisunknown 2 表语从句不能用if 如 Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit 3 同位语从句不能用if 如 Thequestionwhetherhe llattendthemeetingisnotdecided 4 从句作介词的宾语不能用if 如 I mnotinterestedinwhetherthey llgoornot Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney 5 直接跟不定式连用 连词不能用if如 Shehasn tdecidedwhethertogoornot 6 Whether ornot搭配 不能用if 18 用if或whether填空 1 Idon tknow I llbefreetomorrow 2 Idon tknow ornotI llbefreetomorrow 3 Thequestionis thisbookisworthwriting 4 Itdependson wewillhaveenoughmoney 5 theycandoitmatterslittletous 6 youarenotfreetomorrow I llgowithoutyou whether if whether whether whether Whether If 19 3 疑问词引导的宾语从句Idon tknowwhatIshoulddo Idon tknowwherehelives Idon tknowwherehe llvisit 20 3 疑问词引导的宾从练习 1 Idon tknow broketheglassyesterday 2 Weshouldpayattentionto theteacherissaying 3 Theteacherasked Iwasgettingonwithmyclassmates A whatB thatC howD if4 Wethought strangethatshedidn tcomeyesterday A thatB itC thisD what who what C B 21 doubt用于肯定句 其宾从用if whetherIdoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow Doubt用于否定句 疑问句 用thatIdon tdoubtthathewillcometomorrow Doyoudoubtthat 22 5 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 Suggest insist require order request demand propose advice that主 should V原形 should可省略 Hesuggestedthatameetingshouldbeheldatonce HeinsistedthathenotbesenttoworkinTibet 23 Objectclause 宾语从句的注意点 1 单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略 Webelieveheishonest 如果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个句子 那么要用2个连词分别引导两个句子 并且不能省略 Hesaidthathelikedrainverymuchandthathewouldnotuseanumbrella that 24 3 宾语从句的语序问题 用正常语序 1 Thephotographswillshowyou A whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB whatourvillagelookslikeC howdoesourvillagelooklikeD howourvillagelookslike2 Youcanhardlyimagine whenheheardthenews A howhewasexcitedB howwasheexcitedC howexcitedhewasD hewashowexcited3 Heasked foraviolin MET92 A didIpayhowmuchB IpaidhowmuchC howmuchdidIpayD howmuchIpaid B C D 25 4 宾语从句的时态呼应 1 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时 从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态 a 他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的 Hebelieves b 请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么 Pleasetellme hisdreamwillcometruesomeday whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday 2 Hetoldme Iampreparingfortheexam Hetoldme Ihaveleftmyhometownformanyyears 3 老师告诉我们地球是圆的 Theteachertoldus Hetoldmehewaspreparingfortheexam Hetoldmehehadlefthishometownformanyyears theearthisround 26 主语从句与宾语从句练习 1 Itnowappears theyareinneedofhelp A thatB whichC whatD how3 It heislateforclass A maythatB mightthatC maybethatD mightbewhat4 knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit A WhothatB WhoeverC WhomthatD Thatwho5 Youmustdowell theteacherasksyoutodo A whichB whatC thatD where6 hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain A ThatB WhetherC IfD Evenif 27 三 表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 放在系动词之后 一般结构是 主语 连系动词 表语从句 可以接表语从句的连系动词有be look remain seem等 另外 常用的还有thereasonisthat 和Itisbecause等结构 例如 1 Thequestionis wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime 2 Thisis wecan tgetthesupportofthepeople 3 Butthefactremains wearebehindtheotherclasses 4 Thereason heislateforschoolis hemissedtheearlybus whether how why that why that 28 predictiveclause 引导表语从句的连词 that whether 疑问词 asif asthough because e g ThetroubleisthatIhavelostmykey Thequestioniswhetherwecandoit That sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry That swhyIwaslate 29 虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用 如果句子的主语是suggestion advice order demand require proposal 等名词时 后面引导的表语从句用should 动词原形 should可省略 e g 他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作 1 Thereason wedidn ttrusthimis hehasoftenlied 如果主语为reason why that 表语从句连词只能用that Hissuggestionisthatwe should finishtheworkatonce 此规则同样适用于同位语从句 30 表语从句练习 1 Thisis shewasborn A whereB whichC thatD what2 Thequestionis wecan tgotheretoday A thatB whatC whichD when3 Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis hehasneverwastedhistime A becauseB whyC thatD what4 Myadviceisthathe schoolbybike A gotoB wouldgotoC goestoD wentto5 shecouldn tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons A What whyB That whatC What becauseD Why that 31 四 同位语从句 1 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释 说明名词的具体内容 修饰名词fact idea news order suggestion 等的同位语从句由that引导 不用which that不可省 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句 32 oppositonclause 引导同位语从句的连接词 that 疑问词 whether 1 That引导的同位语从句 1 ThenewsthatIhavepassedtheexamistrue 2 Whether引导的同位语从句 1 Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved 3 疑问词引导的同位语从句1 Wehaven tsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation 33 1 Thesuggestionthathe atthemeetingwasagreedtobymostpeople A shouldputforwardB putforwardC shouldlookforwardD lookedforward 2 Thesuggestionthatwe topicniconSundaywasagreedtobymostpeople AwentB wouldgoC goD wereallowedtogo B C 4 虚拟语气在同位语从句中的应用 名词demand suggestion proposal advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气 结构为should do should可省略 34 5 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1 定语从句中的that既代替先行词 同时在从句中作某个成分 主语或宾语 而同位语从句中的that是连词 只起连接主句与从句的作用 不充当句中任何成分 2 定语从句是形容词性的 其功能是修饰先行词 对先行词加以限定 描述它的性质或特征 同位语从句是名词性的 其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明 例如 1 ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear 他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国 第一个that引导的从句是定语从句 that在从句中作宾语 2 ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的 同位语从句 that在句中不作任何成分 35 同位语 修饰名词的内容定语从句 对前面的名词进行修饰 限定 Thenewsthatourteamhadwoncame 同位语从句Thenewsthat whichheheardwastrue 定语从句 36 that在同位语从句与定语从句的区别 37 I 试比较下面两个例句 1 Thesuggestionthatheraisedatthemeetingisverygood 2 Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldhaveplentyofexerciseisverygood that引导定语从句 作宾语 可以省略 that引导同位语从句 在从句中不担当任何成分 但不可以省略 38 辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1 Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon 2 Wemustfacethefactthatwehadspentallourmoney 3 Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywasfalse 4 Ihavenodoubtthathewillcomesoon 同位语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 39 practice 40 高考再现1 NMET1995 isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage A ThereB ThisC ThatD It2 NMET1996 wecan tgetseemsbetterthanwehave A What whatB What thatC That thatD That what3 NMET2001春 Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother doesitmatteritwas A whereB whatC howD which4 NMET1997 It sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants A howeverB whateverC whicheverD wherever5 NMET1999 IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff A whyB whenC whatD where D A D B A 41 6 上海2002 There safeelinginmewe llneverknowwhataUFOis notever A thatB whichC ofwhichD what A 42 1 Itisimportantthat oureducationinallavailableways A wemustdevelopB weshalldevelopC wewoulddevelopD weshoulddevelop2 Itisnecessarythat bytheendoftheweek A wegoteverythingreadyB wehavegoteverythingreadyC WegeteverythingreadyD wemustgeteverythingready3 Itwasnaturalthat A mypictureswouldsurprisethemB mypicturessurprisedthemC mypicturesshouldsurprisethemD mypictureswouldhavesurprisedthem4 Iwonder A whetherornotI llcatchthelastbusB ifornotI llcatchthelastbusC thatI llcatchthelastbusornotD thatI llcatchthelastbus 43 5 Weallthought apitythatwehadmissedthelesson A soB suchC itD that6 Itook forgranted 想当然 thattheywerenotcoming A thatB thisC itD so7 Iheard saidthathehadgreatconcern 关心 forhisclassmates A andB thatC wasD it8 IwishI tothefootballmatchlastnight A wentB goC shouldgoD hadgone 44 1 Weallknowthetruth theearthgoesroundthesun A thatB whichC whatD whether2 Weheardthenews ourteamhadwon A whichB thatC whatD where3 Theproblem itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided A whichB thatC whetherD if4 There safeelinginme we llneverknowwhataUFOis notever A thatB whichC ofwhichD what5 Itremainsaquestion wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime A howB thatC whenD what 45 综合运用 Theearthisround isknowntoeverybody as which 2 isknowntoeverybody theearthisround As 3 theearthisroundisknowntoeverybody That 4 isknowntoeverybodythattheearthisround It 5 Everybodyknows theearthisround that 6 surprisedusverymuchthatourteacherleftwithoutaword It 7 surp