名词性从句精讲(讲解+练习).doc

名词性从句精讲在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。That he will come here surprises me. I know that he will come here.The news is that he will come here. The new that he will come here surprises me.一、名词性从句的相同点：1.结构 2.连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：从属连接：that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why二、四大名词性从句的剖析1.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 上星期他突然生病了让我们很惊讶。Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否能够来仍然是一个问题。What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be +形容词 +主语从句 It is very interesting that he likes such kind of books.（2）It + be +名词 +主语从句 It is a pity that he missed the lecture.（3）It + be +动词的过去分词 + that从句 It is said that they have won the game.（4）It +不及物动词 + that从句 It seems that something is wrong with the computer.另注意在主语从句中用来表示必须、理应如此、建议、要求等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2.宾语从句名词性从句用作宾语叫宾语从句，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句连接词大致一样。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如He has told me (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。高考重点要求1掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构。2弄清名词性从句的连词意义，掌握其用法。3根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词。名词从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。我们看一下它们的属性。 如：that he failed the entrance examination1)_made all of us surprised.2)He told me_. 3)The result is _. 4)The news_surprised me.我们在四个句子中可以填入that he failed the entrance examination这个句子，发现都可成立。从上例不难看出，从本质上讲，这四类句子的属性是相同的，即：都起名词作用，只不过称谓不同,在整个句子中担当成分不同而已。纵观几年高考，对复合句的考查重在连词，名词从句也不例外，基本上是针对引导词设题。一 引导词的分类：1连接代词：what , who ,whom ,whose , which，whatever,whoever,whichever,且这些词在从句中担当主、宾、表、定语作用。2连接副词：why, when , where, how 在从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式、程度状语。whether , if 在从句中不充当成分，但整个句式中不可缺少，用以体现事件的不确定性。3that是名词从句中一个很活跃的词，但它只起连接作用，陈述某一事实，引导宾语从句时某些情况可以省略。针对如下情况，可进行对比：1)_he will come to call on is uncertain . 2)_he will come to call on us is uncertain.3)_ he will come to call on us makes us unhappy.从第一句中我们可以看出主语从句本身并不完整，缺少call on的宾语，应加who;第二句中表语为uncertain ,可知 主语部分为未知信息，可加入when, why ,how ,whether等;第三句表一种已知事实，故应加入that。二that ,whether, if在名词从句中的使用情况1that在宾从中大多数情况下可以省略，在主、宾、表中不可省去。但注意以下宾从中that不可省。I know nothing of himexceptthathe is from Henan.(介词后宾从中的that不可省)whether ,if宾语从句中可换用，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可用if。但注意在宾语从句中不能用if的情况：It all dependsonwhether they will support us.(从句作介词宾语时不可用if)He doesnt know whetherto stay or not. （后直接跟不定式时，不能用if）Please let me knowifyou like it.(这句是有双重意思的，如果视为宾语从句，就应换为whether.否则就引起歧义。 三从句的区分1)He tells me his idea _we reduce the cost .2)We are discussing the idea_he came up with yesterday.第一句中we reduce the cost应视为是idea内容的一种说明，是同位语从句，而第二句中idea可视为come up with的宾语，缺少引导定从的关系代词that或which ,当然可以省去关系代词。四分类复习中应注意的问题：1.在主语从句中it的使用That he will come to the party is certain。表意上并没有错误，但实际上并不太符合用语习惯，因此采用it作形式主语，使句式平衡。It is certain that he will come to the party.同样道理，it也可用作形式宾语。2宾语从句中的情况1）时态的呼应问题。2）特殊句式：动词suggest, insist, demand, order ,request, require等引起的从句需用虚拟句式主语+should +原形动词,should也可省。 Hesuggestedthat we should pay a visit to that town.(建议)但注意：What he saidsuggestedthat he had known the truth.(表明)同样，insistHeinsistedthat we do it at once.(坚持要做) Heinsistedthat he had done nothing wrong.(坚持说一种事实)wish引起从句时从句中时态常转为过去时态。I wish that there were no examinations in school.How he wishes he had worked hard in junior middle school!强化练习1. Its no longer a question now _ man can land on the moon.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD. what2. _he said at the meeting astonished everyone at present.A. What B. ThatC. The fact D. The matter3. In front of_ remained of my old house, I took some pictures, which called up my childhood. A. which B. the place C. where D. what4. _ you can go to college this year depends on _ you are studying hard now.A. That, that B. Whether, whether C. If, if D. Whether, if5. _has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles(车辆)remains a serious problem. A. That B. What C. Though whatD. In spite of what6. Ill tell you _ he expects will win such and such a match.A. whoB. whomC. whatD. that7. I didnt quite follow you. What was _you just said about the place?A. thatB. whichC. how D. where8. Maria has to baby-sit. Thats _ she can t come out with us. A. when B. howC. whyD. what9. After _seemed a very long time, the badly-wounded soldier came back to life. A. that B. it C. which D. what10. _she was chosen monitor made him excited. A. WhatB. ThatC. IfD. Whether11. I dont think _Jenny can come home this weekend. A. howB. whyC. thatD. when12. When I try to find _ that prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two mean causes. A. what it doesB. what it isC. why it doesD. why it is13. You should stick to _you have begun until you succeed.A. which B. that C. whateverD. no matter what14. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is heB. who he is C. who is itD. who it isA 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B 11.C 12. B 13. C 14. DWhatever与no matter whatIt is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wantsAwhatever Bno matter what Cwhenever Dno matter when此题应选A。容易误选B。选项C，D显然是错的，因为句中的wants缺宾语，而C，D两项不能作宾语。至于C，D的区别，可这样描述：no matter what只能引导状语从句，而不引导名词性从句。而whatever既可引导名词性从句（anything that），也可引导状语从句（no matter what）：1引导名词性从句（只用whatever）：无论他做什么都是对的。正：Whatever he did was right误：No matter what he did was right山羊找到什么就吃什么。正：Goats eat whatever they find误：Goats eat no matter what they find2引导状语从句（两者可换用）：无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。 正：Whatever you say，I wont believe you 正：No matter what you say，I wont believe you无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。正：Keep calm，whatever happens 正：Keep calm，no matter what happens如何区分引导名词性从句的what, thatI think _ he needs is more practice，Yes_ he needs more practice is clearAwhat，What Bthat，That Cwhat，That Dthat，What此题应选C。其余三项均可能被误选。What和that都可以引导名词性从句，但有区别：1what引导名词从句时，它在从句中要充当句子成分（主语、宾语等），而that引导名词从句时，它在从句中不能充当句子成分。2what引导名词从句时，它有词义（表示：什么；所的东西）；而that引导名词从句时，它没有词义。请做以下试题，注意区别what和that： 1_ you said is different from the thing _ he told usAWhat，whatBThat，that CWhat，that DThat，what 2I think he said is trueBut dont forget the fact _ he is a cheatAwhat，what Bthat，thatCwhat，thatDthat，what 3_ surprised us most is _ he spoke English so wellAWhat，whatBThat，thatCWhat，that1C 2C 3C引导名词从句的whether与that_ well go camping tomorrow depenps on the weatherAIf BWhether CThat DWhen此题应选B。容易误选A，C。1关于if与whether：两者都可引导宾语从句，常可换用；但若引导主语从句，则用whether（不用if），排除A。如：他是否会来还是个问题。误：If he will come is a question正：Whether he will come is a question2关于whether和that：两者都可引导主语从句，其区别主要应从句意来考虑：whether表示“是否”，由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的；that引导主语从句时，本身没有词义（that在其它名词性从句中也没有词义），但是由that引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较：1aThat well hold a meeting is decided我们要召开一次会议，这已决定了。 bWhether well hold a meeting is not decided我们是否要开一个会，这还没有决定。2aThat he has left here is clear他已离开了这儿，这点很清楚。 bWhether he has left here is not clear他是否已离开这儿，这还不清楚。3aThat he can finish it in two hours is clearbwhether he can finish it in two hours is a question引导名词性从句的what_ he said at the meeting astonished everyone presentAWhat BThat CIf DWhether此题应选A。选项C（if）显然不能选，因为if通常不能引导主语从句；选项B（that）和D（whether）虽然都可以引导主语从句，但两者除了意思不合题意外，还有它们在主语从句中都不充当句子成分，而此句中的he said缺宾语。在名词性从句中，what根据情况不同，可能有两方面的用法和意思：1用作连接代词，表示“什么”（由疑问词变来）：I dont know what he gave her我不知道他给了她什么。What he will say at the meeting is not known to us他在会上将说些什么，我们还不知道。2表示“所的（东西）”，在结构上相当于一个名词加一个定语从句（所以有人称这样用的what为关系代词型的what）：把你买的东西拿给我看。Show me what you boughtShow me the thing that you bought这是他想要的东西。This is what he wants This is the thing that he wants我们需要的是钱。What we need is moneyThe thing that we need is money名词性从句试题集锦1.I ask her _ come with me. A.if she will B.if will she C.whether will she D.will she 2._ He said is ture. A.What B.That C.Which D.Whether3.Can you tell me _? A.who is that gentleman is B.that gentleman is who C.who that gentleman is D.whom is that gentleman4.He dint know which room _. A.they lived B.they lived in C.did they live D.did they live in 5.To get the job started,_ I need is from here. A.only what B.all what C.all that D.only that 6.I have no idea _ the railway station? A.what B.how C.its D.that 7.Can you tell me _the railway station? A.how I can get to B.what can I get to C.where I can got to D.whrer can I get to 8.Do you know _? A.what is his name B.how is his name C.what his name is D.how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to orther people. A.That B.What C.Which D.This 10.They have no idea at all _. A.where he has gone B.where did he go C.which place has he gone D.where has he gone11.They want to know _ do to help us. A.what can they B.what they can C.how they can D.how can they12.These photographs will show you _. A.what our village looks like B.how does our village look likeC.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like13.Can you make sure _the gold ring? A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _in a million years. A.what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like D.what look man like15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not know yet. A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That 16.Go and get your coat.Its _ you left it. A.there B.where C.there where D.where there17.It worried her a bit _ her hair was truning gray. A.while B.that C.if D.for 18._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter 19.-Do you remember _ he came? -Yes,I do,he came by car. A.how B.when C.that D.if 20._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A.what;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what 21._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 22.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A.howeven B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 23.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that _ you had a few days off? A.why B.when C.what D.where 24.These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 25._ you dont like him is none of my business. A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 26.You cant imagine _ when they reveived these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited 27._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A.What B.That C.How D.Where 28.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella._ I got wet through. A.Its the reason B.Thats why C.Theres why D.Its how 29.It was a matter of _ would take the position. A.who B.whoever C.whom D.whomever 30._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever 31.It was _ he said _ disappointed me. A.what;that B.that;that C.what;what D.that;what 32.Eat _ cake you like and leave the others fow _ comes in late.A.any;who B.every;whoever C.whichever;whoever D.either,whoever1You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D . they were how excited 2Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 3He asked_ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid4These photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 5The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _ up to be during the past few years.A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown 6_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where7_we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What, what B. That, that C. What, that D. That, what 8These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever9_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Who B. Whoever C. Whomever D. Whom 9It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. whom 10Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter who10- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week - Is that_ you had a few days off ? A. why B. what C. when D. where11I remember _ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what ( NMET93 - 29 )12_ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B . That C. How D. Where (98年上海卷5 )13It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A .while B. if C .for D. that ( NMET92 - 29 )14It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination.A. whether B. if C. that D. how 15Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isnt like _ it used to be . A .what B. how C. that D. which 16A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do. A .how B. after C. what D .when ( NMET2001- 31 )17Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before. A .that B. how C .what D. where18What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why19_ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person 20Eat 20._ you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any, who B. every, whoever C. whichever, whoever D. either., whoever21_ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What, why B. That, why C. What, because D. Why, that22It was _ he said _ disappointed me. A. What, that B. That, that C. What, what D. That, what23Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C when D. as 24_ is no possibility _ Bob will win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether 练习答案Key:1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.A 21.B(或D) 22.B 23.A 24.A 25.C 26.B 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.D 31.A 32.C 1D 2) B 3) D 4) A 5) D 6) A 7) A 8) C 9) C 10) C 11) C 12) C 13) A 14) A 历届高考英语单项选择题精选(四)名词性从句、状语从句1.These photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like2.Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A.where Alice had putB. where did Alice put C.where Alice has putD. where has Alice put3.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what man will look likeB.what will man look like C.man will look like whatD.what look will man like4.-We havent heard from Jane a long time.-What do you suppose _ to her?A.was happeningB.has happenedC.to happenD.having happened5.Go and get your coat. Its _you left it.A.thereB.whereC.there whereD.where there6._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That7._ he said at the meeting astionished everyone present.A.WhatB.ThatC.That factD.The matter8.-Do yopu remember _ he came?-Yes, I do . He came by car.A.howB.whenC.thatD.it9._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What , whatB.What , thatC.That , thatD.That , what10.After the war, a new school building was put up _there had once been a theatre. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when11.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is heB. However he is late C. However is he lateD. However late he is12.Dr,Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I cant remember _.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that13.Why do you want a new job_youve got such a good one already?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when14.I,m going to the post office.youre there. can you get me some stamps?A. AsB. WhileC. Because D. If15.youve got a chance. you might as well make full use of it.A. Now thatB. After C. AlthoughD. AS soon as16Idrove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is thatyou had a few days off?A. why B. when C. whatD. where17. You should make it a rule to leave thingsyou can find them a