不规则动词.docx

不规则动词不规则动词，英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加-ed构成，如果有e，只加d，而不规则动词的变化因词而异。目录1定义2表格AAA型AAB型ABA型ABB型ABC型3方法11.定义英语单词中由动词原形转变为过去式和过去分词时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词（Irregular Verbs）。现代英语新生成的动词都归入“-ed”的规则变化，例如：parkparked （停车1864）faxfaxed （以传真传送1979）e-maile-mailed （以电脑网络传送1982）（所附年次为最早用例出现年次O.E.D.）因此，不规则动词可以说都是古英语动词的不规则变化因其常用度很高而一直沿用到今天者，所以我们今天在学习英语时绝对无法，也不可能规避这些不规则动词。从英语的演变来看，不规则动词就是强势动词（Strong Verbs）即其词形变化全依其本身之语音（尤其是元音）变化来进行而不借助词尾的变化。例如：原形： buy sing speak过去式： bought sang spoke过去分词： bought sung spoken我们学习不规则动词的时候，最有效的方法就是要针对这种词形变化的现象，了解其变化的型式，发出声音背念，使其能自然地隔入我们的speaking和writing，这样才能说确实地把不规则动词学会了。注：与强势动词相对，须借助“-ed”之词尾来进行词形变化的规则动词就叫做弱势动词（Weak Verbs）。表格AAA型现在式、过去式和过去分词同形，保持不变，除进行式外词例：动词原形过去式过去分词意思costcostcost花费cutcutcut割，切hithithit打putputput放下readreadread读hurthurthurt受伤letletlet让# “Read” 的“过去式”和“过去分词”的读音和动词原型的读音不同。AAB型现在式和过去式同形词例：动词原型过去式过去分词意思beatbeatbeaten打ABA型现在式和过去分词同形词例：动词原形过去式过去分词意思comecamecome来到becomebecamebecome变runranrun跑overcomeovercameovercome征服，打败ABB型过去式与过去分词同形分为以下情形：在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t。词例：动词原形过去式过去分词意思burnburntburnt燃烧learnlearned/ learntlearned/ learnt学习meanmeantmeant含义hearheardheard听见把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”。词例：动词原形过去式过去分词意思buildbuiltbuilt建筑lendlentlent借sendsentsent传送spendspentspent花费 其他不规则的各种变化。词例：动词原形过去式过去分词意思动词原形过去式过去分词意思paypaidpaid付钱laylaidlaid下蛋saysaidsaid说bringbroughtbrought带来buyboughtbought买fightfoughtfought战斗thinkthoughtthought思考sleepsleptslept睡觉feelfeltfelt感觉keepkeptkept保持sweepsweptswept扫standstoodstood站understandunderstoodunderstood理解winwonwon胜利catchcaughtcaught抓住teachtaughttaught教findfoundfound发现getgotgot得到holdheldheld握leaveleftleft离开makemademade制造meetmetmet遇见shootshotshot射击digdugdug挖smellsmelt / smelledsmelt / smelled嗅，闻shineshone / shinedshone / shined发光sitsatsat坐下havehadhad有ABC型三词不同形，分为以下情形：在动词原形后加-n或-en 构成过去分词 。动词原形过去式过去分词意思动词原形过去式过去分词意思eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下givegavegiven给taketooktaken拿，记录，拍摄seesawseen看见writewrotewritten写rideroderidden骑drivedrovedriven驾驶throwthrewthrown抛，扔blowblewblown吹growgrewgrown生长knowknewknown知道showshowedshown展示drawdrewdrawn拉，绘画，抽签过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词意思speakspokespoken说话breakbrokebroken破碎choosechosechosen选择forgetforgotforgotten忘记freezefrozefrozen凝固把单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”变成“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。动词原形过去式过去分词意思beginbeganbegun开始ringrangrung按铃singsangsung唱sinksanksunk沉swimswamswum游泳drinkdrankdrunk喝序号不定式过去式过去分词1abideabode, abidedabode, abided2arisearosearisen3awakeawokeawaked, awoken4bewasbeen5bearboreborne, born6beatbeatbeaten7becomebecamebecome8befallbefellbefallen9begetbegotbegotten10beginbeganbegun11beholdbeheldbeheld12bendbentbent13bereavebereaved, bereftbereaved, bereft14beseechbesoughtbesought15besetbesetbeset16betbet, bettedbet, betted17betakebetookbetaken18bethinkbethoughtbethought19bidbade, bidbidden, bid20bindboundbound21bitebitbitten, bit22bleedbledbled23blendblended, blentblended, blent24blessblessed, blestblessed, blest25blowblewblown26breakbrokebroken27breedbredbred28bringbroughtbrought29broadcastbroadcast, broadcastedbroadcast, broadcasted30buildbuiltbuilt31burnburnt, burnedburnt, burned32burstburstburst33buyboughtbought34castcastcast35catchcaughtcaught36chidechided, chidchided, chidden37choosechosechosen38cleaveclove, cleftcloven, cleft39clingclungclung40clotheclothed, cladclothed, clad41comecamecome42costcostcost43creepcreptcrept44crowcrowed, crewcrowed45cutcutcut46daredared, durstdared47deadealtdealt48digdugdug49divedived; (US) dovedived50dodiddone51drawdrewdrawn52dreamdreamt, dreameddreamt, dreamed53drinkdrankdrunk54drivedrovedriven55dwelldweltdwelt56eatateeaten57fallfellfallen58feedfedfed59feelfeltfelt60fightfoughtfought61findfoundfound62fleefledfled63flingflungflung64flyflewflown65forbearforboreforborne66forbidforbade, forbadforbidden67forecastforecast, forecastedforecast, forecasted68foreknowforeknewforeknown69foreseeforesewforeseen70foretellforetoldforetold71forgetforgotforgotten72forgiveforgaveforgiven73forsakeforsookforsaken74forswearforsworeforsworn75freezefrozefrozen76gainsaygainsaidgainsaid77getgotgot; (US) gotten78gildgilded, giltgilded79girdgirded, girtgirded, girt80givegavegiven81gowentgone82gravegravedgraven, graved83grindgroundground84growgrewgrown85hamstringhamstringed, hamstrunghamstringed , hamstrung86hanghung, hangedhung, hanged87havehadhad88hearheardheard89heaveheaved, hovehesved, hove90hewhewedhewed, hewn91hidehidhidden92hithithit93heldheldheld94hurthurthurt95inlayinlaidinlaid96keepkeptkept97kneelkneltknelt98knitknitted, knitknitted, knit99knowknewknown100ladeladedladen101laylaidlaid102loadledled103leanlesnt, leanedlesnt, leaned104leapleapt, leapedleapt, leaped105learnlearnt, learnedlearnt, learned106leaveleftleft107lendlentlent108letletlet109lielaylain110lightlit, lightedlit, lighted111loselostlost112makemademade113meanmeantmeant114meetmetmet115meltmeltedmelted, molten116miscastmiscastmiscast117misdealmisdealtmisdealt118misgivemisgavemisgiven119mislaymislaidmislaid120misleadmisledmisled121misspellmisspeltmisspelt122misspendmisspentmisspent123mistakemistookmistaken124misunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstood125mowmowedmown; (US) mowed126outbidoutbidoutbid127outdooutdidoutdone128outgooutwentoutgone129outgrowoutgrewoutgrown130outrideoutrodeoutridden131outrunoutranoutrun132outshineoutshoneoutshone133overbearoverboreoverborne134overcastovercastovercast135overcomeovercameovercome136overdooverdidoverdone137overhangoverhungoverhung138overhearoverheardoverheard139overlayoverlaidoverlaid140overleapoverleapt, overleapedoverleapt, overleaped141overlieoverlayoverlain142overrideoverrodeoverridden143overrunoverranoverun144overseeoversawoverseen145overshootovershotovershot146oversleepoversleptoverslept147overtakeovertookovertaken148overthrowoverthrewoverthrown149partakepartookpartaken150paypaidpaid151proveprovedproved, proven152putputput153quitquitted, quitquitted, quit154readread redread red155rebindreboundrebound156rebuildrebuiltrebuilt157recastrecastrecast158redoredidredone159relayrelaidrelaid160remakeremaderemade161rendrentrent162repayrepaidrepaid163rerunreranrerun164resetresetreset165retellretoldretold166rewriterewroterewritten167ridred, reddedrid, ridded168rideroderidden169ringrangrung170riseroserisen171riverivedriven, rived172runranrun173sawsawedsawn, sawed174saysaidsaid175seesawseen176seeksoughtsought177sellsoldsold178sendsentsent179setsetset180sewsewedsewn, sewed181shakeshookshaken182shaveshavedshaved, shaven183shearshearedsheared, shorn184shedshedshed185shineshoneshone186shoeshodshod187shootshotshot188showshowedshown, showed189shrinkshrank, shrunkshrunk, shrunken190shriveshrove, shrivedshriven, shrived191shutshutshut192singsang, sungsung193sinksank, sunksunk; sunken194sitsatsat195slayslewslain196sleepsleptslept197slideslidslid198slingslungslung199slinkslunkslunk200slitslitslit201smellsmelt; smelledsmelt; smelled202smitesmotesmitten203sowsowedsown, sowed204speakspokespoken205speedsped, speededsped, speeded206spellspelt, spelledspelt, spelled207spendspentspent208spillspilt, spilledspilt, spilled209spinspun, spanspun210spitspat, spitspat, spit211spoilspoilt, spoiledspoilt, spoiled212spreadspreadspread213springsprang, sprungsprung214standstoodstood215stavestaved, stovestaved, stove216stealstolestolen217stickstuckstuck218stingstungstung219stinkstank, stunkstunk220strewstrewedstrewn, strewed221stridestrodestridden, strid222strikestruckstruck, stricken223stringstrungstrung224strivestrovestriven225swearsworesworn226sweepsweptswept227swellswelledswollen, swelled228swimswamswum229swingswungswung230taketooktaken231teachtaughttaught232teartoretorn233telltoldtold234thinkthoughtthought235thrivethrove, thrivedthriven, thrived236throwthrewthrown237thrustthrustthrust238treadtrodtrodden, trod239unbendunbentunbent240unbindunboundunbound241underbidunderbidunderbid, underbidden242undergounderwentundergone243understandunderstoodunderstood244undertakeundertookundertaken245undoundidundone246upsetupsetupset247wakewoke, wakedwoken, waked248waylaywaylaidwaylaid249wearworeworn250weavewovewoven251weepweptwept252winwonwon253windwoundwound254withdrawwithdrewwithdrawn255withholdwithheldwithheld256withstandwithstoodwithstood257workworked, wroughtworked, wrought258wringwrungwrung259writewrotewritten方法（1）原形、过去式、过去分词相同（A-A-A型）：cast/cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/broadcast/burst/read/red/set/shut/spread/thrust/upset（2）原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同（A-A-B型）：beat/beat/beaten（3）原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同（A-B-A型）：come/came/come become/became/becomerun/ran/run overcome/overcame/overcome（4）原形不同，过去式，过去分词相同(A-B-B)：1.在动词原形后加一个辅动词d或t构成过去式或过去分词。2.把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。3.其他feel/felt/felt sleep/slept/sleptleave/left/left smell/smelt/smeltkeep/kept/kept creep/crept/creptkneel/knelt/knelt sweep/swept/sweptspell/spelt/spelt weep/wept/weptcatch/caught/caught fight/fought/foughtteach/taught/taught think/thought/thoughtstand/stood/stood lay/laid/laidunderstand/understood/understood pay/paid/paidbleed/bled/bled say/said/saidfeed/fed/fed stick/stuck/stucklead/led/led strike/struck/struckmeet/met/met tell/told/toldlearn/learnt/learnt sell/sold/soldlearn/learned/learned win/won/wonburn/burnt/burnt wind/wound/woundburn/burned/burned have（has）/had/haddeal/dealt/dealt hear/heard/heardmean/meant/meant lean/leant/leantdream/dreamt/dreamt lean/ leaned/leanedbend/bent/bent shine/shone/shonebuild/built/built shoot/shot/shotlend/lent/lent show/showed/shown，spend/spent/spent show/showed/showedflee/fled/fled sit/sat/satspeed/sped/sped lose/lost/lostspeed/speeded/speeded dig/dug/dugspit/spit/spit hold/held/heldspit/spat/spat get/got/got（AmE gotten）bring/brought/brought find/found/foundlight/lit/lit make/made/madelight/lighted/lighted buy/bought/bought（5）现在式，过去式，过去分词都不同（A-B-C型）：1.在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。2.过去式家-n或-en构成过去分词。3.变单词在重读音节中的的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）“u”（过去分词）。drive/drove/driven blow/blew/blownrise/rose/risen fly/flew/flownwake woke/woken grow/grew/growndo/did/done know/knew/knowngo/went/gone throw/threw/thrownsee/saw/seen prove/proved/proveneat/ate/eaten break/broke/brokenfa