高考英语特殊句式.doc

一、教学内容一、感叹句（一）定义：由How, what 引导的，表达赞美，惊讶等感情的句子.（二）句型：1. 由what引导的感叹句：基本结构：what+a/an+adj+n+主语+谓语 What a nice girl she is!what beautiful flowers they are!what wonderful sunshine it is!2. 由how引导的基本结构：1. How +adj/adv+主语+谓语How fast he runs.How hard they work!2. How +adj+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语How new an office it is!How useful a subject we are learning!感叹句解题方法:1.凡是形容词直接加名词的，一般用what.2.凡是a/an在形容词之前的，多用what。3. 其他的一般用how.题组训练：1. clever the girl is! So she is.A How B What C What a 2. a politics teacher died in order to save his four students in the earthquake in Wenchuan. teacher he is!A How excellent B What an excellent C What a excellent3. terrible weather we had last Sunday!A What B What a C Such D How4. a nice hat it is!A How B What a C What5. information he offered us! We all thank him.A What useful B What useless C How useful D How useless二、倒装句：完全倒装和部分倒装（一）完全倒装：谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子。这种句型主要有两种：注：表示方位，时间的副词或介词短语，如here，there，up, down, in, away, off, out, then, in the room, on the wall等置于句首时，且主语是名词时。E.g In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。South of the river lies a small factory. 一个小型的工厂坐落在这条河的南岸。In she came题组训练：（2009福建高考，25）For a moment nothing happened. Then all shouting together.A. voices had come B.came voice C.voices would come D.did voices come（二）部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前。主要有以下几种：1、 only修饰副词，介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。E.g Only in this way can we learn English well.Only when he returned did we find out the truth.注：only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装，主句要部分倒装E.g Only when he returned did we find out the truth. only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装 e.g Only can he answer the question.题组训练：Only when he reached the teahouse it was the same place hed been in last year.Only you 。2、 否定副词never，nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表达否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。E.g Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a moving film before.Not a single mistake did he make.=He didnt make a single mistake. 他一个错误都没犯。Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.=I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark. 在天黑之前完成这项工作我认为几乎不可能。题组训练：（2011福建高考，29）1.-It is nice. Never before such a special drink! -Im glad you like it.A. I have had B. I had C.have I had D.had I 2. We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.A. we think B.think we C.we do think D.do we think3、 六个重要的固定句型：（1） .so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“也是如此”E.g They love having lots of friends; so do I.注：“.so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”和“.so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词”的区别E.g It is hot, so it is. He is lazy, so is she.（2） .neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语, 意为“也不这样”E.g Lily cant ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy.（3） So+adj/adv.that. 意为“如此以至于”So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.（4） neither., nor. 意为“不，也不”E.g Neither do I know it ,nor do I care about it. 我不知道这件事，也不关心这件事。由于neither， nor都是否定词，所以他们后面的分词均用倒装（5）Not only., but also., 意为“不仅而且”Not only 引导的句子用倒装，但是but also 引导的句子必须用正常语序。E.g Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who needed it. 不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。题组训练：1、 So sudden that the enemy had no time to escape.A. did the attack B.the attack did C.was the attack D.the attack was2、Not until I came back home last night to bed.A. Mum did go B.did Mum go C.went Mum D.Mum went3、 that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business5、Its burning hot today, isnt it?Yes. _ yesterday. A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it三、反义疑问句（一）定义：附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出质疑的句子。（二）特点：1.反义疑问句部分要与前面的陈述句用逗号隔开，句末用问号。 2.前肯后否，前否后肯。 3.此问句可用yes 或no来回答。 4.反义疑问句部分的主语要用代词，并与前句主语一致，谓语动词在人称，数和时态 上与前句保持一致。注:反义疑问句的重点就是反义疑问句的主语和谓语这两部分，以及考查反义疑问句的回答。（三）反义疑问句主语和谓语的确定反义疑问句的主语和谓语的确定应以陈述部分的主语和谓语为依据，尤其要注意一些特殊的情况，同时，简略问句部分的主语一般用人称代词，动词若为否定形式则一般用缩略形式。（1） 陈述部分含有never, few, little nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none, too.to.等表示否定意义的词时，其反义疑问句应用肯定形式。如：There are few people in the room, are there? 房间里几乎没人，是吗？（2） 当陈述部分是there be结构时， 反意部分用be thereE.g There is a tree in front of the building, isnt there?大楼前面有一棵树，是吗？（3） 当陈述部分的主语是指事（物）的不定代词something，anything，everything时，反义疑问句的主语应该用itE.g Something is wrong with your computer, isnt?你的电脑出毛病了，是吗？（4） 当陈述部分的主语是指人的不定代词somebody，anybody，everybody等时，反义疑问句的主语用he或they，不可用itE.g Somebody wants to see you, doesnt he? 有人要见你，是吗？（5） 当陈述部分的主语为this，that时，反义疑问句的主语用it,相应地，these和those用they。E.g This is a beautiful picture, isnt it? 这是一幅美丽的图画，是吗？ Those arent apple trees, are they? 那些不是苹果树， 是吗？（6） 当陈述部分动词为have/has时有下列几种情况：have在一般现在时中表示“有”之意，反义疑问句的谓语可用have，也可用助动词do。E.g Tom has a new watch, hasnt he?/doesnt he?have to 表示“不得不，必须”时，反义疑问句的谓语动词用助动词doE.g Kate has to help her mother at home, doesnt her?have 表示“吃，喝，玩，度过”时，其反义疑问句的谓语动词用助动词doE.g They had a good time in Beijing, didnt they?had better 的反义疑问句，谓语动词用had。E.g Wed better stop talking, hadnt we? 我们最好停止说话，好吗？have用在完成时中，其反义疑问句的谓语用haveE.g Lucy has ever been to Japan, hasnt she?（7） 当陈述部分含有need时，如果need作为行为动词，则反义疑问句的谓语用do，如果need作为情态动词，则谓语动词用needE.g We need to arrive in Shanghai at 7:00, dont we? We neednt leave at once, need we?（8） 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，有下列几种情况：must表“必须”，反义疑问句的谓语用needntE.g They must come on time, neednt they?must 表示推测，“一定，想必”，反意疑问句的谓语应根据must后面的动词E.g That man must be Mr. Wang, isnt he ?（9） 当陈述部分为I am的形式时，反义疑问句部分应该用arent I?E.g I am right, arent I?（10） 肯定的祈使句的反义疑问句可以用will you或wont you,否定的祈使句的反义疑问句用will you .E.g Listen to me carefully, will/wont you? Dont play with fire, will you?（11） 以lets 开头的祈使句，反义疑问句用shall we; 以let us开头的用will youE.g Lets go to the park, shall we? Let us help you, will you?（12） 当陈述部分若为主从复合句时，反义疑问句的主语通常与主句的主语保持一致E.g She said he would come tomorrow, didnt she?注意：若主句的主语是第一人称I/we, 其谓语动词又是think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine等，反义疑问句部分的主语和谓语要和从句一致（特别注意否定转移）e.g I think he is a good student, isnt he? We dont think you are right, are you?（13） 陈述部分含有used to的反义疑问句，用usednt或didnt均可。You used to sleep with the windows open, usednt/didnt you（14） 陈述部分含有ought to的用oughtnt 或shouldnt He ought to attend the lecture, oughtnt /shouldn